{"id":16019,"date":"2007-07-15T21:24:54","date_gmt":"2007-07-16T04:24:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/?p=16019"},"modified":"2010-09-07T21:27:35","modified_gmt":"2010-09-08T04:27:35","slug":"16019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/16019\/16019","title":{"rendered":"“!”"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"In The Workers<\/em> newspaper of October 10, 2000, there was a curious item about a fake doctor. A certain Ngo Thi Nghe had been practicing medicine for over ten years on a false degree, which she procured, it is speculated, by killing its original owner. She had all the accoutrements of medicine, a white suit, a thermometer, a bedpan, a syringe, many bottles of pills, but no formal knowledge of medicine. In fact, she had never gotten out of the eighth grade. The mortality rate of her patients, however, was no higher than usual, and she was even defended by some of her clients, after all the facts had come out, for saving their lives. “A most compassionate doctor,” said one elderly gentleman.<\/p>\n

There are so many scams nowadays that this case drew no special attention. Every day there are news reports of fake lawyers, fake architects, fake professors, and fake politicians doing business without the proper license or training. A most curious case in recent memory, however, is that of Ho Muoi, who was accused of being a fake English teacher. From perusing innumerable newspaper accounts, I was able to piece together the following:
\nHo Muoi was born in 1952 in Ky Dong village. His family made firecrackers until they were banned because of the war. Thereafter the father became an alcoholic and left the family. Although Ho Muoi was only six at the time, he knew enough to swear that he would never mention or even think of his father’s name again. His mother supported the children, all five of them, by carrying water and night soil for hire, a backbreaking labor that made her shorter by several inches. She also made meat dumplings that she sold on special occasions.<\/p>\n

Ky Dong Village is known for a festival, held every January 5th, in honor of a legendary general of a mythical king who fought against a real enemy two or three thousand years ago. The festival features a duck-catching demonstration, a wrestling tournament for the boys, a meat dumpling making contest for the girls, and, until it was banned because of the war, a procession of firecrackers.<\/p>\n

Those who’ve witnessed this procession of firecrackers describe a scene where boys and girls and gay men jiggle papier-m\u00e2ch\u00e9 animals and genitals strung from bamboo sticks amid the smoke and din of a million firecrackers.<\/p>\n

But the excitement from the festival only came once a year. For the rest of the time, the villagers were preoccupied with the tedium and anxieties of daily life. Most of the young men were drafted into the army, sent away and never came back, but the war never came directly to Ky Dong Village.<\/p>\n

When Ho Muoi was ten, his mother enrolled him in school for the first time. He was slow and it took him a year to learn the alphabet. He could never figure out how to add or subtract. His worst subject, however, was geography. It was inconceivable to him that there are hundreds of countries in the world, each with a different spoken language. Every single word of his own language felt so inevitable that he thought it would be a crime against nature to call a cow or a bird anything different.<\/p>\n

Ho Muoi could not even conceive of two<\/em> countries sharing this same earth. “Countries” in the plural sounds like either a tautology or an oxymoron. “Country,” “earth” and “universe” were all synonymous in his mind.<\/p>\n

Ho Muoi’s teacher was a very sophisticated young man from Hanoi. He was the only one within a fifty-mile radius who had ever read a newspaper or who owned even a single book. He even fancied himself a poet in his spare time. He did not mind teaching a bunch of village idiots, however, because it spared him from the bombs and landmines that were the fate of his contemporaries. In the evening he could be found in his dark room reading a Russian novel. The teacher was short and scrawny and had a habit of shutting his eyes tight and sticking his lips out when concentrating. Still, it was odd that he managed to attract no women in a village almost entirely emptied of its young men.<\/p>\n

Whenever this teacher was exasperated with his charge he would shout “!” but no one knew what the word meant or what language it was in so it was dismissed as a sort of a sneeze or a clearing of the throat.<\/p>\n

