{"id":15678,"date":"2010-08-30T00:04:00","date_gmt":"2010-08-30T00:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/archives\/15678"},"modified":"2022-03-01T01:03:06","modified_gmt":"2022-03-01T01:03:06","slug":"ngoc-quynh-hoa-hay-ngoc-kinh-hoa-ve-cach-doc-va-hieu-mot-cau-trong-bai-tho-tien-cua-chua-lieu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/15678\/ngoc-quynh-hoa-hay-ngoc-kinh-hoa-ve-cach-doc-va-hieu-mot-cau-trong-bai-tho-tien-cua-chua-lieu","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u1ecdc Quýnh Hoa hay Ng\u1ecdc Kinh Hoa: v\u1ec1 cách \u0111\u1ecdc và hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t câu trong bài th\u01a1 tiên c\u1ee7a chúa Li\u1ec5u"},"content":{"rendered":"

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K<\/i>\u00ednh t\u1eb7ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1edbi th\u1ea7y B\u00f9i Duy T\u00e2n
<\/i>-Chu<\/b> Xu\u00e2n Giao &<\/b> Phan Lan H\u01b0\u01a1ng
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V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 trong khung c\u1ea3nh H\u1ed3 T\u00e2y<\/b>, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i
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M\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n (c\u1eeda tam quan) c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh (ph\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh) Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3
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L\u1eddi m\u1edf<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111i\u1ec1n d\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea1i Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3, m\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3n s\u01a1n son th\u1ebfp v\u00e0ng treo trong Ph\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh \u2013 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ee7 \u2013 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i th\u1ea5t ng\u00f4n t\u1ee9 tuy\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng l\u1ed1i ch\u1eef th\u1ea3o[1]<\/a>, tuy kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1eaft m\u1eaft (xin xem \u1ea2nh<\/b> <\/b>1 <\/b>c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft). Xin t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi b\u00e0i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u01a1 ti\u00ean<\/i>[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean, nh\u01b0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nay th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean \u00e2m H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n

\u201cNh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u00e2n Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa<\/u><\/i>\u201d (ho\u1eb7c \u201cNh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u00e2n ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa<\/i>\u201d, \u201cNh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u00e2n ng\u1ecdc qu\u1ef3nh hoa<\/i>\u201d, \u201cNh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u00e2n Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh hoa<\/i>\u201d,\u2026)<\/p>\n

v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0: \u201cTa l\u00e0 ti\u00ean tr\u1eddi Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa<\/u><\/i>\u201d (ho\u1eb7c \u201cTa l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi, t\u00ean Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa<\/i>\u201d, \u201cTa l\u00e0 hoa ng\u1ecdc qu\u1ef3nh, l\u00e0 ti\u00ean tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi<\/i>\u201d, \u201cTa l\u00e0 tinh hoa Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh c\u1ee7a ti\u00ean tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi<\/i>\u201d, \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean n\u00fai l\u1edbn Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa<\/i>\u201d, \u201cM\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf n\u00fai Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa<\/i>\u201d, \u201cM\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 ti\u00ean \u1edf Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00ecnh<\/i>\u201d,\u2026).<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quan t\u00e2m n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1ch phi\u00ean \u00e2m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a ba ch\u1eef cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u th\u01a1: ng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ef3nh-hoa<\/u><\/i>. C\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch phi\u00ean \u00e2m kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdc-qu\u00fdnh-hoa<\/u><\/i> hay ng\u1ecdc-kinh-hoa<\/u><\/i>, l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdc-m\u1edfn-hoa <\/u><\/i>(ng\u1ecdc-qu<\/u><\/i>\u1ea1nh<\/u><\/i>-hoa<\/u><\/i>). Tuy nhi\u00ean, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ef3nh-hoa<\/i> v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00e2m \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ef3nh-hoa<\/i>, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa,<\/i> <\/b>ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa<\/i>, ng\u1ecdc qu\u1ef3nh hoa<\/i>, Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh hoa<\/i>) ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 3 ch\u1eef \u0111\u00f3: \u201ct\u00ean<\/i> [l\u00e0] Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa<\/i>\u201d, \u201cl\u00e0 hoa ng\u1ecdc qu\u1ef3nh<\/i>\u201d, \u201cl\u00e0 tinh hoa Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh<\/i>\u201d,\u2026.<\/p>\n

Qua c\u00e1c c\u1ee9 li\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n (c\u1ea3 H\u00e1n N\u00f4m v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1i Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c), v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qua k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n nh\u1eefng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u (cung v\u0103n, ph\u00e1p s\u01b0, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1n) tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn sau \u0111\u00e2y. Ba ch\u1eef cu\u1ed1i trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdc-qu\u00fdnh-hoa<\/i><\/b>. C\u00f2n ng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ef3nh-hoa<\/i><\/b> hay ng\u1ecdc-m\u1edfn-hoa<\/i><\/b> (ng\u1ecdc-qu<\/i><\/b>\u1ea1nh<\/i><\/b>-hoa<\/i><\/b>) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc sai (trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, ng\u1ecdc-k\u00ednh-hoa<\/i><\/b> \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i \u00fd t\u1eeb ng\u1ecdc-kinh-hoa<\/i><\/b> \u2013 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn). H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ef3nh-hoa<\/i> quen d\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nay \u2013 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u2013 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n t\u1ef1 hay ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef trong ba ch\u1eef \u0111\u00f3, l\u00ed do m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u00e2m \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ef3nh-hoa<\/i> c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00e2m linh: n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee5c ki\u00eang h\u00fay t\u00ean hi\u1ec7u trong t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1edd M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u00ednh ngoa, hay ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00ednh ngoa, cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc quen d\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nay trong gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian n\u00f3i chung, trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1edd M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian n\u00f3i ri\u00eang. \u1ede \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 \u201ct\u1eadp c\u1ed5\u201d c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Nho v\u00e0 B\u00f9i Duy T\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990. Hai \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau \u0111\u00ednh ngoa cho c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a vua L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng ca ng\u1ee3i Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i: \u201c\u1ee8c Trai t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng quang khu\u00ea t\u1ea3o<\/i>\u201d (v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u sai trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u201c\u1ee8c Trai l\u00f2ng s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 sao Khu\u00ea<\/i>\u201d, m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ra, ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 \u201cL\u00f2ng \u1ee8c Trai r\u1ea1ng t\u1ecfa v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/i>\u201d) [V\u0169 Nho 1992, B\u00f9i Duy T\u00e2n 1993[3]<\/a>]. Khu\u00ea t\u1ea3o<\/i> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/i>, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u sai \u0111i th\u00e0nh sao Khu\u00ea<\/i> s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi cao \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t. \u201cSai m\u1ed9t ly, \u0111i m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 80, khi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m 600 n\u0103m n\u0103m sinh Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch sai n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u,<\/i> ai c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khen nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf !\u201d [B\u00f9i Duy T\u00e2n 1999 : 95; nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh b\u1edfi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady]. Xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1eddi c\u1ea3m kh\u00e1i b\u1ed9c tr\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a B\u00f9i Duy T\u00e2n khi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u sai \u201cv\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u\u201d \u1ea5y, r\u1eb1ng: \u201csai n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3, \u0111ang v\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn bao gi\u1edd<\/i> !\u201d [s\u0111d : 95].<\/p>\n

1. <\/b>B\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y \u1edf Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng, b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t trong V\u00e2n C\u00e1t th\u1ea7n n\u1eef truy\u1ec7n<\/i> (VCTN) \u2013 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng H\u00e1n v\u0103n v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u, n\u1eb1m trong t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Truy\u1ec1n k\u00ec t\u00e2n ph\u1ea3<\/i> (TKTP) c\u1ee7a n\u1eef s\u0129 \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m (1705 -1748). B\u1ea3n in kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7 TKTP nay c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n in v\u00e0o n\u0103m Gia Long 10 (1811) b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ch L\u1ea1c Thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0u t\u1ea1i Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u H\u00e1n N\u00f4m.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian c\u00f3 l\u01b0u t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn VCTN v\u00e0 m\u1ea3ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1nh cho r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb VCTN c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m (\u201cs\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u00e0), M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thi nh\u00e2n hay m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 th\u01a1 trong VCTN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 do M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c.\u201dC\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 sau n\u00e0y, b\u00e0 ch\u00faa Li\u1ec5u c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n trong c\u00f5i si\u00eau tr\u1ea7n. Nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n ch\u00f9a, \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ee7, th\u01b0\u1eddng cho ra \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u01a1 ca, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 do ch\u00faa Li\u1ec5u gi\u00e1ng b\u00fat ! (…) \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i do c\u00e1c ch\u00ed s\u0129 \u0111\u1eb7t ra, b\u00ed m\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n danh Th\u00e1nh M\u1eabu. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1ng b\u00fat c\u1ee7a n\u1eef th\u1ea7n, h\u1ecd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tai nghe m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t !\u201d [V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1nh, Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Ty ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean 1990 : 12-13].<\/p>\n

Trong VCTN, b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1eddi trong m\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c x\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecda th\u01a1 v\u0103n gi\u1eefa Tr\u1ea1ng B\u00f9ng Ph\u00f9ng Kh\u1eafc Khoan (1528-1613) v\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u (khi \u1ea5y th\u1ee7 vai ch\u1ee7 qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u00f3 c\u00e1i bi\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 phong nguy\u1ec7t <\/i>\u2013 m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 ng\u00e0y nay). Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n to\u00e0n b\u00e0i nh\u01b0 sau (theo \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m c – Tr\u1ea7n \u00cdch Nguy\u00ean 2007: 197; t\u1ea1m d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch phi\u00ean \u00e2m ng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ef3nh-hoa<\/u><\/i>):<\/p>\n

\u96f2\u4f5c\u8863\u88f3\u98a8\u4f5c\u8eca V\u00e2n t\u00e1c y th\u01b0\u1eddng phong t\u00e1c xa<\/i><\/p>\n

\u671d\u904a\u515c\u7387\u66ae\u7159\u971e Tri\u00eau du \u0111\u00e2u su\u1ea5t m\u1ed9 y\u00ean h\u00e0<\/i><\/p>\n

\u4e16\u4eba\u6b32\u8b58\u543e\u540d\u59d3 Th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n d\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c ng\u00f4 danh t\u00ednh<\/i><\/p>\n

\u58f9\u5927\u5c71\u4eba\u7389\u657b\u82b1 Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u00e2n ng\u1ecdc qu\u1ef3nh hoa<\/u><\/i><\/p>\n

\u1ede b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ai l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 (Ph\u00f9ng Kh\u1eafc Khoan, \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3), m\u00e0 t\u1ea1m xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

\"clip_image006\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u1ea2nh 1<\/b>: T\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3n s\u01a1n s\u01a1n th\u1ebfp v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean treo \u1edf Ph\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh <\/i>(01. 2007)<\/p>\n

T\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 hay du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 v\u00e3n c\u1ea3nh Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c chung l\u00e0 t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 hay m\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ch\u00faa Li\u1ec5u \u0111\u00e3 x\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecda th\u01a1 v\u0103n v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea1ng B\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c H\u00e1n v\u0103n, ng\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00ecn l\u00ean c\u1ed5ng Ph\u1ee7 <\/i>\u2013 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, nay tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5ng ph\u1ee5 <\/i>\u2013 ta th\u1ea5y ngay h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n P<\/i>hong \u0111\u00e0i nguy\u1ec7t c\u00e1c<\/i> (\u0110\u00e0i gi\u00f3 g\u00e1c tr\u0103ng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eafp n\u1ed5i. B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o Ph\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh, ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y b\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t s\u00e1t n\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 phong nguy\u1ec7t<\/i> (Gi\u00f3 tr\u0103ng T\u00e2y H\u1ed3) c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn s\u01a1n \u0111en tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n th\u1ebfp v\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3n s\u01a1n son tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef th\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebfp v\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang bay l\u00ean (xem \u1ea2nh 1<\/b>). C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c x\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecda \u1ea5y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef, hay l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 h\u1eefu \u00fd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecdc k\u0129 h\u01a1n th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3n treo \u1edf Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp \u1edf m\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 so v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c trong VCTN c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u1edf nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

2. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u <\/b>ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 ba<\/b> <\/b>ch\u1eef cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean<\/b><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 ba ch\u1eef cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean, l\u00e0: ng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ef3nh-hoa<\/i>, ng\u1ecdc-m\u1edfn-hoa <\/i>(ng\u1ecdc-qu<\/i>\u1ea1nh<\/i>-hoa<\/i>), ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fdnh hoa<\/i>, ng\u1ecdc kinh hoa<\/i>. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 hai c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00fang. C\u00f2n hai c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc sau th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong m\u1ee5c 3.<\/p>\n

2.1. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ef3nh-hoa <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, ng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ef3nh-hoa<\/i> l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t cu\u1ed1n TKTP v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1960 c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb t\u00fac nho l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 L\u1eadp Chi v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e1p. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a hai \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ra m\u1eaft b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc n\u0103m 1963, sau n\u00e0y, nh\u00f3m V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u1ea5y v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1n V\u00e2n C\u00e1t th\u1ea7n n\u1eef<\/i> xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1990.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 sau (\u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u, xin d\u1eabn c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ecbch b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n) [chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eabn t\u1eeb V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1nh, Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Ty ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean 1990 : 38-39]:<\/p>\n

\u201cBa ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 Ph\u00f9ng Kh\u1eafc Khoan v\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n, ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a CXG \u2013 li\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n l\u00fac c\u00f3 tr\u0103ng ai v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 n\u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ebfn v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng sau l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 c\u0169 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda g\u00ec c\u1ea3, to nh\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 nghe ti\u1ebfng ve s\u1ea7u k\u00eau ve ve \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00e2y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfu \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y ng\u1ed3i ch\u01a1i, ch\u1ee3t th\u1ea5y th\u00e2n c\u00e2y c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef tri\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

V\u00e2n t\u00e1c y th\u01b0\u1eddng, phong t\u00e1c xa,
<\/i>Chi\u00eau du \u0111\u00e2u xu\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9 y\u00ean h\u00e0
<\/i>Th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n d\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c ng\u00f4 danh t\u00ednh
<\/i>\u201cNh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u00e2n ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

(Ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u1ea5t\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cthi\u00ean\u201d, ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cs\u01a1n\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cti\u00ean\u201d )<\/i><\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch:<\/p>\n

L\u1ea5y m\u00e2y l\u00e0m xi\u00eam \u00e1o, l\u1ea5y gi\u00f3 l\u00e0m xe
Bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng \u0111i ch\u01a1i v\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi \u201c\u0111\u00e2u xu\u1ea5t\u201d
Bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u ngao du n\u01a1i m\u00e2y kh\u00f3i
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ta
Ta \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi t\u00ean l\u00e0 Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa<\/i><\/p>\n

L\u00fd sinh n\u00f3i: \u201cXem \u00fd c\u00e2u th\u01a1 n\u00e0y, kh\u00ed c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, chuy\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 thi\u00ean ti\u00ean, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn v\u1eady. Ph\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u00e2n \u0111em chuy\u1ec7n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i s\u1ee9 khi qua n\u00fai v\u1ec1 L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n c\u00f3 g\u1eb7p ti\u00ean n\u00f3i cho c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ea1n nghe. Ng\u00f4 sinh ng\u1eadm ng\u00f9i n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a l\u00e3o \u0111\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n. Nay m\u1edbi tin vi\u1ec7c La Th\u1eadp, T\u0103ng Nh\u1ee5 ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. Tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n xong, ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1, mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfc r\u1ebb v\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n v\u1ecdng\u201d.<\/p>\n

Sau nh\u00f3m V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1nh, nh\u00f3m Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 L\u1eadp Chi v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e1p v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 T\u1ed5ng t\u1eadp Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft ch\u1eef H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1997. \u1ede ph\u1ea7n Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/i>, Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Th\u1eafm c\u00f3 cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, \u201cb\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch. . . do Ng\u00f4 L\u1eadp Chi v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Th\u1eafm bi\u00ean t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba danh v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y\u201d. B\u1ea3n \u201cbi\u00ean t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i\u201d c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Th\u1eafm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 sau, xin \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean [Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u0129a ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean 1997 a : 396-397]:<\/p>\n

\u201cV\u00e0i th\u00e1ng sau, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 c\u0169 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda g\u00ec c\u1ea3, to nh\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 nghe ti\u1ebfng ve s\u1ea7u k\u00eau ve ve \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00e2y h\u00f2e m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y ng\u1ed3i ch\u01a1i, ch\u1ee3t th\u1ea5y th\u00e2n c\u00e2y c\u00f3 hai h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef tri\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

V\u00e2n t\u00e1c y th\u01b0\u1eddng, phong t\u00e1c xa,
<\/i>Chi\u00eau du \u0111\u00e2u xu\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9 y\u00ean h\u00e0.
<\/i>Th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n d\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c ng\u00f4 danh t\u00ednh ?
<\/i>Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u00e2n ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa !\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

L\u1ea5y m\u00e2y l\u00e0m xi\u00eam \u00e1o, l\u1ea5y gi\u00f3 l\u00e0m xe
Bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng \u0111i ch\u01a1i v\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u Su\u1ea5t.
Bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u ngao du n\u01a1i m\u00e2y kh\u00f3i.
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ta.
Ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi, t\u00ean Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa <\/i>!<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u1ea5t\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cthi\u00ean\u201d; ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cs\u01a1n\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cti\u00ean\u201d.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

– Xem \u00fd c\u00e2u th\u01a1 n\u00e0y, kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, chuy\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 l\u00e0 thi\u00ean ti\u00ean, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00f9ng C\u00f4ng g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u00e2n \u0111em chuy\u1ec7n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i s\u1ee9 khi qua n\u00fai v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1n L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n c\u00f3 g\u1eb7p ti\u00ean n\u00f3i cho hai b\u1ea1n nghe\u201d.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n VCTN (theo c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m a, b, c) th\u00ec, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, sau khi phi\u00ean \u00e2m xong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean, hai d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Ng\u00f4 L\u1eadp Chi- Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i: Ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u1ea5t\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cthi\u00ean\u201d, ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cs\u01a1n\u201d t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cti\u00ean\u201d<\/i>. D\u00f2ng n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n, b\u1edfi v\u1eady hai \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho v\u00e0o trong d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n (b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1nh gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean; \u1edf b\u1ea3n bi\u00ean t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Th\u1eafm th\u00ec, d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n b\u1ecb b\u1ecf \u0111i, d\u00f2ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 trong nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n).<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00f4 L\u1eadp Chi v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e1p c\u0169ng m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u (b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u00e2n<\/i>, l\u00e0 ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef t\u1eeb hai ch\u1eef thi\u00ean ti\u00ean<\/i>, t\u1ee9c ti\u00ean \u1edf tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi<\/i>), c\u00f2n ba ch\u1eef \u1edf n\u1eeda cu\u1ed1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch g\u00ec. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u1ea9n \u00fd c\u1ee7a ba ch\u1eef cu\u1ed1i, m\u00e0 hai \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eeda tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u th\u01a1. Hai \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc ba ch\u1eef cu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 \u201cng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa\u201d v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh \u201ct\u00ean l\u00e0 Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa\u201d. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cng\u1ecdc\u201d (vi\u1ebft nh\u1ecf) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i trong khi d\u1ecbch. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u00f3m V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1nh v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u0129a (trong nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 L\u00e2m Giang v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch V\u00e2n C\u00e1t th\u1ea7n n\u1eef c\u1ed5 l\u1ee5c<\/i> \u2013 s\u1ebd nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y) th\u00ec, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Ng\u00f4 L\u1eadp Chi, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u01a1n. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch 4 c\u00e2u th\u01a1 trong nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c ch\u1eef H\u00e1n th\u00e0nh 5 c\u00e2u trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Ng\u00f4 L\u1eadp Chi v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean qua hai l\u1ea7n nhu\u1eadn s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

Sau nh\u00f3m Ng\u00f4 L\u1eadp Chi, VCTN c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch b\u1edfi hai t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 B\u00f9i H\u1ea1nh C\u1ea9n – L\u00ea Tr\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1993. \u0110\u00e2y v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a VCTN, nh\u01b0 ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a hai t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u00ec l\u00e0 \u201cd\u1ecbch theo s\u00e1ch Truy\u1ec1n k\u1ef3 t\u00e2n ph\u1ea3<\/i> c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3ng H\u00e0 phu nh\u00e2n \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m, b\u1ea3n in g\u1ed7 n\u0103m Nguy\u1ec5n Gia Long th\u1ee9 10 \u2013 T\u00e2n M\u00f9i 1812\u201d [\u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m e – B\u00f9i H\u1ea1nh C\u1ea9n, L\u00ea Tr\u00e2n 1993 : 27]. Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m B\u00f9i H\u1ea1nh C\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 sau [s\u0111d : 46]:<\/p>\n

\u201cBa ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng tr\u1edf ra v\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh tr\u0103ng. M\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng sau tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u0103m n\u01a1i c\u0169, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 m\u00eanh mang, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 l\u1ea7u qu\u00e1n n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y g\u1ed1c h\u00f2e inh \u1ecfi ti\u1ebfng ve chi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean b\u00e3i c\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y h\u00f2e, ch\u1ee3t nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u1edf ph\u00eda c\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

V\u00e2n t\u00e1c y th\u01b0\u1eddng phong t\u00e1c xa
<\/i>Ti\u00eau du \u0110\u00e2u Su\u1ea5t m\u1ed9 y\u00ean h\u00e0
<\/i>Th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n d\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c ng\u00f4 danh t\u00ednh
<\/i>Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u00e2n Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa<\/i>.<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch:<\/p>\n

