BI\u1ebeN \u0110\u1ed8NG CH\u00cdNH TR\u1eca TH\u1edcI NH\u00c0 \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG<\/p>\n
Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Huy\u1ec1n T\u00f4n (\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Minh Ho\u00e0ng) tr\u1ecb v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0ng son” c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u0103n h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111ua nhau n\u1edf r\u1ed9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i b\u1eafc tri\u1ec1u li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng ra m\u1ecdi ng\u1ea3. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 xem qua, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 722 v\u00e0 751 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 S\u1ee9 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 L\u01b0 Ng\u01b0. L\u01b0 Ng\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 \u1edf \u00e0ng An Vi\u1ec5n c\u00e1ch T\u1eed Th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y. H\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi phong c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a An Vi\u1ec5n n\u00ean L\u01b0 Ng\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 cho d\u1ecdn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n dinh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u1ea5p \u1edf trong l\u00e0ng. Ngay trung t\u00e2m b\u1ea3n dinh, \u00f4ng cho x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd s\u1ed1ng \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Huy\u1ec1n T\u00f4n v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean Khai Nguy\u00ean (713-741) v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m bia ghi kh\u1eafc c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ” Khai Nguy\u00ean Thi\u00ean T\u1eed “. Ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n v\u00e0 bia c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp ra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n th\u1edd v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung Qu\u1ed1c d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Huy\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng. C\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 L\u01b0u Ng\u01b0 c\u0169ng cho d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 ca t\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0ng An Vi\u1ec5n. S\u1eed ch\u00e9p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd n\u00e0y l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ea7u xin n\u00ean h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3i ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1eaft!<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t danh lam th\u1eafng c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a An Nam \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 Ph\u1ee7 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nh\u1eb1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u1edd c\u00fang t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a L\u01b0 Ng\u01b0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m th\u1edd c\u00fang l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Huy\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eefng \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba khi\u1ebfn d\u00e2n An Nam b\u1ecb ru ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 qu\u00ean \u0111i nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng n\u1eef l\u01b0u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111ang \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n L\u01b0 Ng\u01b0 v\u00e0 ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Minh Ho\u00e0ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c T\u1ed5ng Qu\u1ea3n nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang sau khi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn hai cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0o n\u0103m 687 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Mai Th\u00fac Loan v\u00e0o n\u0103m 722. \u0110\u01b0a Huy\u1ec1n T\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf l\u00ean ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c anh h\u00f9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ed3i nh\u00e9t c\u00e1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 b\u1eafc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho th\u1ea5y th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng ki\u1ec1m t\u1ecfa c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u1edf g\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 \u1edf gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 8 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh theo ki\u1ec3u Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i An Nam \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 Ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m th\u1edd c\u00fang v\u1eeba th\u1edd th\u1ed5 th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1eeba th\u1edd v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong k\u1ebf s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n
Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 r\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u01a1i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 687 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a n\u1ed5i d\u1eady b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Mai Th\u00fac Loan n\u0103m 722, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1eed li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng . Nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 r\u01b0\u1ee1i cu\u1ed1i tri\u1ec1u \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u00ec c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng kho\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 8 l\u00e0m cho \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ec1u m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ec1u \u1edf V\u00e2n Nam b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi c\u01a1 m\u1edbi cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n
Trong 25 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 8, c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t t\u1eeb B\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi An Nam xuy\u00ean qua T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 V\u00e2n Nam. Ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn d\u1ecdc con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c binh s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u00fa. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam Chi\u1ebfu \u1edf V\u00e2n Nam m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ec1u vun tr\u1ed3ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cho Nam Chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00fai \u1edf d\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n Nam c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng khi Nam Chi\u1ebfu m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean th\u00ec quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i x\u1ea5u \u0111i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 751, \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 S\u1ee9 An Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c \u1edf Qu\u1ebf Ch\u00e2u t\u00ean l\u00e0 H\u00e0 L\u00fd Quang, \u0111em m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o V\u00e2n Nam. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh An Ninh, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u00f9ng trung \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a V\u00e2n Nam v\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i c\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi theo ki\u1ec3u M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb1m ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh Nam Chi\u1ebfu nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb th\u1ea3m b\u1ea1i khi ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m Nam Chi\u1ebfu \u1edf v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 200 d\u1eadm ph\u00eda T\u00e2y th\u00e0nh An Ninh. Hai n\u0103m sau, H\u00e0 L\u00fd Quang l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 huy t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n l\u1ea5y \u1edf kh\u1eafp mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh Nam Chi\u1ebfu l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n Nam Chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1nh cho tan t\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 754.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn bi\u00ean th\u00f9y. N\u0103m 751, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c du m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Nam M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5; c\u0169ng n\u0103m \u1ea5y, qu\u00e2n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Trung \u00c1 b\u1ecb thua m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u1edf Samarkand m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean minh \u1ea2 R\u1eadp v\u1edbi Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 xua tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu h\u1eb3n \u0111i v\u00ec uy quy\u1ec1n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng Ti\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9 S\u1ee9 (ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1) ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Trung Qu\u1ed1c. N\u0103m 755 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng Ti\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9 S\u1ee9 \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi M\u00e3n Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 An L\u1ed9c S\u01a1n l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n. An L\u1ed9c S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1ng cho \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ec1u m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n ch\u00ed t\u1eed m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ef1c d\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a An L\u1ed9c S\u01a1n n\u0103m 757 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n v\u00ec nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n m\u00e0 An L\u1ed9c S\u01a1n g\u00e2y ra kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tham v\u1ecdng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh An L\u1ed9c S\u01a1n. Trong n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau \u0111\u00f3, mi\u1ec1n Hoa B\u1eafc li\u00ean mi\u00ean b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 khi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Uighurs \u0111em qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Trung Qu\u1ed1c. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 8 nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat nh\u1edd thi h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c kh\u1eadp khi\u1ec5ng c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam. Gi\u1eefa c\u01a1n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u0111ang l\u00ean cao th\u00ec h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c Ti\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9 S\u1ee9 l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf. N\u0103m 756, m\u1ed9t Ti\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9 S\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed3 Nam. \u00d4ng l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c B\u1eafc ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh An L\u1ed9c S\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n 50.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u0169ng n\u0103m \u1ea5y, H\u00e0 L\u00fd Quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 Ti\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9 S\u1ee9 L\u0129nh Nam, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t g\u1ed3m L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 B\u1eafc n\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00fai \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u Qu\u1ebf, Ung v\u00e0 Dung tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean c\u00e1o th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 7 ti\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. H\u1ecd \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u00f4ng T\u1ed5ng Qu\u1ea3n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1edd c\u00f5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng ch\u1eb7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa An Nam v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. M\u00e3i hai n\u0103m sau \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 758, nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Trong n\u0103m \u1ea5y, danh hi\u1ec7u “An Nam” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i ra l\u00e0 “Tr\u1ea5n Nam” v\u00e0 vi\u00ean \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 S\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ch\u1ee9c Ti\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9 S\u1ee9.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c ch\u00e2u gi\u00e1p ranh ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u1edbi \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 Ph\u1ee7 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 760. L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra th\u00e0nh 4 T\u1ed5ng Qu\u1ea3n Ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng, Qu\u1ebf, Ung v\u00e0 Dung. N\u0103m 760 v\u00e0 762, b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Lao l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n \u1edf Qu\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb d\u1eb9p y\u00ean. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 767, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 qu\u00e2n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ra kh\u1ecfi x\u1ee9. Ch\u00e2u Ung v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00e2u Dung n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m tr\u1eddi. N\u0103m 763, m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c \u1edf ch\u00e2u Qu\u1ea3ng l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 Ti\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9 S\u1ee9. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 769, nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi d\u1eb9p y\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u1edf ch\u00e2u Qu\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Qu\u1ebf, v\u00e0 m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 771, c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 m\u1edbi d\u00e1m quay l\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u Dung.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 Ph\u1ee7 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u k\u1ebf c\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3. N\u0103m 761, m\u00f4t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt t\u00ean l\u00e0 Abe No Nakamaro, t\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u Hanh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 l\u00e0m \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 S\u1ee9 An Nam. \u0110\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m 717, v\u00e0o l\u00fac 19 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 du h\u1ecdc r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m quan t\u1ea1i tri\u1ec1u. N\u0103m 753, Abe \u0111\u1ecbnh quay v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u00e3o th\u1ed5i tr\u00f4i m\u00e3i xu\u1ed1ng Nam v\u00e0 d\u1ea1t v\u00e0o b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u Hoan. Abe t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i kinh \u0111\u00f4 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ngay, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hy v\u1ecdng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt n\u1eefa n\u00ean v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng An Nam l\u00e0m \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 S\u1ee9.<\/p>\n