At twelve, something happened to Ho Muoi that would change his whole outlook on life. He was walking home from school when he saw a crowd gathering around three men who were at least two heads taller than the average person. The men had a pink, almost red complexion and their hair varied from a bright orange to a whitish yellow. They were not unfriendly and allowed people to tug at the abundant hair growing on their arms. “Wonderful creatures,” Ho Muoi thought as he stared at them, transfixed. One of the men noticed Ho Muoi and started to say something. The words were rapid, like curses, but the man was smiling as he was saying them. All eyes turned to look at Ho Muoi. Some people started to laugh and he wanted to laugh along with them but he could not. Suddenly his face flushed and he felt an intense hatred against these foreign men. If he had a gun he would have shot them already. Without premeditation he blurted out “!” then ran away.<\/p>\n

When Ho Muoi got home his heart was still beating wildly. The excitement of blurting out a magical word, a word he did not know the meaning of, was overwhelming. He also remembered the look of shock on the man’s face after the word had left his mouth. He repeated “!” several times and felt its power each time.<\/p>\n

Ho Muoi would think about this incident for years afterward. He recalled how he was initially enraged by a series of foreign words, and that he had retaliated with a foreign word of his own. In his mind, foreign words became equated with a terrible power. The fact that his own language would be foreign to a foreigner never occurred to him.<\/p>\n

The incident also turned Ho Muoi into a celebrity. The villagers would recall with relish how one of their own, a twelve-year-old boy, had “stood up to a foreigner” by hurling a curse at him in his own language. Many marveled at the boy’s intelligence for knowing how to use a foreign word, heard maybe once or twice in passing, on just the right occasion and with authority. They even suggested to the schoolteacher that he teach “the boy genius” all the foreign words from his Russian novels.<\/p>\n

The schoolteacher never got around to doing this. He was drafted soon after, sent south, and was never heard from again. As for Ho Muoi, he became convinced that, given the opportunity, he could quickly learn any foreign language. This opportunity came after Ho Muoi himself was drafted into the Army.<\/p>\n

His battalion served in the Central Highlands, along the Truong, guarding supply lines. They rarely made contact with the enemy but whenever they did, Ho Muoi acquitted himself miserably. He often froze and had to be literally kicked into action. What was perceived by his comrades as cowardice, however, was not so much a fear of physical pain as the dread that he would not be allowed to fulfill his destiny.<\/p>\n

The war was an outrage, Ho Muoi thought, not because it was wiping out thousands of people a day, the young, the old, and the unborn, but that it could exterminate a man of destiny like himself. And yet he understood that wars also provide many lessons to those who survived them. A war is a working man’s university. Knowing that, he almost felt grateful.<\/p>\n

Ho Muoi also had the superstition (or the inspiration) that if the war eliminates a single book from this earth, then that would be a greater loss than all the lives wasted. The death of a man affects three or four other individuals, at most. Its significance is symbolic and sentimental, but the lost of a single book is tangible, a disaster which should be mourned forever by all of mankind. The worth of a society is measured by how many books it has produced. This, from a man who had never actually read a book. Ho Muoi had seen so few books, he could not tell one from another; they were all equal in his mind. He never suspected that war is the chief generator of books. A war is a thinking man’s university.<\/p>\n

In 1970 or 1971, after a brief skirmish, they caught an American soldier whom they kept for about thirty days. The prisoner was made to march along with Ho Muoi’s battalion until he fell ill and died (he was not badly injured). This man was given the same ration as the others but the food did not agree with him. Once, they even gave him an extra helping of orangutan meat, thinking it would restore his health.<\/p>\n

As the prisoner sank into delirium, the color drained from his face but his eyes lit up. He would blather for hours on end. No one paid him any attention but Ho Muoi. In his tiny notebook he would record as much of the man’s rambling as possible. These phonetic notations became the source for Ho Muoi’s English lessons after the war. I’ve seen pages from the notebook. Its lines often ran diagonally from one corner to another. A typical run-on sentence: “hoo he hoo ah utta ma nut m pap m home.”<\/p>\n

