{"id":14768,"date":"2007-01-27T05:55:45","date_gmt":"2007-01-27T05:55:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/?p=14768"},"modified":"2019-03-01T11:35:05","modified_gmt":"2019-03-01T11:35:05","slug":"giao-khuc-chet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/14768\/giao-khuc-chet","title":{"rendered":"Giao kh\u00fac ch\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Paul Celan t\u00ean th\u1eadt l\u00e0 Paul Antschel, sanh n\u0103m 1920 \u1edf Czernowitz, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e2t Bukovina (gi\u1eefa Romania v\u00e0 Ukraine). Cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i, n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c, n\u00ean ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u0169ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u00e8n \u00e9p \u00f4ng sau n\u00e0y trong Th\u1ebf Chi\u1ebfn II. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1n v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c Holocaust, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb d\u1eb1n v\u1eb7t vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\n\u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cmay m\u1eafn\u201d trong cu\u1ed9c Holocaust. \u0110\u00eam 27\/6\/1942, khi cha m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00f9a b\u1eaft chung v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u00f4ng \u0111ang ng\u1ee7 l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n. Khi \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau, \u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ni\u00eam v\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa. H\u1ecd b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ukraine, sau n\u00e0y m\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Celan sau c\u0169ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111i l\u00e0m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Romania, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1ecb giam trong Auschwitz hay tr\u1ea1i ch\u1ebft (death camp) n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u cha m\u1eb9 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft giam.<\/p>\n

\nSau chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u1edf Bucharest v\u00e0 Vienna, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1948. N\u0103m 1952, \u00f4ng l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Gis\u00e8le Lestrange. Celan c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau Holocaust, \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 \u00e1m. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea5t, \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ed1c. Sau khi ly th\u00e2n v\u1ee3, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 t\u1eed trong s\u00f4ng Seine n\u0103m 1970, ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi 50 tu\u1ed5i. Tr\u00ean b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Holderlin, m\u1edf ra n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 g\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi: \u2018\u0110\u00f4i khi, thi\u00ean t\u00e0i n\u00e0y tr\u1edf t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o gi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1eafng trong t\u00e2m\u201d.<\/p>\n

\nB\u00e0i th\u01a1 Todesfuge (Giao kh\u00fac ch\u1ebft), vi\u1ebft l\u00fac \u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, 24 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 kh\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II. B\u00e0i th\u01a1 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ea1i giam b\u1eaft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n Do th\u00e1i h\u00f2a nh\u1ea1c trong l\u00fac s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u00f4n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u01a1 mang m\u1ed9t nh\u1ea1c t\u00ednh th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n, l\u1eabn v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea1c fugue (th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea1c n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n m\u1ef9 d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c JS Bach), Celan nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh si\u00eau th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Do th\u00e1i qua Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II. (vi\u1ebft theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb everything2.com)<\/em><\/p>\n

Giao Kh\u00fac Ch\u1ebft<\/strong>
\nS\u1eefa \u0111en t\u1eeb v\u1ee1 s\u00e1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng l\u00fac chi\u1ec1u<\/p>\n

ch\u00fang t\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0a v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng ban \u0111\u00eam<\/p>\n

ch\u00fang t\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n

ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e0o n\u1ea5m m\u1ed3 trong tr\u1eddi r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng trong c\u0103n nh\u00e0 h\u1eafn gi\u1ee1n ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi r\u1eafn v\u00e0 h\u1eafn vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n

h\u1eafn vi\u1ebft khi t\u1ed1i tr\u1eddi g\u1edfi v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ee9c t\u00f3c v\u00e0ng Margarete[1]<\/sup> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i<\/p>\n

h\u1eafn vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00ec sao l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh h\u1eafn hu\u00fdt gi\u00f3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n<\/p>\n

h\u1eafn hu\u00fdt gi\u00f3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e1m Do-th\u00e1i x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e0o n\u1ea5m m\u1ed3 trong \u0111\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

