{"id":14774,"date":"2007-01-27T06:28:36","date_gmt":"2007-01-27T06:28:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/?p=14774"},"modified":"2022-02-27T01:29:45","modified_gmt":"2022-02-27T01:29:45","slug":"dung-cach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/14774\/dung-cach","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u00fang c\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tim O’Brien <\/strong>(1946~) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 tham chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Gi\u1ea3i ng\u0169 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1970, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1973, O’Brien xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n k\u00fd s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi nhan \u0111\u1ec1 If I Die in a Combat Zone: Box Me Up and Ship Me Home<\/em>. N\u0103m 1975, \u00f4ng cho ra \u0111\u1eddi ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u tay Northern Lights<\/em>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i gi\u1eefa hai quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1978, \u00f4ng tung ra ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp: Going After Cacciato<\/em>, v\u1eabn l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u01b0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 xo\u00e1 nho\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i National Book Award n\u0103m 1979. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n Nuclear Age<\/em> (1984), ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1990, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft The Things They Carried<\/em>. Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 22 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng ri\u00eang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn. Th\u1eadt ra, c\u00f3 10 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\/truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1977 \u0111\u1ebfn 1986 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh cho O’Brien r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i tr\u1eafng ra.
\nT\u00f4i b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i ba tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u00fang v\u1eady, v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i xuy\u00ean qua Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed9 binh.
\nH\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf.
\nNh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c. Ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00fac n\u00e0y, l\u00fac t\u00f4i s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i \u0111ang suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n k\u1ec3 cho qu\u00fd v\u1ecb t\u1ea1i sao cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n k\u1ec3 cho qu\u00fd v\u1ecb nghe chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y: c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n g\u1ea7n l\u00e0ng M\u1ef9 Kh\u00ea. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, th\u1eadt v\u1eady, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 mang t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. T\u00f4i c\u00f2n nh\u1edb khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eb9p, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1i h\u00e0m l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f2n nh\u1edb t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 t\u00e2m. T\u00f4i t\u1ef1 k\u1ebft \u00e1n t\u00f4i. V\u00e0 l\u00e0m v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, v\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y nghe \u0111\u00e2y. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecba ra.
\nT\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n qu\u00fd v\u1ecb bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1-th\u1eadt-trong-truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1-th\u1eadt-c\u00f3-x\u1ea3y-ra.
\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1-th\u1eadt-c\u00f3-x\u1ea3y-ra. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac \u1ea5y t\u00f4i c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ee3, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m nh\u00ecn. V\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n mang trong t\u00f4i c\u00e1i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 t\u00e2m v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng.
\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1-th\u1eadt-trong-truy\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu trai tr\u1ebb ch\u1eebng hai m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i, thon g\u1ecdn, kh\u00e1 d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u00f3 n\u1eb1m ch\u1ebft gi\u1eefa con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf g\u1ea7n l\u00e0ng M\u1ef9 Kh\u00ea. C\u00e1i h\u00e0m n\u00f3 l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t m\u1eaft n\u00f3 kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i, m\u1eaft kia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u1ed7 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4i sao. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft n\u00f3.
\n\u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m, t\u00f4i \u0111o\u00e1n, l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n.
\nT\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nh\u00ecn. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eafn nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t v\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m kh\u1ed5 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 ni\u1ebfm th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh can \u0111\u1ea3m. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa.
\n\u201cB\u1ed1 \u01a1i, h\u00e3y k\u1ec3 th\u1eadt,\u201d Kathleen c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi, \u201cb\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng gi\u1ebft ai ch\u01b0a?\u201d v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt, \u201cD\u0129 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng.\u201d
\nHo\u1eb7c t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt, \u201cC\u00f3.\u201d
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c: “Good form,” Tim O’Brien, The Things They Carried<\/em> (London: Collins, 1990) 195-196.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 b\u00fat ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Tim O’Brien qua t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m The Things They Carried<\/em>, \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn \u201cV\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o b\u00fat ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi\u201d<\/a><\/strong> c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u1ecdc-Tu\u1ea5n. (B\u00fat ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Larry Heinemann qua ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Paco’s Story<\/em> c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1-th\u1eadt-c\u00f3-x\u1ea3y-ra. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac \u1ea5y t\u00f4i c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ee3, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m nh\u00ecn. V\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n mang trong t\u00f4i c\u00e1i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 t\u00e2m v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":641,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[221,250,26,22,42,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cac-so-da-mau-dinh-ky","category-da-mau-so-23","category-dich-thuat","category-sang-tac","category-sang-viet-ngu","category-truyen-ngan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14774","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/641"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14774"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14774\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":72423,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14774\/revisions\/72423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}