The notebook also includes numerous sketches of the American. Each portrait was meant as a visual clue to the words swarming around it. Ho Muoi’s skills as an artist were so poor, however, that the face depicted always appeared the same, that of a young man, any man, really, who has lost all touch with the world.<\/p>\n

Ho Muoi was hoping his unit would catch at least one more American so he could continue his English lesson, but this tutor never materialized, unfortunately.<\/p>\n

Though all the English he had was contained within a single notebook, Ho Muoi was not discouraged. The American must have spoken just about every word there was in his native language, he reasoned, through all those nights of raving. And the invisible words can be inferred from the visible ones.<\/p>\n

Words are like numbers, he further reasoned, a closed system with a small set of self-generated rules. And words arranged on a page resemble a dull, monotonous painting. If one could look at the weirdest picture and decipher, sooner or later, its organizing principle, why can’t one do the same with words?<\/p>\n

Everything seems chaotic at first, but nothing is chaotic. One can read anything: ants crawling on the ground; pimples on a face; trees in a forest. Fools will argue with you about this, but any surface can be deciphered. The entire world, as seen from an airplane, is just a warped surface.<\/p>\n

A man may fancy he’s making an abstract painting, but there is no such thing as an abstract painting, only abstracted ones. Every horizontal surface is a landscape because it features a horizon (thus implying a journey, escape from the self, and the unreachable). Every vertical surface is either a door or a portrait (thus implying a house, another being, yourself as another being, and the unreachable). And all colors have shared and private associations. Red may inspire horror in one culture, elation in another, but it is still red, is still blood. Green always evokes trees and a pretty green dress.<\/p>\n

Ho Muoi also believed that anything made by man can be duplicated: a chair, a gun, a language, provided one has the raw materials, as he did, with his one notebook of phonetic notations. If one can break apart a clock and reassemble it, one can scramble up phonetic notations and rearrange them in newer combinations, thus ending up with not just a language, but a literature.<\/p>\n

At the time of his arrest, Ho Muoi was teaching hundreds of students beginning, intermediary and advanced English three nights a week. For twenty-five years, he had taught his students millions of vocabulary words. He had patiently explained to them the intricacies of English grammar, complete with built-in inconsistencies. He had even given them English poems and short stories (written by himself and the more advanced students) to read. When interrogated at the police station, however, our English teacher proved ignorant of the most basic knowledge of the language. He did not know the verb “to be” or “to do.” He did not know there is a past tense in English. He had never heard of Shakespeare and was not even aware that Australians and Englishmen also speak English.<\/p>\n

In Ho Muoi’s made-up English, there are not five but twenty-four vowels. The new nuances in pronunciation force each student to fine-tune his ear to the level of the finest musician. There is a vast vocabulary for pain and bamboo but no equivalent for cheese. Any adjective can be used as a verb. I will hot you<\/em>, for example, or, Don’t red me<\/em>. There are so many personal pronouns, each one denoting an exact relationship between speaker and subject, that even the most brilliant student cannot master them all.<\/p>\n

By sheer coincidence, some of Ho Muoi’s made-up English words correspond exactly with actual English. In his system, a cat is also called a cat; a tractor, a tractor; and a rose, inevitably, perhaps, a rose.<\/p>\n

Some of his more curious inventions include blanket<\/em>, to denote a husband. Basin<\/em>, to denote a wife. Pin prick<\/em>: a son. A leaky faucet<\/em>: a daughter.<\/p>\n

Ho Muoi’s delusion was so absolute, however, that after he was sentenced to twenty-five years for “defrauding the people,” he asked to be allowed to take to prison a “Dictionary of the English Language” and a “Dictionary of English Slang,” two volumes he himself had compiled, so that “I can continue my life studies.”<\/p>\n

It is rumored that many of his former students have banded together to continue their English lessons. Harassed by the police, they must hold their nightly meetings in underground bunkers, lit by oil lamps. Their strange syllables, carried by the erratic winds, crosshatch the surrounding countryside.<\/p>\n

But why are they doing this? You ask. Don’t they know they are studying a false language?<\/p>\n