M\u00e2y l\u00e0m xi\u00eam \u00e1o gi\u00f3 l\u00e0m xe
S\u00e1ng ch\u01a1i \u0110\u00e2u Su\u1ea5t, chi\u1ec1u r\u00e1ng hoe
T\u00ean h\u1ecd ta th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecfi
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean n\u00fai l\u1edbn Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa<\/i>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m B\u00f9i H\u1ea1nh C\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Ng\u00f4 L\u1eadp Chi. Hai \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch 4 c\u00e2u th\u01a1 trong nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c ch\u1eef H\u00e1n th\u00e0nh 5 c\u00e2u trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m Ng\u00f4 L\u1eadp Chi, m\u00e0 d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh 4 c\u00e2u. Ch\u1eef \u201cng\u1ecdc\u201d b\u1ecb b\u1ecf \u0111i trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Ng\u00f4 L\u1eadp Chi \u2013 do kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u1ea9n \u00fd \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m B\u00f9i H\u1ea1nh C\u1ea9n kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i, ba ch\u1eef cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh \u201cNg\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean \u201cNg\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa\u201d trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu nh\u00f3m Ng\u00f4 L\u1eadp Chi (c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1nh, nh\u00f3m Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u0129a) \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00ean M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u201cQu\u1ef3nh Hoa\u201d v\u00e0 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t ch\u1eef \u201cng\u1ecdc\u201d, th\u00ec nh\u00f3m B\u00f9i H\u1ea1nh C\u1ea9n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00ean M\u1eabu th\u00e0nh \u201cNg\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa\u201d.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00ean M\u1eabu th\u00e0nh \u201cNg\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y \u1edf b\u1ea3n k\u1ec3 giai tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111i ch\u01a1i H\u1ed3 T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f9ng Kh\u1eafc Khoan trong s\u00e1ch Tr\u1ea1ng B\u00f9ng Ph\u00f9ng Kh\u1eafc Khoan (Th\u00e2n th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 tr\u00edch tuy\u1ec3n th\u01a1 v\u0103n)<\/i> xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1979 c\u1ee7a hai t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 B\u00f9i Duy T\u00e2n – Ng\u1ecdc Li\u1ec5n. Hai \u00f4ng phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 \u201cNh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u00e2n Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa<\/i>\u201d v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau [B\u00f9i Duy T\u00e2n \u2013 Ng\u1ecdc Li\u1ec5n 1979 : 180]:<\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u1eef nh\u1ea5t<\/i> v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1i<\/i> gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef thi\u00ean<\/i>, ch\u1eef s\u01a1n<\/i> v\u00e0 ch\u1eef nh\u00e2n<\/i> gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef ti\u00ean<\/i>; c\u1ea3 c\u00e2u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 5 ch\u1eef: Thi\u00ean ti\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa<\/i>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m B\u00f9i Duy T\u00e2n cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean \u201cc\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 5 ch\u1eef Thi\u00ean ti\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa<\/i>\u201d cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta suy ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, hai \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n VCTN, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a ra suy lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Ng\u00f4 L\u1eadp Chi[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

2.2. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ef3nh-hoa <\/i>v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng suy lu\u1eadn \u0111i xa h\u01a1n xung quanh n\u00f3<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m Ng\u00f4 L\u1eadp Chi – B\u00f9i H\u1ea1nh C\u1ea9n – B\u00f9i Duy T\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hai c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201cng\u1ecdc\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cng\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ba ch\u1eef \u201cng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ef3nh-hoa\u201d n\u00e0y, theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u l\u00e0 \u0110\u1eb7ng V\u0103n Lung. Trong cu\u1ed1n M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/i> xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1995, \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u201cVI. Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c\u201d c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I, \u00f4ng tr\u00edch m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00e0i b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch VCTN t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean [\u0110\u1eb7ng V\u0103n Lung 1995 : 58-69]. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c H\u00e1n v\u0103n hay kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean trong ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e2u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m Ng\u00f4 L\u1eadp Chi (v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n nhu\u1eadn s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1nh, nh\u00f3m Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u0129a) \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o. Tuy n\u00f3i l\u00e0 theo b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1eb7ng V\u0103n Lung kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u201cng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa\u201d m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh l\u00ed th\u00e0nh \u201cNg\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa\u201d (vi\u1ebft to ch\u1eef \u201cng\u1ecdc\u201d) [S\u0111d: 25, 68]. \u0110\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i, \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: Ng\u1ecdc<\/i> l\u00e0 h\u1ecd Ng\u1ecdc<\/i>; Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa<\/i> l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa c\u00f3 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 Ng\u1ecdc<\/i>, t\u00ean l\u00e0 Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa<\/i>. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, theo \u00f4ng, c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean n\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u00e0: \u201cTa l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i (Thi\u00ean) s\u01a1n nh\u00e2n (Ti\u00ean) h\u1ecd Ng\u1ecdc, t\u00ean Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa\u201d. T\u1ea1i sao mang h\u1ecd Ng\u1ecdc th\u00ec \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch:<\/b><\/p>\n

\u201cTrong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i kh\u1ea5n cho th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea1o M\u1eabu c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n h\u1ecd Ng\u1ecdc. V\u1eady Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd Ng\u1ecdc. H\u1ecd Ng\u1ecdc l\u00e0m vua v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng. Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa h\u1ecd Ng\u1ecdc\u201d [S\u0111d: 20].<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong suy lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng V\u0103n Lung, M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u c\u00f3 h\u1ecd t\u00ean \u1edf tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa, mang h\u1ecd Ng\u1ecdc b\u1edfi ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng !<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ch\u1eef \u201cng\u1ecdc\u201d, xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd Ng\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1eb7ng V\u0103n Lung \u1edf tr\u00ean, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch coi tr\u1ecdng ch\u1eef \u201choa\u201d trong ba ch\u1eef ng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ef3nh-hoa, xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 hai ch\u1eef \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 ngh\u0129a cho n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 H\u00e0 \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u00e0nh, L\u00e2m Giang.<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed1n Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3<\/i> xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1993 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, khi thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecda th\u01a1 v\u0103n c\u1ee7a M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 H\u00e0 \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u00e0nh tham kh\u1ea3o b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi ri\u00eang c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh \u201cNh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u00e2n Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh hoa<\/i>\u201d (vi\u1ebft nh\u1ecf ch\u1eef \u201choa\u201d) v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau [H\u00e0 \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u00e0nh 1993 : 15 -16]:<\/p>\n

\u201cTa l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u00e2n Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh hoa<\/i><\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef \u201dnh\u1ea5t\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i\u201d l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cthi\u00ean\u201d. Ch\u1eef \u201cs\u01a1n\u201d v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u00e2n\u201d l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cti\u00ean\u201d. C\u1ea3 c\u00e2u th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u201cTa l\u00e0 tinh hoa Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh c\u1ee7a ti\u00ean tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi<\/i>\u201d .<\/p>\n

Sau n\u00e0y, khi tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m B\u00f9i V\u0103n Nguy\u00ean \u2013 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo \u2013 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 H\u00e0 \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 v\u1ebb mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9nh l\u00ed c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u ng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ef3nh-hoa<\/i> l\u00e0 \u201ctinh hoa Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh\u201d n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 c\u00e2u th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cTi\u00ean Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u1ea5y, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn d\u1ecbch c\u00e2u th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 \u1ea5y th\u00e0nh: \u201cM\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean non, v\u1edbi hoa Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh<\/i>\u201d [H\u00e0 \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u00e0nh 2002 : 225]. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u ng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ef3nh-hoa l\u00e0 \u201choa Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh\u201d hay \u201ctinh hoa Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh\u201d.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u ng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ef3nh-hoa<\/i> l\u00e0 \u201choa ng\u1ecdc qu\u1ef3nh\u201d (kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft hoa c\u1ea3 ba) l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a L\u00e2m Giang, trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch cu\u1ed1n V\u00e2n C\u00e1t th\u1ea7n n\u1eef c\u1ed5 l\u1ee5c<\/i> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch khuy\u1ebft danh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ghi n\u0103m sao ch\u00e9p, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t\u201d trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n n\u1eef V\u00e2n C\u00e1t. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a L\u00e2m Giang in trong t\u1eadp 2 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft ch\u1eef H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> v\u1edbi d\u1ee5ng \u00fd \u201cch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3 hai l\u1ed1i k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh\u201d trong c\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean \u2013 hai l\u1ed1i k\u1ec3<\/i> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 V\u00e2n C\u00e1t th\u1ea7n n\u1eef<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Ng\u00f4 L\u1eadp Chi, v\u00e0 V\u00e2n C\u00e1t th\u1ea7n n\u1eef c\u1ed5 l\u1ee5c<\/i> v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a L\u00e2m Giang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. V\u1edbi c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean, \u00f4ng phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 \u201cNh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u00e2n ng\u1ecdc qu\u1ef3nh hoa<\/i> \u201d v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh: \u201cTa l\u00e0 hoa ng\u1ecdc qu\u1ef3nh, l\u00e0 ti\u00ean tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi<\/i>\u201d [Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u0129a ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean 1997 b : 485]. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng ba ch\u1eef \u201choa ng\u1ecdc qu\u1ef3nh\u201d c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cng\u1ecdc qu\u1ef3nh\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i hoa kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft hoa nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0 vi\u1ebft \u201choa c\u00fac\u201d hay \u201choa \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1u trung l\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi ri\u00eang c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ef3nh-hoa<\/i>, c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y: 1- \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u (l\u00e0 \u201cQu\u1ef3nh Hoa\u201d hay \u201cNg\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa\u201d); 2 – \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ean m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i hoa (l\u00e0 \u201choa Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh\u201d, \u201ctinh hoa Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh\u201d, hay \u201choa ng\u1ecdc qu\u1ef3nh\u201d). Trong \u0111\u00f3, th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u201cNg\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa\u201d l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa con g\u00e1i Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng (h\u1ecd Ng\u1ecdc, t\u00ean Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng V\u0103n Lung.<\/p>\n

2.3. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u1ecdc-m\u1edfn-hoa <\/i><\/b>(ng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ea1nh-hoa<\/i><\/b>)<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ba ch\u1eef cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean th\u00e0nh ng\u1ecdc-m\u1edfn-hoa<\/i> <\/i><\/b>(ng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ea1nh-hoa<\/i>).Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u t\u1eeb VCTN nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp qua m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m N\u00f4m c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi VCTN. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1992 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n [Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n 1992 : 32] \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ba ch\u1eef tr\u00ean trong ph\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch n\u00f4m (\u1edf \u0110o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/i>) c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch l\u1ee5c<\/i> (do Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n v\u00e0 cho in m\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1910).<\/p>\n

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\u1ea2nh 2<\/b>: Trang c\u00f3 hai c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean trong ph\u1ea7n Ti\u00ean t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3 k\u00ed<\/i> thu\u1ed9c Ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch l\u1ee5c<\/i> (R.289, t\u1edd 38b)<\/p>\n

Ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch l\u1ee5c<\/i> (t\u1ea1m hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Sao ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch n\u00f4m t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u201cTi\u00ean t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3 k\u00ed\u201d<\/i>) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch H\u00e1n N\u00f4m d\u1ea1ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu, g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i dung, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ba n\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau: 1<\/b>. Sao ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n mang t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 Ti\u00ean t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3 k\u00ed<\/i>\u4ed9\u7960\u8b5c\u8a18 <\/i>\u2013 b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c l\u01b0u \u1edf Ph\u1ee7 Gi\u00e0y [5]<\/a>; 2<\/b>. D\u1ecbch (ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng d\u1ecbch) Ti\u00ean t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3 k\u00ed<\/i> v\u1eeba n\u00eau t\u1eeb H\u00e1n v\u0103n sang th\u01a1 N\u00f4m th\u1ec3 l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t \u2013 g\u1ed3m 413 c\u00e2u th\u01a1, chia l\u00e0m 25 \u0111o\u1ea1n[6]<\/a>; 3<\/b>. L\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9p (t\u1ee9c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a) VCTN trong TKTP c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m (\u1edf s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu ghi l\u00e0 V\u00e2n C\u00e1t th\u1ea7n n\u1eef l\u1ee5c<\/i>\u96f2\u845b\u795e\u5973\u9304). Nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n Ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch l\u1ee5c<\/i> in m\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u t\u1ea1i Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u R.289 [Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu 1910], \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e1p kh\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u [Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e1p 1990 : 210 – 211], v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n in mang k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u AB.289 hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0u t\u1ea1i Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u H\u00e1n N\u00f4m m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103m 1992 \u0111\u1ec3 phi\u00ean \u00e2m.<\/p>\n

