{"id":13876,"date":"2006-12-16T22:31:33","date_gmt":"2006-12-17T05:31:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/?p=13876"},"modified":"2010-07-27T22:35:06","modified_gmt":"2010-07-28T05:35:06","slug":"toni-morrison","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/13876\/toni-morrison","title":{"rendered":"Toni Morrison"},"content":{"rendered":"
Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00e0i<\/strong><\/em> chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u201cH\u00e3y cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng. C\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean l\u1ec1. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng ngay t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1n n\u00e0y. B\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng ngo\u00e0i r\u00eca nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ta \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh.\u201d <\/em>(tr\u00edch di\u1ec5n v\u0103n Nobel 1993)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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L\u00e0 n\u1eef t\u00e1c gia M\u1ef9 (sinh 1931) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m 1993, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Toni Morrison khai th\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da \u0111en trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 do nam gi\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. Trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111a t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Morrison t\u1eebng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c gia (National Council on the Arts) v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m V\u0103n h\u1ecdc & Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Hoa K\u1ef3 (American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
T\u00ean th\u1eadt l\u00e0 Chloe Anthony Wofford. Toni Morrison sinh \u1edf Lorain, Ohio, n\u01a1i cha m\u1eb9 b\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c \u1edf ph\u00eda nam. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n nh\u1eadp c\u01b0, hai b\u00ean n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ed1c t\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1n. Morrison l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng da \u0111en \u1edf Lorain. Morrison \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 \u1edf v\u00f9ng Midwest v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u1ea5u nghi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Jane Austen t\u1edbi Tolstoy. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha, George Wofford, l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee3 h\u00e0n, \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 cho Morrison nghe nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec7n d\u00e2n gian c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng da \u0111en, chuy\u1ec3n giao l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i di s\u1ea3n M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c. N\u0103m 1949, Morrison ghi danh v\u00e0o Howard University \u1edf Washington DC \u2013 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc danh ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, Morrison \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1i t\u1ee5c danh \u201cChloe\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u201cToni\u201d \u2013 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0i th\u00edch l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u201cChloe.\u201d Morrison ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Cornell University \u1edf Ithaca, New York, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng Th\u1ea1c s\u0129 n\u0103m 1955 v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn \u00e1n v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u00e0o William Faulkner v\u00e0 Virginia Woolf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1955-57, Morrison l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ng\u1eef v\u0103n t\u1ea1i Texas Southern University \u1edf Houston v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y trong Khoa ng\u1eef v\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Howard. N\u0103m 1964, b\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Syracuse, New York l\u00e0 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa. Sau 18 th\u00e1ng, b\u00e0 l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5ng v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng New York c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Random House. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y b\u00e0 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 da \u0111en nh\u01b0 Toni Cade Bambara v\u00e0 Gayl Jones. B\u00e0 c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf hai chi nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a State University of New York. N\u0103m 1984, b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Qu\u1ef9 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n Albert Schweitzer c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc New York \u1edf Albany, n\u01a1i b\u00e0 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n tr\u1ebb trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng 2 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
V\u1eeba d\u1ea1y \u1edf Howard University v\u1eeba nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng 2 con, Morrison v\u1eeba vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u tay The Bluest Eye<\/em> (t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch M\u1eaft Bi\u1ebfc,<\/em> 1970). Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Morrison nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i ch\u00ednh b\u00e0 n\u0103m 1992 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf n\u00f3: \u201cT\u00f4i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 Chloe Anthony Wofford. \u0110\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch Chloe Wofford. T\u00f4i \u00e2n h\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Toni Morrison khi xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean The Bluest Eye<\/em>. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf mi\u1ec1n Midwest. M\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en. Cu\u1ed1n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Morrison \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1966 cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0 v\u0103n m\u00e0 b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gia nh\u1eadp sau khi \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 6 n\u0103m v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 Harold Morrison ng\u01b0\u1eddi Jamaica. N\u00e0ng Pecola Breedlove, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trung t\u00e2m, \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00eam c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhan s\u1eafc m\u1eaft xanh c\u1ee7a n\u1eef t\u00e0i t\u1eed Shirley Temple. N\u00e0ng ta tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft m\u00e0u xanh xinh \u0111\u1eb9p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn chuy\u1ec7n, Claudia MacTeer, c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t Pecola. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1983, Morrison kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn. Truy\u1ec7n Recitatif<\/em> (H\u00e1t n\u00f3i<\/em>), vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c m\u00e0u da, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong t\u1eadp Imamu Amiri and Amina Baraka’s Confirmation<\/em> (1983) \u2013 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p tuy\u1ec3n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eef da \u0111en.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Sula<\/em> (1973) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n n\u1eef da \u0111en c\u00f9ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf Medallion, Ohio. Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Sula \u2013 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n t\u1ef1 do b\u1ecb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u2013 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng Nel, t\u1eeb thu\u1edf \u1ea5u th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Cu\u1ed1n n\u00e0y gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng National Book Critics Award. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn Morrison khi b\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n Song of Solomon<\/em> (B\u00e0i ca Solomon,<\/em> 1977) \u2013 m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd ngang t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1n Roots<\/em> (C\u1ed9i r\u1ec5<\/em>) c\u1ee7a Alex Haley. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0o Book-of-the-Month Club v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 da \u0111en \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n Native Son<\/em> (\u0110\u1ee9a con b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9<\/em>) c\u1ee7a Richard Wright n\u0103m 1949. Vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Milkman Dead gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u201ct\u00e0i s\u1ea3n t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean\u201d \u2013 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea7m gi\u1ea5u v\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Sau th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Song of Solomon<\/em>, Morrison mua m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 4 t\u1ea7ng g\u1ea7n Nyack, N.Y. N\u0103m 1987 b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong danh hi\u1ec7u Robert F. Goheen Professor trong H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Nh\u00e2n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Princeton. N\u0103m 1988 Morrison nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Pulitzer cho ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Beloved<\/em> (Th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em>, 1987) sau m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 ng\u1ecf do 48 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n da \u0111en l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u00fd t\u00ean, \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed New York Times Book Review<\/em> v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng National Book Award n\u0103m 1987 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 v\u0103n qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Morrison ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 vinh d\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i National Book Award hay Pulitzer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Beloved <\/em>l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1eef n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 M\u1ef9 \u0111en, Margaret Garner. C\u00f4 ta c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng Robert ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n \u1edf Kentucky v\u00e0 t\u00ecm n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n \u1edf Ohio. Khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 n\u00f4 b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd, c\u00f4 ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9a con th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 m\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t. Morrison sau n\u00e0y k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng, \u201cL\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lo \u00e2u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt.\u201d Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh Sethe c\u1ed1 gi\u1ebft h\u1ebft hai \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cBeloved.\u201d C\u00e1i ch\u1eef \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi tr\u00ean m\u1ed9 ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9, Sethe kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 cho \u0111\u1ee7 hai ch\u1eef \u201cDearly Beloved\u201d (Y\u00eau Th\u01b0\u01a1ng). Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Sethe n\u01a1i c\u00f4 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng con g\u00e1i nh\u1ecf Denver b\u1ecb h\u1ed3n ma \u0111\u1ee9a con s\u01a1 sinh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft \u00e1m \u1ea3nh. Sethe ngh\u0129: \u201cAi m\u00e0 ng\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf x\u00edu l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf?\u201d Paul D. \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sethe quen t\u1eeb th\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 – gh\u00e9 th\u0103m c\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch xua \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ed3n ma \u0111i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian. \u201cV\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u nguy hi\u1ec3m, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi c\u00f4 ta \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft d\u1ed3n h\u1ebft t\u00ecnh y\u00eau cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con. T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t \u00edt.\u201d Th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4i \u0111i, Beloved ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng d\u1eef t\u1ee3n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 Paul D. R\u1ed3i Denver b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 \u0111i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y Sethe \u1edf n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea7n tru\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Beloved b\u1ee5ng ch\u1eeda v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1eb7t. B\u00f9a m\u00ea tan bi\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 Beloved bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Paul D. tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c Sethe. Truy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh phim n\u0103m 1998. \u0110\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n Jonathan Demme \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 x\u1ea3o v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kinh d\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n. Oprah Winfrey th\u1ee7 vai Sethe; c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 mua quy\u1ec1n chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh ngay sau khi cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. Ba nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Akosua Busia, Richard LaGravenese, v\u00e0 Adam Brooks c\u00f9ng vi\u1ebft k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n. \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 phim n\u00e0o b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e8 b\u1eb9p b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng khoa tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 phim Beloved<\/em>. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1ea1c n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c Rachel Portman, th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdng solo r\u00ean xi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng, c\u0169ng b\u1ecb sa l\u1ea7y trong ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Winfrey, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00ec say m\u00ea kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat nao n\u00fang, v\u00e0 c\u00f4 ta \u0111\u00e3 tung h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh l\u1eabn danh ti\u1ebfng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1ng b\u00e1 n\u00f3.\u201d (tr\u00edch Novels into Film<\/em> (Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh phim<\/em>) c\u1ee7a John C. Tibbetts v\u00e0 James M. Welsh \u2013 1999).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Trong Jazz<\/em> (1992), Joe \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng chung th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a Violet \u2013 gi\u1ebft Dorcas trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn. C\u00e1ch thu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ea3n m\u1ea1n \u0111i theo c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Morrison sau khi nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i Nobel l\u00e0 Paradise<\/em> (Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em>, 1998). M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa Morrison l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u1edf Ruby, Oklahoma. Ch\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i t\u1eebng l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eef sinh c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7t danh \u201cTu vi\u1ec7n\u201d b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 tr\u00e1i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u1ed3ng hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3i, hay ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh. Di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 do gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, Morrison xem x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ruby, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n da \u0111en v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u0169 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft l\u00f2ng gi\u1ebft h\u1ecd. \u201cCu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft quanh c\u00e1i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, ai thu\u1ed9c v\u1ebf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3,\u201d \u2013 Morrison n\u00f3i trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n tr\u00ean t\u1edd The New York Times<\/em> (8\/1\/1998). \u201cM\u1ecdi thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7t khu c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1c trong khi k\u1ebb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3. Khi ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee9 8 c\u1ee7a Morison, Love<\/em> (T\u00ecnh y\u00eau<\/em>, 2003), c\u0169ng di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 do trong th\u1eddi gian gi\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1n Paradise<\/em>. Truy\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda Bill Cosey, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thu h\u00fat, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft t\u1eeb l\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean, v\u00e0 2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 g\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta v\u00e0 c\u00f4 ch\u00e1u n\u1ed9i s\u1ed1ng trong c\u01a1 ng\u01a1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Michiko Kakutani vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean t\u1edd The New York Times<\/em> (31\/10\/2003) r\u1eb1ng, \u201cTruy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecdc to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t phim truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp ki\u1ec3u gothic, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o theo \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 cay nghi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u00edch k\u1ef7, tr\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i: \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 sa v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 c\u1ea5u x\u00e9 d\u1eef t\u1ee3n nh\u01b0 phim ho\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh; \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng th\u00ec lang ch\u1ea1 lung tung v\u00e0 \u0111i ch\u01a1i nh\u00e0 th\u1ed5.\u201d C\u00f2n Jonathan Yardley tr\u00ean t\u1edd Washington Post<\/em> (26\/10\/2003) th\u00ec than phi\u1ec1n r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u201c\u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n l\u1ed9 li\u1ec5u\u201d \u2013 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 n\u1eef t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1974: \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c n\u00e0o x\u01b0a nay m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i phi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y hay m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1edfi v\u00ec ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf \u2013 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch.\u201d<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u00e0 n\u1eef t\u00e1c gia M\u1ef9 (sinh 1931) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m 1993, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Toni Morrison khai th\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da \u0111en trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 do nam gi\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. Trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111a t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":551,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,221,243,26,42,138],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13876","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-cac-so-da-mau-dinh-ky","category-da-mau-so-17","category-dich-thuat","category-sang-viet-ngu","category-tieu-luan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13876","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/551"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13876"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13876\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13877,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13876\/revisions\/13877"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13876"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13876"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13876"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}