h\u1eafn ra l\u1ec7nh cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00ean \u0111\u00e0n h\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa
\nS\u1eefa \u0111en t\u1eeb v\u1ee1 s\u00e1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng mi ban \u0111\u00eam<\/p>\n

ch\u00fang t\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng mi s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng mi l\u00fac chi\u1ec1u<\/p>\n

u\u1ed1ng mi u\u1ed1ng mi<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng trong c\u0103n nh\u00e0 h\u1eafn gi\u1ee1n ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi r\u1eafn v\u00e0 h\u1eafn vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n

h\u1eafn vi\u1ebft khi t\u1ed1i tr\u1eddi g\u1edfi v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ee9c t\u00f3c v\u00e0ng Margarete c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i<\/p>\n

t\u00f3c tro Shulamith[2]<\/sup> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00e0o n\u1ea5m m\u1ed3 trong tr\u1eddi r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u01a1i n\u1eb1m<\/p>\n

H\u1eafn qu\u00e1t th\u00e1o m\u00e0y kia x\u1eafn s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u00e0y n\u1ecd m\u00e0y h\u00e1t m\u00e0y \u0111\u00e0n<\/p>\n

h\u1eafn k\u00e9o g\u1eady s\u1eaft t\u1eeb l\u01b0ng qu\u1ea7n h\u1eafn vung l\u00ean m\u1eaft h\u1eafn m\u00e0u xanh<\/p>\n

m\u00e0y kia x\u1eafn s\u1ebbng s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u00e0y n\u1ecd \u0111\u00e0n ti\u1ebfp cho m\u00e0n m\u00faa nh\u1ea3y
\nS\u1eefa \u0111en t\u1eeb v\u1ee1 s\u00e1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng mi bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i<\/p>\n

ch\u00fang t\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng mi gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0a v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng mi l\u00fac chi\u1ec1u<\/p>\n

u\u1ed1ng mi u\u1ed1ng mi<\/p>\n

ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng trong c\u0103n nh\u00e0 t\u00f3c v\u00e0ng Margarete c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i<\/p>\n

t\u00f3c tro Shulamith c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u1eafn gi\u1ee1n ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi r\u1eafn<\/p>\n

H\u1eafn qu\u00e1t th\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0n nh\u1ea1c ch\u1ebft du d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n Ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u00faa tr\u00f9m t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

h\u1eafn qu\u00e1t th\u00e1o k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ea7u h\u01a1n t\u1ee5i m\u00e0y bay l\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u00ean tr\u1eddi nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3i<\/p>\n

c\u00e0o n\u1ea5m m\u1ed3 trong m\u00e2y r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ed7 t\u1ee5i m\u00e0y n\u1eb1m
\nS\u1eefa \u0111en t\u1eeb v\u1ee1 s\u00e1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng mi bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i<\/p>\n

ch\u00fang t\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng mi gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0a Ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u00faa tr\u00f9m t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c<\/p>\n

ch\u00fang t\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng mi bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u00faa tr\u00f9m t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c m\u1eaft h\u1eafn m\u00e0u xanh<\/p>\n

h\u1eafn b\u1eafn ng\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1n ch\u00ec h\u1eafn nh\u1eafm ngang t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n<\/p>\n

ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng trong c\u0103n nh\u00e0 t\u00f3c v\u00e0ng Margarete c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i<\/p>\n

h\u1eafn s\u0103n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1edbi ch\u00f3 h\u1eafn cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t n\u1ea5m m\u1ed3 trong tr\u1eddi<\/p>\n

h\u1eafn gi\u1ee1n ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi r\u1eafn v\u00e0 m\u01a1 m\u00e0ng Ch\u1ebft ein Meister[3]<\/sup> aus Deutschland
\nc\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i goldenes Haar Margarete
\nc\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i aschenes Haar Shulamith<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c: \u201cTodesfuge\u201d (Deathfugue), th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Paul Celan<\/p>\n

vi l\u00e3ng chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a John Felstiner<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:
\n[1] Margareta l\u00e0 t\u00ean m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh trong truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Faust v\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Goethe<\/p>\n