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\u1ea2nh 3<\/b>: Tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0110o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/i> trong ph\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch n\u00f4m c\u1ee7a Ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch l\u1ee5c<\/i> (R.289, t\u1edd 4a)<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, Ti\u00ean t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3 k\u00ed <\/i>\u2013 <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u1edf Ph\u1ee7 Gi\u00e0y khi \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi VCTN trong TKTP. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p tr\u1ecdn Ti\u00ean t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3 k\u00ed<\/i>, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p, Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9p VCTN. Cho n\u00ean nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Li\u1ec5u \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9p VCTN, m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u1edf ph\u1ea7n ch\u00e9p Ti\u00ean t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3 k\u00ed <\/i>(t\u1edd 38b; xin xem \u1ea2nh 2<\/b>). C\u00f2n \u1edf ph\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch sang th\u01a1 N\u00f4m, \u00fd ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu r\u00fat g\u1ecdn v\u00e0o c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ba ch\u1eef cu\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e0i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u trong \u0110o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/i> (t\u1edd 4a; xin xem \u1ea2nh 3<\/b>). Trong \u0110o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/i> n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n d\u00f2ng l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n phi\u00ean \u00e2m nh\u01b0 sau [Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n 1992 : 32]:<\/p>\n

Nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb cung Ti\u00ean,
Phong l\u01b0u ng\u1ecdc m\u1edfn hoa<\/i> tr\u00ean Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh.
S\u00e1ng soi thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c r\u00e0nh r\u00e0nh,
Thay tr\u1eddi h\u1ecda ph\u00fac quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

\u1ede ch\u1eef m\u1edfn<\/i>, c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ch\u00e2n trang b\u1ea3n phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0: \u201cCh\u1eef \u657bch\u00fang t\u00f4i phi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1edfn<\/i>\u201d [Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n 1992 : 32]. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u201cng\u1ecdc m\u1edfn hoa\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc sai, do b\u1ecf qua m\u1ea5t (ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u n\u00ean b\u1ecf qua) m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean ch\u00fa quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu cho ba ch\u1eef \u1ea5y \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1edd 4a[7]<\/a> \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u1edf ngay ph\u00eda tr\u00ean l\u1eddi d\u1ecbch n\u00f4m (xin xem \u1ea2nh 3<\/b>) \u2013 v\u00e0, c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n v\u0103n \u1edf t\u1edd 38b (xin xem \u1ea2nh 2<\/b>). Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00fa v\u1ecb: ch\u00ednh c\u00e2u th\u01a1 N\u00f4m do Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecdc sai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00ean \u00e2m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y g\u00f3p th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 trong suy lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a ba ch\u1eef cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ghi ch\u00fa th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng[8]<\/a>, trong l\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cPhong l\u01b0u ng\u1ecdc m\u1edfn<\/b> hoa tr\u00ean Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201cPhong l\u01b0u ng\u1ecdc qu\u1ea1nh<\/b> hoa tr\u00ean Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d. \u1ede ch\u1eef \u201cqu\u1ea1nh\u201d c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa th\u00edch \u1edf ch\u00e2n trang l\u00e0: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i phi\u00ean l\u00e0 qu\u1ea1nh[9]<\/a>\u201d [Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecbnh 2009 : 59].<\/p>\n

3. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang ng\u1ecdc-qu\u00fdnh-hoa<\/i> qua c\u00e1c c\u1ee9 li\u1ec7u <\/b><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, qua \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c c\u1ee9 li\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e2m linh trong t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1edd M\u1eabu, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a ba ch\u1eef cu\u1ed1i trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean l\u00e0: ng\u1ecdc-qu\u00fdnh-hoa<\/i><\/b>\u7389\u657b\u82b1. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 cho ph\u00e9p, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eafn t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ee9 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

3.1. C\u1ee9 li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e2m linh<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n ba t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 sau. M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p s\u01b0, t\u00ean H. , hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3, m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1eefng v\u1ec1 H\u00e1n N\u00f4m. V\u1ecb th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 cung v\u0103n P. r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong l\u00e0ng cung v\u0103n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n ph\u1ee7 \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft H\u00e1n N\u00f4m. V\u1ecb th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Tr\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ec3u ban Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed di t\u00edch Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m nay, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cao nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. C\u1ea3 ba v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ecb kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u00fay; c\u1ea3 c\u00e2u \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 \u201cNh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u00e2n Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u00fdnh Hoa<\/b>\u201d. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: ch\u1eef \u201cNg\u1ecdc\u201d gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201cQu\u00fdnh\u201d th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef \u201cQu\u1ef3nh\u201d, v\u1eady ba ch\u1eef \u201cNg\u1ecdc Qu\u00fdnh Hoa\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cQu\u1ef3nh Hoa\u201d. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecdc \u201cNg\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa\u201d th\u00ec v\u1eeba ph\u1ea1m h\u00fay, l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba th\u1eeba ch\u1eef \u201cNg\u1ecdc\u201d, c\u00f2n g\u00ec l\u00e0 ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef n\u1eefa ! Khi h\u1ecfi v\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u00fdnh Hoa<\/b> nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00ed do: \u201cc\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1eeb x\u01b0a\u201d, \u201cl\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ea7u Th\u00e1nh \u1edf \u0111\u1ec1n ph\u1ee7\u201d l\u00e2u n\u0103m th\u00ec bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee9 mang t\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cl\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u201d nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00f2n cho xem b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Gi\u00e1ng ti\u00ean k\u1ef3 l\u1ee5c<\/i> n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng do c\u1ee5 Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Ki\u00eam so\u1ea1n v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940 (\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c v\u1eeba cho ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed trong n\u0103m 2008 t\u1eeb v\u0103n b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Ki\u00eam, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecbnh[10]<\/a>). \u00d4ng \u0110\u1ee9c cho bi\u1ebft: c\u1ee5 Ki\u00eam sinh n\u0103m 1921 m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1998, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Xu\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0o (M\u1ef9 V\u0103n, H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m cung v\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t tr\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 17 – 18 tu\u1ed5i. Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1940, m\u1edbi tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi hai m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung v\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u00e0i h\u00e1t v\u0103n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Gi\u00e1ng ti\u00ean k\u1ef3 l\u1ee5c<\/i> v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 300 c\u00e2u. T\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990 c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Ki\u00eam[11]<\/a> v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u00e1t v\u0103n n\u00e0y [H\u00e0 \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u00e0nh 1993:25, 2002:231, 243]. Nh\u00f3m Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a Gi\u00e1ng ti\u00ean k\u1ef3 l\u1ee5c<\/i> v\u00e0o t\u1eadp II c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea1o M\u1eabu \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1996, c\u00f3 ghi t\u00ean so\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Ki\u00eam v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn: \u201cB\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 M\u1eabu T\u00e2y H\u1ed3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u00e1t th\u1edd\u201d [Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean 1996 : 56[12]<\/a>]. B\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Li\u1ec5u v\u1edbi \u00e2m \u0111\u1ecdc H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Ki\u00eam \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0o Gi\u00e1ng ti\u00ean k\u1ef3 l\u1ee5c<\/i>. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0, \u1edf ch\u1eef quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Ki\u00eam (t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 GTKL-1) v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n in trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecbnh (t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 GTKL-2). B\u1ea3n GTKL-1 ghi: \u201cNh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u00e2n ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fdnh hoa<\/i><\/b>\u201d [Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Ki\u00eam 2008 (1940) : 8], b\u1ea3n GTKL-2 l\u1ea1i ghi: \u201cNh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u00e2n ng\u1ecdc qu\u1ef3nh hoa<\/i><\/b>\u201d [Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean 1996 : 61]. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y, theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, c\u00f3 l\u00ed do n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean t\u1eadp b\u1ea3n GTKL-2[13]<\/a>. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean t\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u hay hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m m\u00e0 ch\u1eefa ch\u1eef \u201cqu\u00fdnh\u201d th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef \u201cqu\u1ef3nh\u201d.<\/p>\n

Xin n\u00eau th\u00eam m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin n\u1eefa nh\u01b0 sau t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba. Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2008, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 di t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1edd M\u1eabu t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c t\u1ec9nh L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n[14]<\/a>: \u0111\u1ec1n M\u1eabu \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ec1n K\u1ef3 C\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng Nh\u1ecb Thanh, … Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i may m\u1eafn c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi hai thanh ni\u00ean theo ngh\u1ec1 cung v\u0103n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n. Hai b\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t tr\u1ebb, tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi hai m\u01b0\u01a1i, qu\u00ea \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Ph\u1ee7 Gi\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n n\u1eeda n\u0103m. Khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1n, hai b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o theo v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n h\u00e1t v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u201cchi\u00eau \u0111\u00e3i\u201d m\u1ed9t \u00edt ch\u1ea7u v\u0103n. L\u00fac n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ba ch\u1eef cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u1ecdc Qu\u00fdnh Hoa\u201d , v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e0n anh truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng, v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 n\u1eefa[16]<\/a>, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, r\u1eb1ng: n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ki\u00eang h\u00fay t\u00ean hi\u1ec7u, sao kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ec7ch lu\u00f4n hai ch\u1eef \u201cQu\u1ef3nh\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cHoa\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh \u201cNg\u1ecdc Qu\u00fdnh Hu\u00ea\u201d. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, t\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ec7ch ch\u1eef \u201cQu\u1ef3nh\u201d, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ec7ch ch\u1eef \u201cHoa\u201d. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00ed do kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n \u00fd g\u00ec kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa ch\u0103ng ? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, xin t\u1ea1m g\u00e1c l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

3.2. C\u1ee9 li\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/b><\/p>\n

Qua kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n VCTN c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m (ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n li\u00ean quan (nh\u01b0: cu\u1ed1n Ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch l\u1ee5c<\/i> c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu in n\u0103m 1910 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y; cu\u1ed1n Th\u00e1nh M\u1eabu minh thi\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c \u00e2m ch\u00e2n kinh<\/i> do Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 in n\u0103m 1915 trong s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i [Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u00ecnh, t\u1edd 6b]; cu\u1ed1n Thi\u00ean B\u1ea3n V\u00e2n H\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u00ea tri\u1ec1u Th\u00e1nh M\u1eabu ng\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3<\/i> v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ee5c to\u00e0n v\u0103n n\u0103m 2007 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00e0i Loan l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n \u00cdch Nguy\u00ean [Tr\u1ea7n \u00cdch Nguy\u00ean 2007 : 219]), ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang ba ch\u1eef cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u1ecdc Qu\u00fdnh Hoa\u201d. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n N\u00f4m n\u00eau tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1eef \u201cqu\u00fdnh\u201d hay c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 c\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang th\u00e0nh \u201cNh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u00e2n Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u00fdnh Hoa\u201d. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, do khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 ba tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u0103n b\u1ea3n sau c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc \u201cNg\u1ecdc Qu\u00fdnh Hoa\u201d.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 1<\/i>: cu\u1ed1n TKTP b\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p tay, hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0u t\u1ea1i Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u R.1611 [\u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m a; \u1ea2nh 4<\/b>]. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y trong \u1ea3nh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecf \u201cThi\u00ean ti\u00ean Qu\u1ef3nh\u5929\u4ed9\u74ca\u201d b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh n\u1eeda tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u \u58f9\u5927\u5c71\u4eba\u7389\u657b\u82b1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang c\u00e2u n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u201cNh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u00e2n Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u00fdnh Hoa\u201d, v\u00e0 r\u00fat g\u1ecdn th\u00e0nh \u201cThi\u00ean ti\u00ean Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa\u201d.<\/p>\n