As the universal language-for now-English represents to these students the rest of the world. English is<\/em> the world. These students also know that Vietnam, as it exists, is not of this world. To cling even to a false English is to insist on another reality.<\/p>\n

A bogus English is better than no English, is better, in fact, than actual English, since it corresponds to no English or American reality.<\/p>\n

Hoo he hoo ah utta ma nut m pap m home. Son Mountain<\/p>\n

from the collection Blood and Soap<\/em> (New York: Seven Stories Press 2004)<\/p>\n

\u0110inh Linh<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

——————————————————-<\/p>\n

Phan Nhi\u00ean H\u1ea1o chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh<\/a>, trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

(d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh \u201c!”)<\/em><\/p>\n

Phan Nhi\u00ean H\u1ea1o<\/p>\n

B\u00e1o C\u00f4ng Nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2000 \u0111\u0103ng b\u1ea3n tin \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 gi\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t \u1ea3 Ng\u00f4 Th\u1ecb Ngh\u00ea n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh y khoa su\u1ed1t m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m v\u1edbi m\u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0 \u1ea3 \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111o\u00e1n, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ee7 m\u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3. \u1ea2 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y khoa, b\u1ed9 \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng tr\u1eafng, \u1ed1ng nghe, b\u00f4 \u1ec9a, \u1ed1ng ch\u00edch, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c y khoa tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u1ea3 ch\u01b0a h\u1ecdc h\u1ebft l\u1edbp 8. Tuy v\u1eady, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u1eed vong c\u1ee7a \u1ea3, so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e1c s\u0129 kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 \u1ea3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0i b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, sau khi chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ecb phanh phui, v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u m\u1ea1ng h\u1ecd. “V\u1ecb b\u00e1c s\u0129 nh\u00e2n \u00e1i\u201d, m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp th\u1eddi nay \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o tr\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng g\u00e2y ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec7n lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0m \u0103n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, tuy v\u1eady, l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean Anh ng\u1eef d\u1ecfm. Sau khi t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, t\u00f4i xin x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi sinh n\u0103m 1952 \u1edf l\u00e0ng K\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ed5ng. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1eafn s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec1 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1o cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u00e1o b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tranh. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ed1 h\u1eafn nghi\u1ec7n r\u01b0\u1ee3u b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 ra \u0111i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u00e1u tu\u1ed5i, H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec1 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean b\u1ed1. M\u1eb9 h\u1eafn nu\u00f4i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ee9a con b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec1 g\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 g\u00e1nh ph\u00e2n b\u1eafc ban \u0111\u00eam, m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecdc g\u00e3y l\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m b\u00e0 ta l\u00f9n m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i ph\u00e2n. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng b\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh kh\u00fac b\u00e1n trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y h\u1ed9i.
\nL\u00e0ng K\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ed5ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00ec h\u1ed9i m\u1ed3ng N\u0103m th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang, t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y hai ng\u00e0n n\u0103m. Ng\u00e0y h\u1ed9i bao g\u1ed3m tr\u00f2 b\u1eaft v\u1ecbt, con trai \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1eadt, con g\u00e1i thi l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh kh\u00fac, v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m b\u1edfi chi\u1ebfn tranh, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c r\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn r\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1o m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 quang c\u1ea3nh con trai, con g\u00e1i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ean b\u00f3ng m\u00faa may nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh n\u1ed9m th\u00fa v\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sinh d\u1ee5c c\u1eafm tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn tre, gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1m kh\u00f3i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 \u0111inh tai c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ni\u1ec1m vui h\u1ed9i h\u00e8 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed7i n\u0103m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. Th\u1eddi gian c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft thanh ni\u00ean b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, g\u1edfi \u0111i xa v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1. Nh\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0ng K\u1ef3 \u00d0\u1ed5ng.
\nKhi H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean m\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1eb9 cho h\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1eafn r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t n\u0103m m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc xong b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i. H\u1eafn ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e1n c\u1ed9ng tr\u1eeb. T\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. Ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c n\u1ed5i h\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed7i t\u1eeb trong v\u1ed1n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i h\u1eafn ngh\u0129 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu g\u1ecdi b\u00f2 hay chim b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean g\u00ec kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p g\u1ed1c H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t trong v\u00f2ng b\u00e1n k\u00ednh n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i d\u1eb7m t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u00fac nh\u00e0n r\u1ed7i. Y kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n chuy\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 l\u0169 ng\u1ed1c trong l\u00e0ng, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e1nh cho y bom m\u00ecn m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng trang l\u1ee9a ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Nga trong c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng t\u00f9 m\u00f9. Y th\u1ea5p l\u00f9n, g\u1ea7y g\u00f2, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen nh\u1eafm nghi\u1ec1n m\u1eaft, m\u1ecf chu ra m\u1ed7i khi t\u1eadp trung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u0169ng l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 y ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn n\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00f4 g\u00e1i n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1i l\u00e0ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eafng h\u1eb3n thanh ni\u00ean n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i khi b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1m h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2, tay th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t ra m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau “!” m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ai hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a hay th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng g\u00ec, n\u00ean n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i nh\u1ea3y m\u0169i hay h\u1eafng gi\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