Trong th\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb An Nam, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi V\u00e2n Nam. N\u0103m 766, v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng d\u1eb9p y\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady n\u00e0y n\u00ean Nakamaro \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ec1u khen th\u01b0\u1edfng. Th\u1eddi \u1ea5y, ch\u00e2u Di\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u00e2u Hoan, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c b\u1ea5t tu\u00e2n kh\u00e1c \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00fai.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 767, Abe No Nakamaro \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 Nghi, l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 S\u1ee9. Tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan ch\u1ee9c lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111e do\u1ea1 t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng n\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng, B\u00e1 Nghi l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0o. N\u0103m 767, An Nam \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 Ph\u1ee7 b\u1ecb tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp b\u1edfi gi\u1eb7c C\u00f4n L\u00f4n v\u00e0 gi\u1eb7c Sa B\u00e0 t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o. C\u00f4n L\u00f4n l\u00e0 t\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 n\u00f3i chung, v\u00e0 Sa B\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea3o Java \u1edf Indonesia ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, s\u00e1ch Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ho\u00e0n V\u01b0\u01a1ng thay v\u00ec L\u00e2m \u1ea4p. Ho\u00e0n V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf qu\u00e1 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam L\u00e2m \u1ea4p tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, n\u01a1i ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Phan Rang v\u00e0 Nha Trang b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. N\u0103m 774 v\u00e0 778, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 Ph\u1ee7, Ho\u00e0n V\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3n tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec1u tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Sailendra m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sau n\u00e0y \u1edf Java.<\/p>\n
Gi\u1eb7c C\u00f4n L\u00f4n v\u00e0 Sa B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1eed Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u00e1 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 Nghi k\u00eau c\u1ee9u, v\u00e0 Cao Ch\u00ednh B\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf xa m\u00e3i tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1ed9i g\u1eedi qu\u00e2n xu\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y lui \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3n. Sau \u0111\u00f3 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 Nghi b\u1ecf T\u1eed Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh m\u1edbi \u1edf g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, xung quanh c\u00f3 h\u00e0o s\u00e2u. Th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3u \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “l\u00f4 cheng”, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf, th\u00e0nh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 Nghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “La Th\u00e0nh”. T\u1eed Th\u00e0nh b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp 3 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 687, 722 v\u00e0 767. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1o l\u0169y \u1edf v\u00f2ng ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nh\u1eefng tai ho\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y La Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i quy ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1ea3y ra cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n An L\u1ed9c S\u01a1n. N\u0103m 768, danh hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 Ph\u1ee7 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 An Nam v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 S\u1ee9 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ki\u00eam lu\u00f4n ch\u1ee9c Kinh L\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u1ee9 thay cho Ti\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9 S\u1ee9.<\/p>\n
Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Ti\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9 S\u1ee9 tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c l\u1edbn v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u1ea3y ra trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 780. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ho\u00e0ng tri\u1ec1u c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c k\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng nhau v\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c li\u00ean minh thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u1ea5y. V\u00f5 \u0111\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Hoa B\u1eafc, c\u00f2n mi\u1ec1n Nam, b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i v\u1eabn trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, mi\u1ec1n Nam kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t. N\u0103m 773, m\u1ed9t Th\u1ee9 S\u1eed ch\u00e2u Qu\u1ea3ng gi\u1ebft vi\u00ean Ti\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9 S\u1ee9 \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u, v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n \u00f4ng ta. Cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n n\u00e0y b\u1ecb d\u1eb9p tan n\u0103m 776, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam.<\/p>\n