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\u1ea2nh 4<\/b>: Trang c\u00f3 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean trong Truy\u1ec1n k\u00ec t\u00e2n ph\u1ea3 <\/i>k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u R.1611<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 2<\/i>: cu\u1ed1n V\u00e2n C\u00e1t th\u1ea7n n\u1eef truy\u1ec7n<\/i> b\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p tay, ch\u1eef th\u1ea3o, hi\u1ec7n l\u01b0u t\u1ea1i Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u R.22 [\u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m b; \u1ea2nh 5<\/b>] . Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u khuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea1nh ch\u1eef\u657b trong c\u00e2u\u58f9\u5927\u5c71\u4eba\u7389\u657b\u82b1\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o vi\u1ec7c: c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef\u657b. Theo nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cqu\u00fdnh\u201d.<\/p>\n

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\u1ea2nh 5<\/b>: Trang c\u00f3 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean trong cu\u1ed1n V\u00e2n C\u00e1t th\u1ea7n n\u1eef truy\u1ec7n<\/i> k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u R.22<\/p>\n

<\/i><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 3<\/i>: cu\u1ed1n Ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch l\u1ee5c<\/i>. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, v\u00e0 xem trong \u1ea2nh 3<\/b>, t\u1ea1i t\u1edd 4a c\u1ee7a Ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch l\u1ee5c<\/i>, Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu c\u00f3 ghi m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa th\u00edch (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean ch\u00fa[17]<\/b><\/a><\/i>) sau \u0111\u00e2y cho c\u00e2u th\u01a1 N\u00f4m \u201cPhong l\u01b0u ng\u1ecdc m\u1edfn hoa<\/i> tr\u00ean Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch ghi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n \u201cNg\u1ecdc Qu\u00fdnh Hoa<\/i><\/b>: Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa<\/b> c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa d\u00e3, t\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea1 l\u1ee5c<\/i>\u7389\u657b\u82b1\u74ca\u82b1\u516c\u4e3b\u4e5f\u8a73\u4e0b\u5f54\u201d, t\u1ee9c \u201cNg\u1ecdc Qu\u00fdnh Hoa<\/i><\/b>: c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa<\/b>, h\u00e3y xem chi ti\u1ebft trong ph\u1ea7n ghi ch\u00e9p \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y<\/i>\u201d. S\u1edf d\u0129 Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u1ea7n \u201cxem chi ti\u1ebft trong ph\u1ea7n ghi ch\u00e9p \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y\u201d l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 tham kh\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean v\u0103n b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9p \u1edf t\u1edd 38b s\u00e1ch \u1ea5y (xin xem \u1ea2nh 2<\/b>). Cho n\u00ean, c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu, c\u00e2u th\u01a1 N\u00f4m \u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0: \u201cNay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb cung ti\u00ean\/Phong l\u01b0u ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fdnh hoa<\/b> tr\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d. \u1ede b\u1ea3n phi\u00ean \u00e2m Ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch l\u1ee5c<\/i> v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1992, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd do s\u01a1 su\u1ea5t b\u1ecf qua ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean ch\u00fa tr\u00ean m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua, Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1ea7m th\u00e0nh: \u201cPhong l\u01b0u ng\u1ecdc m\u1edfn hoa<\/b> tr\u00ean Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d (hay \u201cPhong l\u01b0u ng\u1ecdc qu\u1ea1nh hoa<\/b> tr\u00ean Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh). Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu xem x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc sai \u201cm\u1edfn\u201d (hay \u201cqu\u1ea1nh\u201d) \u1edf chi\u1ec1u t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u00ec ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho bi\u1ebft: \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00e2m v\u1ea7n tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u1eadn lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ecdc sai, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cm\u01a1n\u201d hay \u201cm\u1eddn\u201d ( \u201cquanh\u201d hay \u201cqu\u00e0nh\u201d), m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1edbn\u201d, \u201cm\u1edfn\u201d, \u201cm\u1ee1n\u201d, \u201cm\u1ee3n\u201d (\u201cqu\u00e1nh\u201d, \u201cqu\u1ea3nh\u201d, \u201cqu\u00e3nh\u201d, \u201cqu\u1ea1nh\u201d). B\u1eb1ng ph\u00e9p thay th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e2u th\u01a1 N\u00f4m c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng sau: \u201cPhong l\u01b0u ng\u1ecdc quynh hoa<\/b> tr\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d, \u201cPhong l\u01b0u ng\u1ecdc qu\u1ef3nh hoa<\/b> tr\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d. Qua \u0111\u00e2y, ta r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai \u0111i\u1ec3m sau: 1. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u0103m 1910 c\u0169ng quen \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdc-qu\u00fdnh-hoa<\/b>; v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn; 2. D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Ho\u00e0ng Gi\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdc-kinh-hoa <\/b>[\u1ee6y ban nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n qu\u1eadn T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 2000 : 182], nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean \u1edf d\u1ea1ng H\u00e1n v\u0103n, th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u00e2u th\u01a1 N\u00f4m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu b\u1edfi tr\u00e1i lu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng tr\u1eafc, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh \u201cPhong l\u01b0u ng\u1ecdc kinh hoa<\/b> tr\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d.<\/p>\n

Thay l\u1eddi k\u1ebft: <\/b>T<\/b>r\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 <\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1ef1u trung, qua nh\u1eefng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: ng\u1ecdc-qu\u00fdnh-hoa<\/i><\/b> l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang cho ba ch\u1eef cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ng\u1ecdc-qu\u00fdnh-hoa<\/i> n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea1i Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u, do ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch tr\u01b0\u1edbc nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 do t\u1ef1 d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean treo trong Ph\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 sai so v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c trong VCTN c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m (nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y trong \u1ea2nh 1<\/b>, bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1 ghi lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 qu\u1ef3nh <\/i>\u743c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ghi qu\u00fdnh <\/i>\u657b), m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecdc sai m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh ng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ef3nh-hoa<\/i> [Chu Xu\u00e2n Giao, Phan Lan H\u01b0\u01a1ng 2008b : 88]. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n t\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1eadt \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i<\/i> (re-reading), b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc sai nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng: tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, l\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ef3nh-hoa<\/i> n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdc-qu\u00fdnh-hoa<\/i> hay ng\u1ecdc-kinh-hoa<\/i>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Ti\u00ean M\u1eabu Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1952 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i n\u00e0y [H\u1ed9i Ti\u00ean M\u1eabu Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1952 : 48 – 49[18]<\/a>], nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 B\u00f9i V\u0103n Nguy\u00ean [B\u00f9i V\u0103n Nguy\u00ean, V\u0169 Tu\u1ea5n S\u00e1n, Chu H\u00e0 1975 : 60[19]<\/a>], t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Ho\u00e0ng Gi\u00e1p, nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb B\u0103ng Thanh [Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb B\u0103ng Thanh, B\u00f9i Thi\u00ean Thai 2006[20]<\/a>]. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, trong h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Gi\u00e1p \u2013 b\u1edfi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111i\u1ec1n d\u00e3 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 \u1edf v\u00f9ng H\u1ed3 T\u00e2y trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua \u0111\u1ec3 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u H\u00e1n N\u00f4m, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n VCTN.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2000, Ho\u00e0ng Gi\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecdc hai c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u201cNh\u00e2n gian d\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c ng\u00f4 danh t\u00ednh\/Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u00ean nh\u00e2n ng\u1ecdc kinh hoa<\/i>\u201d, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u1ecb cho ba ch\u1eef ng\u1ecdc-kinh-hoa <\/i>r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNg\u1ecdc Kinh: Theo \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/i> th\u00ec Ng\u1ecdc Kinh l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh, n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng. Ng\u1ecdc Kinh hoa t\u1ee9c Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa, Qu\u1ebf Hoa tr\u00ean Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u. C\u00f3 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho Ng\u1ecdc Kinh gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Qu\u1ef3nh. Qu\u1ef3nh gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi hoa l\u00e0 Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa m\u00e0 Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa l\u00e0 Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa\u201d [\u1ee6y ban nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n qu\u1eadn T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 2000 : 182]. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng Gi\u00e1p d\u1ecbch hai c\u00e2u tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecfi t\u00ean ta ?\/Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa ti\u00ean n\u1eef m\u1edd xa Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong lu\u1eadn ngh\u0129a th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i h\u01a1i xa, c\u00f2n trong phi\u00ean \u00e2m th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1edbi ng\u1ecdc-kinh-hoa<\/i>.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u1ecdc-kinh-hoa <\/i>kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1edf d\u0129 Ho\u00e0ng Gi\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 kinh<\/i>, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 do b\u1ecb \u00e1m \u1ea3nh b\u1edfi ch\u1eef qu\u1ef3nh<\/i> tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean treo \u1edf Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft \u1edf d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u743c (g\u1ed3m ch\u1eef ng\u1ecdc<\/i> \u7389c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1eef kinh<\/i>\u4eac) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft \u1edf d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ed3n th\u1ec3 \u74ca (xin xem \u1ea2nh 1<\/b>). T\u1eeb c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n VCTN c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1 (\u201cnh\u00e2n gian\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cth\u1ebf nh\u00e2n\u201d), ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, d\u00f2ng l\u1ea1c kho\u1ea3n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 tuy l\u00e0 \u201cLong Phi K\u1ec9 M\u00e3o \u0111\u00f4ng\u9f8d\u98db\u5df1\u536f\u51ac\u201d v\u1ebb r\u1ea5t c\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1999. \u00d4ng \u0110\u1ee9c cho bi\u1ebft: tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1999, v\u1ed1n \u1edf trong Ph\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c ch\u1ea1m ghi b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u th\u01a1 \u1ea5y, do ai vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ai d\u00e2ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eef tri\u1ec7n (xin ch\u00fa \u00fd: theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft ghi trong VCTN, b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eef tri\u1ec7n tr\u00ean g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y). Trong d\u1ecbp tr\u00f9ng tu n\u0103m 1999, th\u1ea5y b\u1ee9c ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i, nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Th. \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u00e2m giao v\u1edbi Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i theo d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 cung ti\u1ebfn. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 L\u01b0u Th\u1ecb Oanh \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1990 [H\u00e0 \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u00e0nh 1993 : 30; Ban Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd di t\u00edch v\u00e0 danh th\u1eafng H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 1994 : 12], ch\u00fang t\u00f4i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c ch\u1ea1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1999 nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c. C\u00f2n t\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n nay nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y trong \u1ea2nh 1<\/b> l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Th., \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng Gi\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 phi\u00ean \u00e2m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3n m\u1edbi d\u00e2ng n\u0103m 1999 \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb n\u1eefa, xin n\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0, c\u0169ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1999, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng t\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Li\u1ec5u treo \u1edf b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i Ph\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh, nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Th. l\u1ea1i cao h\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c th\u00eam ra m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u1eefa v\u00e0 treo l\u00ean b\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean. B\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u1ea5y c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft theo th\u1ec3 ch\u1eef th\u1ea3o, t\u1ea1m phi\u00ean \u00e2m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau [Chu Xu\u00e2n Giao, Phan Lan H\u01b0\u01a1ng 2008b : 88 – 90]:<\/p>\n

\u5df1\u536f\u91cd\u4fee\u7bc0\u5b5f\u51ac K\u1ec9 M\u00e3o tr\u00f9ng tu ti\u1ebft m\u1ea1nh <\/i>\u0111\u00f4ng<\/i>,<\/i><\/p>\n