L\u00fac m\u01b0\u1eddi hai tu\u1ed5i, chuy\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u01a1i. H\u1eafn \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 th\u00ec tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e2y quanh ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng cao h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i da h\u1ed3ng h\u00e0o, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecf, t\u00f3c m\u00e0u cam s\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0ng tr\u1eafng. H\u1ecd th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9o nh\u1eefng ch\u00f9m l\u00f4ng r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh tay. “Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi\u201d, H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 trong khi nh\u00ecn ch\u0103m ch\u0103m. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i nhanh, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ta m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi trong khi n\u00f3i. M\u1ecdi con m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed5 d\u1ed3n v\u00e0o H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1 l\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u1eafn c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n c\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean h\u1eafn \u0111\u1ecf m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u0103m gh\u00e9t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u00fang h\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn b\u1ecdn n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 ng\u1ee3i g\u00ec, h\u1eafn phun ra ti\u1ebfng \u201c!” r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 tim H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb m\u00e0 h\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ngh\u0129a, tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n. H\u1eafn nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kinh ng\u1ea1c tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng khi t\u1eeb \u1ea5y tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi mi\u1ec7ng h\u1eafn. H\u1eafn l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i \u201c!” v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 n\u00e0\u1ef5 H\u1eafn nh\u1edb \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ecdc gi\u1eadn b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t tr\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, r\u1ed3i h\u1eafn d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u0169a. Trong \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1eafn, ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. H\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd suy ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ebfn H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong l\u00e0ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong b\u1ecdn h\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb m\u01b0\u1eddi hai tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u00e3 “d\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i\u201d, m\u1eafng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00ec \u00f3c th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb bi\u1ebft ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef. H\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb tay th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o d\u1eady cho “th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng” to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Nga c\u1ee7a y.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Y b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i Nam, r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, h\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi sau khi ch\u00ednh h\u1eafn b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n \u1edf cao nguy\u00ean Trung ph\u1ea7n, d\u1ecdc d\u00e3y Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp v\u1eadn. H\u1ecd \u00edt khi ch\u1ea1m m\u1eb7t k\u1ebb th\u00f9, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee5ng tr\u1eadn, bao gi\u1edd H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u1ea9n tr\u1ed1n th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i. H\u1eafn th\u01b0\u1eddng co r\u00fam l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00edt \u0111\u1ec3 xung tr\u1eadn, \u0111\u00fang theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn cho l\u00e0 h\u00e8n nh\u00e1t th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i kinh ho\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng h\u1eafn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t thi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u1ec9 \u1ed5i, H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n sinh m\u1ea1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, gi\u00e0, tr\u1ebb, nh\u1eefng tr\u1ebb ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp ra \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft li\u1ec5u nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb sinh ra v\u1edbi thi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 h\u1eafn. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c h\u1eafn hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111em l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho k\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t. Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1eafn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ea t\u00edn (hay c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng) r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn tranh ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t c\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c ph\u00ed ph\u1ea1m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n nh\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch. H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 \u00edt s\u00e1ch, h\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed1n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1n kia; ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 nhau trong \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1eafn. H\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch. Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb s\u0129.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1970 hay 1971, sau cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u1eafn b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u00ednh M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef t\u00ean n\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0y. T\u00ean t\u00f9 binh b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u00e3 b\u1ec7nh r\u1ed3i ch\u1ebft (t\u00ean n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb7ng). T\u00ean t\u00f9 binh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f9ng kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c ph\u00e0m nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1p v\u1edbi y. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n h\u1ecd c\u00f2n cho y th\u00eam th\u1ecbt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecf, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00f3n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap y h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