K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1n An L\u1ed9c S\u01a1n, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam sa s\u00fat r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Khi c\u00e1c binh s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u00fa \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh r\u00fat v\u1ec1 B\u1eafc th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng n\u00fai l\u1ea1i tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c v\u00e0 x\u00fai d\u1ee5c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady. Tuy th\u1ebf su\u1ed1t 12 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 Ph\u1ee7 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh cho d\u00f9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3n tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 767, \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 Ph\u1ee7 m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u lo\u1ea1n ly.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 do t\u00e0i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb nh\u1ee9ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u1eeb h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 H\u1ea1 L\u00fd Quang, l\u00e0m \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 S\u1ee9 trong th\u1eddi gian chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1edbi Nam Chi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 780, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m Ti\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9 S\u1ee9 \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sanh \u0111\u1ebb \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u01b0 H\u00fac, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i Mai Th\u00fac Loan n\u0103m 722. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 Nghi d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng sanh \u0111\u1ebb \u1edf Nam, v\u00ec ph\u1ee5 th\u00e2n \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed1c H\u1ed9 x\u01b0a kia. Cao Ch\u00ednh B\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u vi\u1ec7n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 Nghi, n\u0103m 767 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong l\u00e0m \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 S\u1ee9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sanh \u0111\u1ebb \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt Abe No Nakamaro nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i n\u0103ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady v\u00e0o n\u0103m 767 b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 \u00edt t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn nay nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn v\u00ec tr\u1ecb s\u1edf c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9 S\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y c\u00e1i m\u1edbi. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u vi\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean do t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 binh bi\u1ebfn, ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a binh s\u0129, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u0103m 767 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0o c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh l\u00e0m n\u1ea9y sinh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c trong gi\u1edbi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Nh\u1eefng tham v\u1ecdng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u0129 quan \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb mau ch\u00f3ng thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111ang d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n m\u1ecdc r\u1ec5 trong n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n
PH\u00d9NG H\u01afNG<\/p>\n
Khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Ti\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9 S\u1ee9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00ec uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i suy t\u00e0n d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u1edf kh\u1eafp Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb tr\u1ecb. T\u1ea1i An Nam, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf Ta Ly (766-78), gi\u1edbi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean gi\u1ecdng qua nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng khai ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 782, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1edf Ch\u00e2u Di\u00ean l\u00e0 L\u00fd M\u1ea1nh Thu v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9 S\u1eed ch\u00e2u Phong l\u00e0 Bi An \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n. L\u00fd M\u1ea1nh Thu t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 An Nam Ti\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9 S\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 2 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 S\u1ee9 Ph\u1ee5 L\u01b0\u01a1ng Giao gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft. \u00cdt l\u00e2u sau, nh\u00e2n l\u00fac An Nam Kinh L\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u1ee9 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee8ng qua \u0111\u1eddi khi \u0111ang t\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9c th\u00ec ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 L\u00fd Nguy\u00ean Do \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e2n s\u0129 v\u00e0 “t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u, huy\u1ec7n, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00ean ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n.” T\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 L\u00fd Ph\u1ee5c “c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u00ean Do” v\u00e0 “mi\u1ec1n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Nam sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng”. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, ta th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf An Nam \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c th\u00ec h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo \u00fd ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i khi ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi c\u01a1. Thay v\u00ec cai tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ec9 d\u00e1m nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf d\u00e2n ch\u00fang h\u00e3y t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 l\u00e0 xong. Ch\u00ednh trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m nhi\u1ec5u nh\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 uy th\u1ebf \u1edf b\u1edd Nam s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng g\u1ea7n n\u00fai T\u1ea3n Vi\u00ean, ph\u00eda T\u00e2y H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i thu\u1ed9c ch\u00e2u Phong. Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng x\u01b0a kia c\u0169ng qu\u00ea \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vua H\u00f9ng x\u01b0a c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y. H\u1ecd Ph\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c “quan Lang” cha truy\u1ec1n con n\u1ed1i m\u00e0 theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc to\u00e0n do c\u00e1c con vua H\u00f9ng x\u01b0a kia n\u1eafm gi\u1eef. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong gi\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em h\u1ecd v\u1edbi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng. Ch\u1ee9c Quan Lang c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn r\u1eb1ng danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0ng sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. D\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa, danh t\u1eeb “Quan Lang” c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c vua H\u00f9ng x\u01b0a khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd Ph\u00f9ng cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ta c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t uy th\u1ebf cha truy\u1ec1n con n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e2u, huy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
Theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 “m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 man di c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb bi\u00ean ph\u00f2ng.” Coi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd Ph\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng. Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00ec s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ed3n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n tay kh\u00f4ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t con c\u1ecdp v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ng\u00e3 m\u1ed9t con b\u00f2. Em trai \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Ph\u00f9ng H\u1ea3i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c s\u0129. Ph\u00f9ng H\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng ng\u00e0n c\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00e1c \u0111i xa nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eb7m. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lao \u1edf trong n\u00fai \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i n\u1ec3 s\u1ee3 c\u00e1i s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a anh em h\u1ecd Ph\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n
Khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 770, Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng v\u00e0 Ph\u00f9ng H\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u1eeb l\u00e0ng n\u00e0y qua l\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c; \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5y. Cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a L\u00fd M\u1ea1nh Thu v\u00e0 Bi An n\u0103m 782 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a L\u00fd Nguy\u00ean Do sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00eam cho thanh th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a an hem h\u1ecd Ph\u00f9ng. Trong khi nh\u1eefng quan ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng ch\u1ec9 lo tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u00e8 c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf ng\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng ai qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 anh em h\u1ecd Ph\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n
S\u1eed ch\u00e9p r\u1eb1ng sau khi Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng “th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng” c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u00e0 “\u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng” v\u00e0 em \u00f4ng l\u00e0 “\u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ef1c”. Hai danh hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa kh\u1ed1i \u00f3c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1eafp \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa hai anh em. \u00dd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1n r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 sau n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “\u0110\u00f4 Qu\u1ea3n”, v\u00e0 Ph\u00f9ng H\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “\u0110\u00f4 B\u00e1o”. Hai ch\u1ee9c danh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00eam v\u00e0o. \u0110\u00f4 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u \u1edf trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi Vua Thu\u1ea5n kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfu th\u1ea3o trong huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c. C\u00f2n \u0110\u00f4 B\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7t ra trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u1edf th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 11.<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 “th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh” nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh ra trong khi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang co c\u1ee5m l\u1ea1i trong \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 Ph\u1ee7. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n c\u0169ng \u1edf chung m\u1ed9t qu\u1eadn qu\u00ea c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Ph\u00f9ng, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng phong l\u00e0m c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u0110\u1ed7 Anh H\u00e0n t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i tu\u1ea7n tra m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng lan sang ph\u1ea7n n\u1eeda ph\u00eda T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng, t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u Phong \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ec d\u00e2n ch\u00fang quy thu\u1eadn r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng n\u00ean uy danh Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng vang d\u1ed9i kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 Ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o La Th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i Quan \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 l\u00fac \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Cao Ch\u00ednh B\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em qu\u00e2n xu\u1ed1ng d\u1eb9p b\u1ecdn gi\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3n n\u0103m 767, \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u00fa. Khi qu\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ed7 Anh H\u00e0n ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc La Th\u00e0nh, Cao Ch\u00ednh B\u00ecnh x\u00f4ng ra ngh\u00eanh \u0111\u1ecbch nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb thua, ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat v\u00e0o trong th\u00e0nh. S\u1eed ch\u00e9p r\u1eb1ng, v\u00ec qu\u00e1 ph\u1eabn kh\u00edch, bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y n\u00e0y n\u00ean sau \u0111\u00f3 Cao Ch\u00ednh B\u00ecnh b\u1ecb ung nh\u1ecdt trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t ra r\u1ed3i ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
Sau khi Cao Ch\u00ednh B\u00ecnh ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i, c\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra v\u00e0 Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ung dung ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 Ph\u1ee7. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho r\u1eb1ng Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng l\u00ean l\u00e0m vua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 7 n\u0103m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb \u00f4ng cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam 2 n\u0103m cho \u0111\u1ebfn 791. T\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 9 n\u0103m t\u1eeb khi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 782, n\u0103m m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb d\u1eb9p y\u00ean b\u1edfi \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 Ph\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng v\u00e0o La Th\u00e0nh. Con s\u1ed1 7 n\u0103m tr\u1ecb v\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 to t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u00f4ng “th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u1ecdi nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng”.<\/p>\n