\u897f\u6e56\u9855\u8e5f\u6b74\u671d\u5c01 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 hi\u1ec3n t\u00edch l\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u phong.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u8d8a\u5357\u793e\u4f1a\u9ce9\u5de5\u96c6 Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u01b0u c\u00f4ng t\u1eadp,<\/i><\/p>\n

\u842c\u53e4\u82f1\u970a\u6176\u8cc0\u540c V\u1ea1n c\u1ed5 anh linh kh\u00e1nh h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/i><\/p>\n

(Tr\u00f9ng tu v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m K\u1ec9 M\u00e3o,
T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 hi\u1ec3n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u phong t\u1eb7ng.
X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam g\u00f3p s\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m,
Anh linh mu\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1edf, c\u00f9ng nhau ch\u00fac m\u1eebng [21]<\/a>)<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng nhau tr\u00ean hai b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1eafng m\u00e0u s\u01a1n gi\u1eefa b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Li\u1ec5u xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 16 v\u00e0 b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 m\u1edf ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ta m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111a ngh\u0129a. N\u00f3 v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ta v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh th\u1eddi gian m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n qu\u1eb3ng tr\u1ea3 ta v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i h\u01b0 v\u00f4 tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u1eaft l\u00eca qu\u00e1 v\u00e3ng v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n

cxg-plh<\/p>\n

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H\u1eadu k\u00ed<\/b>: Nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh g\u1eedi l\u1eddi c\u1ea3m \u01a1n t\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng g\u00f3p \u00fd\/ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n qu\u00ed b\u00e1u, hay nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t\/c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng cho b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft (x\u1ebfp theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3p \u00fd): Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecbnh (Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam), T\u1ea1 Ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng (hi\u1ec7n c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u00ec), Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n To\u00e0n (C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Ph\u00e1p), Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u00c1nh (Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam), Phan \u0110\u0103ng Nh\u1eadt (Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam). Xin c\u1ea3m \u01a1n s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n phi\u00ean \u00e2m cu\u1ed1n Ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch l\u1ee5c<\/i> (Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu vi\u1ebft) c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n (Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam).<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n r\u00fat g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed H\u00e1n N\u00f4m<\/i> (Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u H\u00e1n N\u00f4m, Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam) s\u1ed1 2 (99) n\u0103m 2010, t\u1eeb trang 47 \u0111\u1ebfn trang 62 (c\u00f3 l\u1ebd do dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, t\u00f2a so\u1ea1n t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft b\u1edbt m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ea3 \u1edf ch\u00ednh v\u0103n, l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eb7ng, ch\u00fa th\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o; \u1edf \u0111\u00f4i ch\u1ed7, s\u1ef1 c\u1eaft b\u1edbt \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i).<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n in tr\u00ean Da M\u00e0u l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 (ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n in ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c).<\/p>\n

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T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o\/tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/b><\/p>\n

[1] Ban Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd di t\u00edch v\u00e0 danh th\u1eafng H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i (S\u1edf V\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u00f4ng tin H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i), 1994, L\u00fd l\u1ecbch di t\u00edch Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3<\/i> <\/b>(th\u00f4n T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 – x\u00e3 Qu\u1ea3ng An \u2013 huy\u1ec7n T\u1eeb Li\u00eam \u2013 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i), Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1: L\u01b0u Th\u1ecb Oanh<\/p>\n

[2] B\u00f9i Duy T\u00e2n, 1993, \u201cB\u00e0n th\u00eam v\u1ec1 khu\u00ea t\u1ea3o \u2013 Hoa qu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d, B\u00e1o V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7<\/i> s\u1ed1 33 ra ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1993<\/p>\n

[3] B\u00f9i Duy T\u00e2n, 1999, Kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 – t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trung \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> (T\u1eadp 1), Nxb Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/p>\n

[4] B\u00f9i Duy T\u00e2n – Ng\u1ecdc Li\u1ec5n, 1979, Tr\u1ea1ng B\u00f9ng Ph\u00f9ng Kh\u1eafc Khoan (Th\u00e2n th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 tr\u00edch tuy\u1ec3n th\u01a1 v\u0103n)<\/i>, Ty V\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u00f4ng tin H\u00e0 S\u01a1n B\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n<\/p>\n

[5] B\u00f9i H\u1ea1nh C\u1ea9n, L\u00ea Tr\u00e2n, 1993, <\/b>Ch\u1ee3 Vi\u1ec1ng v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Ph\u1ee7<\/i>, Nxb Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c<\/p>\n

[6] B\u00f9i V\u0103n Nguy\u00ean, V\u0169 Tu\u1ea5n S\u00e1n, Chu H\u00e0, 1975, Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft ven H\u1ed3 T\u00e2y<\/i>, H\u1ed9i V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/p>\n

[7] Chu Xu\u00e2n Giao, Phan Lan H\u01b0\u01a1ng, 2008a,\u201dTruy t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c ri\u00eang l\u1ebb: v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed V\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian<\/i> s\u1ed1 3 (117) n\u0103m 2008<\/p>\n

[8] Chu Xu\u00e2n Giao, Phan Lan H\u01b0\u01a1ng, 2008b, Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 – B\u00e1o c\u00e1o s\u1ed1 1: Di t\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3<\/i>, C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i 3B n\u0103m 2008 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 d\u00e2n gian Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/p>\n

[9] \u0110\u1eb7ng V\u0103n Lung, 1995, M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/i>, Nxb V\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c<\/p>\n

[10] \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m a, \u50b3\u5947\u65b0\u8b5c, B\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p tay, K\u00ed hi\u1ec7u R.1611, Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c gia<\/p>\n

[11] \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m b, \u96f2\u845b\u795e\u5973\u50b3, B\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p tay, K\u00ed hi\u1ec7u R.22, Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c gia<\/p>\n

[12] \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m c, \u96f2\u845b\u795e\u5973\u50b3, B\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ee5c to\u00e0n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n \u00cdch Nguy\u00ean \u9673\u76ca\u6e90 v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n n\u1ec1n in n\u0103m Gia Long 10 (1811) , In trong Tr\u1ea7n \u00cdch Nguy\u00ean\u9673\u76ca\u6e90 2007<\/p>\n

[13] \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m d, Truy\u1ec1n k\u1ef3 t\u00e2n ph\u1ea3<\/i>, Ng\u00f4 L\u1eadp Chi – Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e1p d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch, Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Th\u1eafm gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, In trong Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u0129a ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean 1997 a<\/p>\n

[14] \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m e, Truy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n n\u1eef V\u00e2n C\u00e1t<\/i>, B\u00f9i H\u1ea1nh C\u1ea9n \u2013 L\u00ea Tr\u00e2n d\u1ecbch (d\u1ecbch theo s\u00e1ch Truy\u1ec1n k\u00ec t\u00e2n ph\u1ea3<\/i>, b\u1ea3n in n\u0103m Gia Long 10), In trong B\u00f9i H\u1ea1nh C\u1ea9n \u2013 L\u00ea Tr\u00e2n 1993<\/p>\n

[15] Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu, 1910, Ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch l\u1ee5c <\/i>\u4ed9\u8b5c\u8b6f\u9304, B\u1ea3n l\u01b0u t\u1ea1i Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u R.289<\/p>\n

[16] H\u00e0 \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u00e0nh, 1993, Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3<\/i>, Nxb V\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c<\/p>\n

[17] H\u00e0 \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u00e0nh, 2002, \u201cPh\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5ng th\u1edd M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh\u201d, In trong Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean 2002<\/p>\n

[18] H\u1ed9i Ti\u00ean M\u1eabu Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 1952, Kinh Th\u00e1nh M\u1eabu S\u00f2ng S\u01a1n<\/i>, Nh\u00e0 in Thanh B\u00ecnh (B\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i Ph\u1ee7 Qu\u1ea3ng Cung t\u1ee9c Ph\u1ee7 N\u1ea5p, thu\u1ed9c th\u00f4n V\u1ec9 Nhu\u1ebf huy\u1ec7n \u00dd Y\u00ean t\u1ec9nh Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh)<\/p>\n

[19] L\u00ea Ylinh, 2002, \u201cDOUBLE VIE, MAIS FOI UNIQUE Ph\u1ea1m-V\u0103n-Ki\u00eam, maitre musicien du rituel H\u00e2u-bong (Nord Vi\u1ec7t-nam)\u201d [Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi hai m\u1eb7t, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin: Cung v\u0103n Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Ki\u00eam trong nghi l\u1ec5 H\u1ea7u b\u00f3ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam], Cahiers de musiques traditionnelles \u2013 Histoires de vies<\/i> [T\u1eadp san \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n<\/i> \u2013 S\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 \u201c\u0110\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129\u201d], 15\/2002<\/p>\n

[20] Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean, 1996, \u0110\u1ea1o M\u1eabu \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> \u2013 T\u1eadp II (C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n), Nxb V\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng tin<\/p>\n

[21] Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean, 2002, \u0110\u1ea1o M\u1eabu \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i>, Nxb V\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng tin<\/p>\n

[22] Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecbnh, 2009, \u0110\u1ea1o M\u1eabu Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> \u2013 T\u1eadp 2, Nxb T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/p>\n

[23] Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Tr\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 in, 1915, Th\u00e1nh M\u1eabu minh thi\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n kinh <\/i>\u8056\u6bcd\u660e\u5584\u771f\u7d93 (T\u0103ng qu\u1ea3ng minh thi\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c \u00e2m ch\u00e2n kinh \u589e\u5ee3\u660e\u5584\u56fd\u97f3\u771f\u7d93), B\u1ea3n s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Chu Xu\u00e2n Giao (nh\u1eadn b\u00e0n giao t\u1eeb Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n To\u00e0n)<\/p>\n

[24] Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n, 1992, Phi\u00ean \u00e2m d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u201cTi\u00ean ph\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch l\u1ee5c\u201d c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu<\/i>, Lu\u1eadn v\u0103n t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh H\u00e1n N\u00f4m kh\u00f3a 33, Khoa Ng\u1eef v\u0103n, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u2013 T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ed1n l\u01b0u t\u1ea1i Khoa Ng\u1eef v\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u HN13<\/p>\n

[25] Nxb B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, 2007, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i: B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u2013 du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn bu\u00fdt<\/i> <\/b>(t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 1: 23000; t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 7, c\u00f3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn xe bu\u00fdt th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 8 \u2013 2007)<\/p>\n

[26] Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Ki\u00eam, 2008 (1940), Gi\u00e1ng Ti\u00ean k\u1ef3 l\u1ee5c <\/i>(V\u0103n s\u1ef1 t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh), Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng quy\u1ec3n, 13 trang kh\u1ed5 A4<\/p>\n

[27] Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2006, Ho\u00e0nh phi \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee5m di t\u00edch Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 qu\u1eadn T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 – th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i,<\/i> T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, 45 trang kh\u1ed5 A4 (ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00ean \u00e2m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch: Ho\u00e0ng Gi\u00e1p)<\/p>\n

[28] Tr\u1ea7n \u00cdch Nguy\u00ean\u9673\u76ca\u6e90, 2007,\u300e\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6f22\u6587\u5c0f\u8aac\u7814\u7a76\u300f, \u6771\u4e9c\u6587\u5316\u51fa\u7248\u793e [Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft H\u00e1n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i>]<\/p>\n

[29] Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u0129a ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean, 1997 a, T\u1ed5ng t\u1eadp ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft ch\u1eef H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2013 T\u1eadp 1<\/i>, Nxb Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n

[30] Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u0129a ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean, 1997 b, T\u1ed5ng t\u1eadp ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft ch\u1eef H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2013 T\u1eadp 2<\/i>, Nxb Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n