[2] Shulamith l\u00e0 qu\u1eadn ch\u00faa Do Th\u00e1i trong B\u00e0i Ca Solomon (Song of Solomon) trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc<\/p>\n

[3] Ch\u00faa tr\u00f9m: d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ch\u1eef \u201cMeister\u201d, m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb mang nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a (Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf, Jesus, gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Do th\u00e1i, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, qu\u00e1n qu\u00e2n, th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh, ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n, th\u1ea1c s\u0129, cai tr\u1ea1i, nh\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng, v.v.)<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n


\nDeathfugue<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/strong>Black milk at daybreak we drink it at evening
\nwe drink it at midday and morning we drink it at night
\nwe drink and we drink
\nwe shovel a grave in the air there you won’t lie too cramped
\nA man lives in the house he plays with his vipers he writes
\nhe writes when it grows dark to Deutschland your golden hair Margeurite
\n<\/a>he writes it and steps out of doors and the stars are all sparkling
\nhe whistles his hounds to come close
\nhe whistles his Jews into rows has them shovel a grave in the ground
\nhe orders<\/a> us strike up and play for the dance<\/p>\n

Black milk of daybreak we drink you at night
\n<\/a>we drink you at morning and midday we drink you at evening
\nwe drink and we drink
\nA man lives in the house he plays with his vipers he writes
\nhe writes when it grows dark to Deutschland your golden hair Margeurite
\nyour ashen hair Shulamith we shovel a grave in the air there you won’t lie too cramped
\nHe shouts jab this earth deeper you lot there you others sing up and play
\nhe grabs for the rod in his belt he swings it his eyes are blue
\njab your spades deeper you lot there you others play on for the dancing<\/p>\n

Black milk of daybreak we drink you at night
\nwe drink you at midday and morning we drink you at evening
\nwe drink and we drink
\na man lives in the house your goldenes Haar Margeurite
\nyour aschenes Haar Shulamith he plays with his vipers
\nHe shouts play death more sweetly Death is a master from Deutschland
\nhe shouts scrape your strings darker you’ll rise then in smoke to the sky
\nyou’ll have a grave then in the clouds there you won’t lie too cramped<\/p>\n

Black milk of daybreak we drink you at night
\nwe drink you at midday Death is a master aus Deutschland
\nwe drink you at evening and morning we drink and we drink
\nthis Death is ein Meister<\/a> aus Deutschland his eye it is blue
\nhe shoots you with shot made of lead shoots you level and true
\na man lives in the house your goldenes Haar Margarete
\nhe looses his hounds on us grants us a grave in the air
\nhe plays with his vipers and daydreams der Tod is ein Meister aus Deutschland<\/p>\n

dein goldenes Haar Margarete
\ndein aschenes Haar Shulamith<\/p>\n


\n(Translated from the German by John Felstiner)<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u1eefa \u0111en t\u1eeb v\u1ee1 s\u00e1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng l\u00fac chi\u1ec1u
\nch\u00fang t\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0a v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng ban \u0111\u00eam
\nch\u00fang t\u00f4i u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng
\nch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e0o n\u1ea5m m\u1ed3 trong tr\u1eddi r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng trong c\u0103n nh\u00e0 h\u1eafn gi\u1ee1n ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi r\u1eafn v\u00e0 h\u1eafn vi\u1ebft<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":646,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[221,250,26,22,210,37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14768","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cac-so-da-mau-dinh-ky","category-da-mau-so-23","category-dich-thuat","category-sang-tac","category-song-ngu","category-tho"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14768","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/646"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14768"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14768\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14770,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14768\/revisions\/14770"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14768"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14768"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14768"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}