L\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 binh r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u01a1n m\u00ea s\u1ea3ng, m\u1eb7t y t\u00e1i nh\u1ee3t nh\u01b0ng m\u1eaft long l\u00ean. Y l\u1ea3m nh\u1ea3m h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd li\u1ec1n. Ch\u1eb3ng ai ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn y ngo\u00e0i H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 tay nh\u1ecf x\u00edu h\u1eafn c\u1ed1 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ea3m nh\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a t\u00ean t\u00f9 binh. Nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00fa k\u00fd \u00e2m n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc Anh ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi sau chi\u1ebfn tranh. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng trang s\u1ed5 tay, \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u ch\u1ea1y su\u1ed1t g\u00f3c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f3c kia. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u: “hoo he hoo ah utta ma nut m pap m home\u201d. <\/em><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 tay c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda ch\u00e2n dung ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9. M\u1ed7i ch\u00e2n dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 minh h\u1ecda cho \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb chi ch\u00edt xung quanh. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00e0i ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ecda s\u0129 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 t\u1ed3i n\u00ean nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhau, khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng tr\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ea5t li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ebd b\u1eaft th\u00eam \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u00ednh M\u1ef9 n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1eafn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc Anh ng\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfc thay, t\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u1ed1n li\u1ebfng Anh ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 g\u00f3i g\u1ecdn trong cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 tay, H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng n\u1ea3n ch\u00ed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 binh M\u1ef9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a y, h\u1eafn l\u00fd l\u1ebd, trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam m\u00ea s\u1ea3ng. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1, h\u1eafn suy di\u1ec5n, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n, \u0111\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu s\u1edbm mu\u1ed9n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c b\u1ee9c tranh k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi t\u1eeb ng\u1eef?<\/p>\n

Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u: nh\u1eefng con ki\u1ebfn b\u00f2 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1ee5n tr\u1ee9ng c\u00e1 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t, c\u00e2y trong r\u1eebng. M\u1ecdi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb m\u00e1y bay, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cong o\u1eb1n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang v\u1ebd tranh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 tranh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (hay b\u1ecb) tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e1. M\u1ed7i m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng n\u1eb1m ngang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong c\u1ea3nh b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi. M\u1ed7i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 chung v\u00e0 ri\u00eang. M\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i kinh ho\u00e0ng trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y, hay h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u00e1u. M\u00e0u xanh l\u1ee5c lu\u00f4n g\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e2y l\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u00e1o d\u00e0i xanh xinh \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng tin r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p: chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf, kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0 h\u1eafn c\u00f3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 tay v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa k\u00fd \u00e2m. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o ra r\u1ed3i l\u1eafp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi\u00ean x\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u00e2m thanh th\u00e0nh m\u00f3n m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, H\u1ed3 Mu\u1eddi \u0111ang d\u1ea1y Anh v\u0103n v\u00e0i tr\u0103m h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1eeb v\u1ee1 l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ebfn trung, cao c\u1ea5p, m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n ba \u0111\u00eam. Su\u1ed1t hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m, h\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 cho h\u1ecdc sinh h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng. H\u1eafn ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m ti\u1ebfng Anh. H\u1eafn th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0a th\u01a1 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh (vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh h\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1edbp cao c\u1ea5p) cho h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ecdc. Tuy v\u1eady, l\u00fac b\u1ecb th\u1ea9m v\u1ea5n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3n c\u00f4ng an, v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Anh v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta cho th\u1ea5y y thi\u1ebfu ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y. H\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb “to be<\/em>” hay “to do<\/em>\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb Anh ng\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u00ec qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. H\u1eafn ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd nghe t\u00ean Shakespeare v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n \u00dac v\u00e0 d\u00e2n Anh c\u00f9ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng Anh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u0103m m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean \u00e2m. C\u00e1c s\u1eafc th\u00e1i ph\u00e1t \u00e2m m\u1edbi n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp l\u1ed7 tai th\u1ea9m \u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb cho “\u0111au \u0111\u1edbn<\/em>” v\u00e0 “tre<\/em>” nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng cho “ph\u00f3-m\u00e1t<\/em>\u201d. M\u1ecdi t\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb. “Tao s\u1ebd n\u00f3ng m\u00e0y<\/em>” ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, hay “\u00d0\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecf tao<\/em>\u201d. C\u00f3 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng, m\u1ed7i t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho t\u1eebng quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe, m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh th\u00f4ng minh nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng h\u1ebft.
\nHo\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0i t\u1eeb trong th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng Anh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p y chang ti\u1ebfng Anh th\u1eadt. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn, m\u00e8o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e8o; xe m\u00e1y k\u00e9o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 xe m\u00e1y k\u00e9o; m\u1ed9t b\u00f4ng h\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00f4ng h\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn bao g\u1ed3m t\u1eeb “c\u00e1i m\u1ec1n<\/em>” \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng; “c\u00e1i ch\u1eadu<\/em>” \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3; “c\u00e2y kim d\u00f9i<\/em>“: \u0111\u1ee9a con trai; “v\u00f2i n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ec9<\/em>“: \u0111\u1ee9a con g\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 M\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9, sau khi b\u1ecb tuy\u00ean \u00e1n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m n\u0103m t\u00f9 v\u00ec t\u1ed9i “l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d, h\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p mang v\u00e0o t\u00f9 b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Anh ng\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u1eeb l\u00f3ng Anh, hai b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch do ch\u00ednh h\u1eafn bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, “\u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nghe \u0111\u1ed3n c\u00e1c c\u1ef1u h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh. B\u1ecb c\u00f4ng an theo d\u00f5i, b\u1ecdn h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdc ban \u0111\u00eam trong c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, th\u1eafp \u0111\u00e8n d\u1ea7u. Nh\u1eefng \u00e2m ti\u1ebft k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang \u0111i b\u1edfi c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, qu\u00e9t qua kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u00ea.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng sao h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111ang h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef sai l\u1ea1c sao?<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00e0y, ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft Vi\u1ec7t Nam, trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng Anh gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eb3ng quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng Anh d\u1ecfm c\u00f2n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng Anh n\u00e0o, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ti\u1ebfng Anh th\u1eadt, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i Anh hay M\u1ef9 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Hoo he hoo ah utta ma nut m pap m home<\/em>.<\/p>\n

(b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/a>, c\u1ee7a Phan Nhi\u00ean H\u1ea1o, trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As the universal language-for now-English represents to these students the rest of the world. English is the world. These students also know that Vietnam, as it exists, is not of this world. To cling even to a false English is to insist on another reality. <\/p>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00e0y, ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft Vi\u1ec7t Nam, trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng Anh gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eb3ng quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":388,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[221,258,26,22,210,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16019","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cac-so-da-mau-dinh-ky","category-da-mau-so-30","category-dich-thuat","category-sang-tac","category-song-ngu","category-truyen-ngan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16019","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/388"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16019"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16019\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16020,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16019\/revisions\/16020"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16019"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16019"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16019"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}