[31] Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb B\u0103ng Thanh, B\u00f9i Thi\u00ean Thai, 2006, \u201cM\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Truy\u1ec1n k\u1ef3 t\u00e2n ph\u1ea3<\/i> v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n gian\u201d, H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf V\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/i> (Ti\u1ec3u ban 4)<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.vienvanhoc.org.vn\/reader\/?id=62&menu=109http:\/\/www.vienvanhoc.org.vn\/reader\/?id=62&menu=109<\/a><\/p>\n

[32] Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e1p, 1990 , T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u kho s\u00e1ch H\u00e1n N\u00f4m<\/i>, T\u1eadp II, Nxb Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/p>\n

[33] \u1ee6y ban nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n qu\u1eadn T\u00e2y H\u1ed3, 2000, Danh t\u00edch T\u00e2y H\u1ed3<\/i>, Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia<\/p>\n

[34] V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1nh, Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Ty ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean, 1990, V\u00e2n C\u00e1t th\u1ea7n n\u1eef<\/i>, Nxb V\u0103n h\u00f3a D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c<\/p>\n

[35] V\u0169 Nho, 1992, \u201cL\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i\u201d, B\u00e1o V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7<\/i> s\u1ed1 26 ra ng\u00e0y 27 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1992<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

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<\/a>Ch\u00fa th\u00edch<\/b><\/p>\n

[1] Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u00c1nh (Vi\u1ec7n V\u0103n h\u1ecdc) c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef h\u00e0nh th\u1ea3o<\/i>.<\/p>\n

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[2] \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u201ct\u1eadp c\u1ed5\u201d c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a hai nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ed5 v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1n. Trong quy\u1ec3n h\u1ea1<\/i> cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eabu l\u1ee5c<\/i> c\u1ee7a hai \u00f4ng, c\u00f3 truy\u1ec7n Qu\u1ec9 thi<\/i>, t\u1ee9c Th\u01a1 ma<\/i>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u1ea5t ng\u00f4n t\u1ee9 tuy\u1ec7t th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean v\u00e1ch ch\u00f9a Nguy\u1ec7t \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n Hoa D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9i. L\u1eddi th\u01a1 r\u1ea5t th\u00ea th\u1ea3m n\u00ean ng\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u01a1 ma <\/i>[Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u0129a ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean 1997 b: 207; ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1eef H\u00e1n mang k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u R.89, in kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7 \u2013 l\u01b0u t\u1ea1i Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c gia].<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea1y long tong \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u201cph\u1ea7n h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n\u201d cho th\u1ea7y B\u00f9i Duy T\u00e2n vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u2013 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eabm ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m 1993, khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 3 (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i), v\u1edbi t\u00f4i (cxg) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1edb m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. Th\u1ea7y nh\u1eafn sang nh\u00e0 ri\u00eang (\u1edf b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh K\u00ed t\u00fac x\u00e1 M\u1ec5 Tr\u00ec), cho \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Nho v\u00e0 nghe th\u1ea7y n\u00f3i qua v\u1ec1 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i, r\u1ed3i c\u1eed t\u00f4i phi xe \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111i c\u00e1c n\u01a1i tra c\u1ee9u s\u00e1ch v\u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i (c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i, nh\u01b0ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft: th\u1ea7y th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 tay, c\u1eed t\u00f4i c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u1edf ph\u1ed1 B\u00e1t \u0110\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 xin cho tra s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n). R\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft (khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u201cvi t\u00ednh in kim\u201d, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n), g\u1eedi b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1o V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7<\/i>, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n b\u1ea3n photo b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 in cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quan t\u00e2m. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y, b\u1ea3n in tr\u00ean b\u00e1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o vi\u1ebft tay c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ec9 v\u1eadt qu\u00ed b\u00e1u.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u1ede c\u00f9ng trang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00fa l\u00e0 \u201cTheo s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn\u201d, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd do l\u1ed7i in \u1ea5n hay m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 \u201cS\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft Ti\u00ean t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3 k\u00ed<\/i> th\u00e0nh Ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3<\/i>, n\u00ean t\u00ean s\u00e1ch Ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch l\u1ee5c<\/i> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u n\u00f4m na l\u00e0 Sao ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch n\u00f4m t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u201cTi\u00ean t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3 k\u00ed\u201d<\/i>.<\/i><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu ghi l\u00e0 g\u1ed3m 413 c\u00e2u \u2013 c\u1ed9ng t\u1ee9 b\u00e1ch th\u1eadp tam c\u00fa<\/i> \u2013 theo \u0111\u00f3, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e1p c\u0169ng ghi l\u00e0 413 c\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n phi\u00ean \u00e2m n\u0103m 1992 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n th\u00ec t\u00ednh l\u00e0 776 c\u00e2u; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n Ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch l\u1ee5c<\/i> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111o\u1ea1n 7 trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 25 \u0111o\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do s\u01a1 \u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 hay c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 in [Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n 1992 : 19].<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Trong ph\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch n\u00f4m c\u1ee7a Ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch l\u1ee5c<\/i>, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean ch\u00fa<\/i> vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng H\u00e1n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 n\u00f4m do ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft. Trong lu\u1eadn v\u0103n t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n [Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n 1992], nh\u00ecn chung c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean ch\u00fa \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, duy c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean ch\u00fa \u0111ang b\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua (ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean ch\u00fa n\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y) .<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> B\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2008, ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7y Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecbnh. Ghi ch\u00fa n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2009, nh\u00e2n khi cu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea1o M\u1eabu Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> g\u1ed3m hai t\u1eadp [Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecbnh 2009] v\u1eeba ra \u0111\u1eddi. Trong \u0110\u1ea1o M\u1eabu Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i> t\u1eadp 2, t\u1eeb trang 58 \u0111\u1ebfn trang 90 l\u00e0 Ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch l\u1ee5c<\/i> do Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n phi\u00ean \u00e2m v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00fa r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTi\u00ean ph\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch l\u1ee5c<\/i>, do Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n d\u1ecbch, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 cho ph\u00e9p in trong s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, xin c\u1ea3m \u01a1n !\u201d [Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecbnh 2009 : 58].<\/p>\n

\u1ede b\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, nguy\u00ean ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a Ki\u1ec1u O\u00e1nh M\u1eadu v\u1edbi c\u00e2u th\u01a1 \u0111ang b\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch [Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecbnh 2009 : 59], nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u0103m 1992 [Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n 1992 : 32].<\/p>\n

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[9] Khi ch\u1ec9nh l\u00ed b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i (cxg) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i qua mail v\u1edbi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 trang 32 trong Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n 1992. Qua trao \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u00f4i r\u00fat ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m sau: 1<\/b> \u2013 Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 hai b\u1ea3n l\u01b0u t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n 1992 (l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn v\u0103n t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh H\u00e1n N\u00f4m kh\u00f3a 33, Khoa Ng\u1eef v\u0103n, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i): m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n l\u01b0u t\u1ea1i Khoa Ng\u1eef v\u0103n thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y (t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 NXD 1992 -1, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xem \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u \u1edf khoa m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p), hai l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 lu\u1eadn v\u0103n (t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 NXD 1992 – 2, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xem \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00ec l\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n). 2 <\/b>\u2013 Gi\u1eefa NXD 1992 -1 v\u00e0 NXD – 2 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf ch\u00ednh ba ch\u1eef quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang b\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u1edf NXD 1992 -1 th\u00ec l\u00e0 \u201cng\u1ecdc m\u1edfn hoa<\/b>\u201d, c\u00f2n \u1edf NXD 1992-2 th\u00ec l\u00e0 \u201cng\u1ecdc qu\u1ea1nh hoa<\/b>\u201d (nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y, xin c\u1ea3m \u01a1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i qua l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 g\u1eedi \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p trang 32 trong NXD 1992 – 2; ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn anh \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p trang 32 trong NXD 1992 – 1; b\u1ea3n NXD 1992 -1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang c\u00f3 trong tay l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n photocopy t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c l\u01b0u \u1edf Khoa Ng\u1eef v\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y). <\/b>C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa NXD 1992-1 v\u00e0 NXD 1992-2 nh\u01b0 sau. \u1ede NXD 1992 – 2 th\u00ec, ch\u1eef \u201cqu\u1ea1nh\u201d<\/b> \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai ch\u1ed7 (tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n phi\u00ean \u00e2m v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa th\u00edch) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y s\u1eafc n\u00e9t, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft s\u1eefa ch\u1eefa; nh\u01b0ng \u1edf NXD 1992 -1 th\u00ec th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa: tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n phi\u00ean \u00e2m th\u00ec ch\u1eef \u201cm\u1edfn<\/b>\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng tay (m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00f3a \u0111i, v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cm\u1edfn<\/b>\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3), d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa th\u00edch th\u00ec ch\u1eef \u201cm\u1edfn<\/b>\u201d c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng tay v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e8 l\u00ean ch\u1eef \u201cqu\u1ea1nh<\/b>\u201d \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y. 3<\/b> \u2013 Qua \u0111i\u1ec3m 2 \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n sau (qua trao \u0111\u1ed5i, Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0a ra x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn xem ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng): c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 phi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cng\u1ecdc qu\u1ea1nh hoa<\/b>\u201d (th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 \u1edf NXD 1992 -2); r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u1ea1p m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n l\u01b0u \u1edf Khoa Ng\u1eef v\u0103n, \u201cng\u1ecdc qu\u1ea1nh hoa<\/b>\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh l\u00ed th\u00e0nh \u201cng\u1ecdc m\u1edfn hoa<\/b>\u201d (qua d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u1edf NXD 1992 -1).<\/p>\n

Chung qui l\u1ea1i, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 ba t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u sau: NXD 1992 -1, NXD 1992 – 2, v\u00e0 trong Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecbnh 2009 [Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecbnh 2009 : 59; t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 N\u0110T 2009]. N\u1ebfu x\u1ebfp theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian (gi\u1eefa NXD 1992 -1 v\u00e0 NXD 1992 -2), th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc, l\u00e0 \u201cng\u1ecdc qu\u1ea1nh hoa<\/b>\u201d, r\u1ed3i \u201cng\u1ecdc m\u1edfn hoa<\/b>\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec xem b\u1ea3n NXD 1992 -1 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c (gi\u1eefa NXD 1992 -1 v\u00e0 NXD 1992 -2), v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n v\u1eeba c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 trong N\u0110T 2009, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau: c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u1ecdc-m\u1edfn-hoa<\/i> (ng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ea1nh-hoa<\/i>).<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u1eeba th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, c\u00f2n b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Ki\u00eam th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ed1 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Qua m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n in m\u00e0 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u00e0nh v\u1eabn ghi nh\u1ea7m l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u1ea1m V\u0103n Khi\u00eam\u201d, ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 do l\u1ed7i in \u1ea5n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nghe nh\u1ea7m t\u00ean t\u1eeb \u201cKi\u00eam\u201d sang \u201cKhi\u00eam\u201d. \u00d4ng \u0110\u1ee9c c\u0169ng cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cC\u00e1i t\u00ean Ki\u00eam c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3 n\u00f3i, n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1ea7m th\u00e0nh Khi\u00eam\u201d. V\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Ki\u00eam, xin xem b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2002 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 L\u00ea Ylinh [L\u00ea Ylinh 2002 : 75 – 87].<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong b\u1ea3n t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n b\u1ed5 sung n\u0103m 2009, t\u00ean c\u1ee5 Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Ki\u00eam l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ghi nh\u1ea7m th\u00e0nh \u201cPh\u1ea1m V\u0103n Khi\u00eam\u201d [Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecbnh 2009 : 164] .<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> Theo gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e1ch, th\u00ec \u201cPgs. V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a in\u201d [Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean 1996 : 4] .<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc L\u00ed lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian <\/i>thu\u1ed9c kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o Th\u1ea1c s\u0129 V\u0103n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00f3a 15 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2008. \u1ede m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m di t\u00edch, th\u1ea7y Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111o\u00e0n (gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i tr\u00ean) th\u01b0\u1eddng thuy\u1ebft minh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch b\u00e0i tr\u00ed c\u00e1c ban th\u1edd v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u201cc\u1ed1 \u00fd\u201d tham d\u1ef1 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y v\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t ban g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 trong m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch t\u1ea1i L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbp h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o M\u1eabu \u2013 th\u1ea7y Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecbnh \u2013 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u.<\/p>\n

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[15] D\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e2m linh, c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft th\u00eam gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u do H\u1ed9i Ti\u00ean M\u1eabu Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1952 v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean [H\u1ed9i Ti\u00ean M\u1eabu Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1952 : 48 – 49]. Xin xem c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam \u1edf ch\u00fa th\u00edch 16.<\/p>\n

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[16] Khi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 v\u00e0 khi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1eafc m\u1eafc n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng tham v\u1ea5n ba v\u1ecb t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng. Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u00c1nh (Vi\u1ec7n V\u0103n h\u1ecdc) khi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o b\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1eafc m\u1eafc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

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[17] Nguy\u00ean ch\u00fa<\/i>: xin xem ch\u00fa th\u00edch 7.<\/p>\n

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[18] M\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u k\u0129 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ba ch\u1eef \u0111ang b\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0, \u1edf hai trang 48 v\u00e0 49, th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n phi\u00ean \u00e2m, d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean nh\u01b0 sau (\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u00e9p \u0111\u00fang theo nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n, nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i s\u1eafp ch\u1eef\/\u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean; hai ch\u1eef \u201cphi\u00ean \u00e2m\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cgi\u1ea3i th\u00edch\u201d v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t trong d\u1ea5u m\u00f3c vu\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n theo d\u00f5i; m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u1eef \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u201cgi\u1ea3i th\u00edch\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in nghi\u00eang l\u00e0 b\u1edfi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i).<\/p>\n

\u201c[Phi\u00ean \u00e2m<\/i>]<\/p>\n

V\u00e2n t\u00e1c y th\u01b0\u1eddng, phong t\u00e1c xa,
Tri\u00eau du \u0111\u00e2u su\u1ed1t, m\u1ed9 y\u00ean h\u00e0,
Th\u1ebf nh\u01a1n d\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c ng\u00f4 danh t\u00e1nh,
Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u01a1n ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh – Hoa .<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00c1o m\u00e2y, xe gi\u00f3, kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi,
\u0110\u00e2u xu\u1ea5t y\u00ean h\u00e0 s\u1edbm t\u1ed1i ch\u01a1i,
T\u00ean – Hi\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n ai mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft,
Qu\u1ef3nh – Hoa – C\u00f4ng – Ch\u00faa v\u1ed1n Ti\u00ean gi\u1eddi<\/p>\n

[Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/i>]<\/p>\n

Ba \u00f4ng xem xong, th\u1ea5y thi t\u1ee9 tao nh\u00e3, \u00fd t\u1ee9 s\u00e2u xa, sau ngh\u0129 m\u00e3i t\u00e1ng ra r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u1eef nh\u1ea5t<\/i> v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1i<\/i> k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef thi\u00ean<\/i>, ch\u1eef nh\u01a1n<\/i> v\u1edbi ch\u1eef s\u01a1n <\/i>k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef Ti\u00ean<\/i>, ch\u1eef ng\u1ecdc<\/i> v\u1edbi ch\u1eef qu\u00fdnh<\/i> k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef qu\u1ef3nh<\/i>, c\u00f2n ch\u1eef hoa<\/i> \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1ebb m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ch\u1eef hoa<\/i>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ti\u00ean – Ch\u00faa\u201d. \u00d4ng Ph\u00f9ng – th\u1ecb – Gi\u1ea3ng \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ba ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng l\u00e0 duy\u00ean k\u1ef3 ng\u1ed9 v\u1eady\u201d [H\u1ed9i Ti\u00ean M\u1eabu Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1952 : 48 – 49].<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y (\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n s\u00e1ch cho l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f9ng Kh\u1eafc Khoan) v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u201cch\u1eef ng\u1ecdc <\/i>v\u1edbi ch\u1eef qu\u00fdnh <\/i>k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef qu\u1ef3nh<\/i>\u201d (ch\u1eef hoa<\/i> th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9ng ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi qu\u1ef3nh <\/i>\u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ef3nh hoa<\/i>, t\u1ee9c qu\u1ef3nh hoa c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa<\/i>). Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0, d\u00f9 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd do l\u1ed7i s\u1eafp ch\u1eef\/\u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y (tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i s\u1eafp ch\u1eef\/\u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y), m\u00e0 c\u00e2u c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi th\u00e0nh \u201cNh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u01a1n ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa<\/i>\u201d (ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 v\u00ec sao trong t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, b\u1ea3n phi\u00ean \u00e2m b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean l\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1t \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam b\u1ed9). N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u00ean, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng, phi\u00ean \u00e2m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cNh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u01a1n Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u00fdnh Hoa<\/i>\u201d (\u0111\u1ecdc sang ph\u00e1t \u00e2m c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc l\u00e0: Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u00e2n Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u00fdnh Hoa<\/i>)<\/i>.<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y phi\u00ean \u00e2m c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u201cNh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01a1n nh\u00e2n, ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fdnh hoa<\/b><\/i>\u201d (v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a th\u00e0nh: \u201cM\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean non, v\u1edbi hoa Ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fdnh<\/i>\u201d), v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean non<\/i> l\u00e0 ch\u1eef ti\u00ean<\/i> do ch\u1eef nh\u00e2n <\/i>(ng\u01b0\u1eddi) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef s\u01a1n<\/i> (n\u00fai) gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i. Hai ch\u1eef Ng\u1ecdc<\/i> v\u00e0 Qu\u00fdnh<\/i> gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef Qu\u1ef3nh<\/i>. C\u00e2u 4 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a: \u201cTi\u00ean Qu\u1ef3nh hoa\u201d [B\u00f9i V\u0103n Nguy\u00ean, V\u0169 Tu\u1ea5n S\u00e1n, Chu H\u00e0 1975 : 60].<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u201chai ch\u1eef ng\u1ecdc<\/i> v\u00e0 qu\u00fdnh <\/i>gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef qu\u1ef3nh<\/i>\u201d, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ecd cho c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cTi\u00ean Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa<\/i>\u201d, v\u00ec th\u1eadt ra, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cThi\u00ean Ti\u00ean Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa<\/i>\u201d. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng, nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean m\u00e0 hai ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i (phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i<\/i>) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb vi\u1ebft nh\u1ea7m t\u1eeb \u58f9\u5927 (nh\u1ea5t<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t<\/i>, \u0111\u1ea1i<\/i> l\u00e0 l\u1edbn<\/i>, gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh thi\u00ean<\/i>, t\u1ee9c tr\u1eddi<\/i><\/b>) sang \u58f9\u4ee3 (nh\u1ea5t<\/i> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t<\/i>, \u0111\u1ea1i<\/i> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi<\/i>, gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi<\/i><\/b>). B\u1edfi v\u1eady, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a c\u1ea3 c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i \u1ea5y th\u00e0nh \u201cM\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi <\/i><\/b>ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean non, v\u1edbi hoa Ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fdnh<\/i>\u201d.<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, hai t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn l\u1ea1i (nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c theo nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i bi\u00ean theo \u00fd m\u00ecnh) b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m B\u00f9i V\u0103n Nguy\u00ean cho c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ti\u00ean (trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hai ch\u1eef ng\u1ecdc<\/i> v\u00e0 qu\u00fdnh<\/i> gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef qu\u1ef3nh<\/i>), v\u00e0 k\u00e8m theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1ch phi\u00ean \u00e2m h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c (h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n) so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch VCTN t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nay\u201d.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hai t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ed do \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc \u201cng\u1ecdc-qu\u00fdnh-hoa<\/i>\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m B\u00f9i V\u0103n Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n\u201d c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch VCTN t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nay, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd do khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Trong t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i (kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u0103n t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c), tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 B\u00f9i V\u0103n Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 20 n\u0103m, t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u do H\u1ed9i Ti\u00ean M\u1eabu Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1952 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u201cch\u1eef ng\u1ecdc<\/i> v\u1edbi ch\u1eef qu\u00fdnh<\/i> k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef qu\u1ef3nh<\/i>\u201d [H\u1ed9i Ti\u00ean M\u1eabu Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1952 : 48 – 49] . V\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, xin xem ch\u00fa th\u00edch 18.<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> B\u1ea3n phi\u00ean \u00e2m, d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Gi\u00e1p nh\u01b0 sau (\u1edf ph\u1ea7n phi\u00ean \u00e2m th\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 \u201cK\u1ec9 M\u00e3o\u201d, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf n\u1eeda sau ph\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch th\u01a1 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i nh\u1ea7m \u201cK\u1ec9 M\u00e3o\u201d th\u00e0nh \u201c\u1ea4t M\u00e3o\u201d, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u01a1 su\u1ea5t khi ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3n).<\/p>\n

Phi\u00ean \u00e2m:<\/p>\n

Long Phi K\u1ec9 M\u00e3o<\/b> ni\u00ean
K\u1ec9 M\u00e3o tr\u00f9ng tu ti\u1ebft m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f4ng,
T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 hi\u1ec3n t\u00edch l\u1ecbch tri\u1ec1u phong.
Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u01b0u c\u00f4ng t\u1eadp,
V\u1ea1n c\u1ed5 anh linh kh\u00e1nh h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng.
M\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f4ng nguy\u1ec7t H\u00e0 th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n

Tr\u00f9ng tu di t\u00edch v\u00e0o ti\u1ebft thu n\u0103m K\u1ef7 M\u00e3o<\/b>,
Di t\u00edch T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i phong t\u1eb7ng,
Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ee3 tr\u00f9ng tu,
Mu\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1edf anh linh c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 m\u1eebng kh\u00e1nh gi\u00e1.
Long Phi H\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m \u1ea4t M\u00e3o<\/b><\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch th\u01a1:<\/p>\n

\u1ea4t M\u00e3o<\/b> tr\u00f9ng tu ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f4ng,
T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 hi\u1ec3n t\u00edch c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u phong,
Ng\u00e0y nay nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc gia c\u00f4ng s\u1eeda,
Mu\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1edf anh linh ch\u00fac kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

[Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y H\u1ed3 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i 2006 : 29]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u1edbi ri\u00eang c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u1ecdc-qu\u1ef3nh-hoa, c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y: (1) \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a M\u1eabu Li\u1ec5u (l\u00e0 \u201cQu\u1ef3nh Hoa\u201d hay \u201cNg\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh Hoa\u201d); (2) \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ean m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i hoa (l\u00e0 \u201choa Ng\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh\u201d…. [Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra,] ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: ng\u1ecdc-qu\u00fdnh-hoa l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1527,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,9,181],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15678","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-nghien-cuu","category-tu-lieu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15678","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1527"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15678"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15678\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":52574,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15678\/revisions\/52574"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15678"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15678"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15678"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}