Sau khi Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 789, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec7n linh thi\u00eang x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vong linh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f9ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n gian \u0111\u1ec1u tin r\u1eb1ng Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t loan b\u00e1o cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n vui m\u1eebng. H\u1ecd x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u00f4ng \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y La Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, ai c\u1ea7u m\u01b0a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u01b0a ngay. M\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 thi\u00ean tai \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecda th\u00ec s\u1eed ch\u00e9p<\/p>\n
m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u00f4ng c\u00fang l\u1ec5 c\u1ea7u \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 che ch\u1edf. D\u00e2n ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng hay \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ec1 nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u00e1o cho th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i c\u01b0 x\u1eed ra sao v\u1ec1 sau. L\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ch\u00e9p r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea7u xin \u00f4ng cho bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n c\u00f3 l\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111em \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ec5 t\u1ea1. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n r\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra v\u00e0o t\u1ea5p n\u1eadp v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1ec1n, h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng nghi ng\u00fat. Vi\u1ec7c s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng sau khi \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong t\u00e2m kh\u1ea3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: ” Ph\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng; m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng; v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tay m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1ecdp, v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, khi \u0111\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t con b\u00f2. \u00d4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ee5c l\u00f2ng v\u00ec khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m sao \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u? Khi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Cao Ch\u00ednh B\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c loan b\u00e1o, \u00f4ng thong th\u1ea3 k\u00e9o v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 \u0111i ch\u01a1i. \u00d4ng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1edd x\u00ed c\u1ee7a 70 ph\u00e1o l\u0169y v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n d\u1eb7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch oai nghi h\u00f9ng d\u0169ng. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb m\u1eb7t hi\u00ean ngang v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tin v\u00f4 b\u1edd b\u1ebfn. \u00d4ng n\u1eafm v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh \u00f4ng trong tay v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng l\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0 L\u00fd. So v\u1edbi Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng th\u00ec Mai H\u1eafc \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 th\u1ee7 l\u00e3nh n\u1eeda v\u1eddi, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2u, l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?”<\/p>\n
Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n n\u00e0y ra sao; h\u00e3y bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u00edt hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam sau n\u00e0y khi h\u1ecd so s\u00e1nh \u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c trong th\u1eddi gian Trung Qu\u1ed1c cai tr\u1ecb. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0 L\u00fd, l\u00e0 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Tri\u1ec7u Quang Ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 L\u00fd Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed. C\u1ea3 hai c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1ec1u qu\u00ea \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng. \u00dd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng 3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau l\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3. C\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ec1u quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Thu\u1ed9c: Tri\u1ec7u Quang Ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 L\u00fd Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed v\u1edbi huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i c\u00e1i m\u00f3ng r\u1ed3ng, Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng v\u1edbi danh hi\u1ec7u quan Lang. C\u00f2n Mai Th\u00fac Loan hay Mai H\u1eafc \u0110\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec7n bi\u00ean th\u00f9y xa x\u00f4i, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n
Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia Vi\u1ec7t sau n\u00e0y c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t anh h\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng trong h\u00f9ng s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i d\u1eady g\u1eb7p th\u1eddi trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb con nh\u00e0 v\u00f5 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1. H\u1ecd mang t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u cha truy\u1ec1n con n\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng xa x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 do kh\u00e9o h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ho\u00e1 b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 v\u00e0o v\u0169 \u0111\u00e0i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ec1u b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp hay c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i m\u1ecdc l\u00ean t\u1eeb t\u01b0 duy ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 thay v\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng v\u00e0 em \u00f4ng, Ph\u00f9ng H\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00fang \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 sau l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea7y quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m d\u00e2n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n
Sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng, d\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a em \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Ph\u00f9ng H\u1ea3i l\u00ean k\u1ebf v\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng B\u1ed3 Ph\u00e1 L\u1ea1c, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i. C\u00f9ng qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi anh em Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng, B\u1ed3 Ph\u00e1 L\u1ea1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb phi th\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ed3 Ph\u00e1 L\u1ea1c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a con trai c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Ph\u00f9ng An l\u00ean k\u1ebf v\u1ecb v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn Ph\u00f9ng H\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n v\u00e0o n\u00fai r\u1ed3i m\u1ea5t tung t\u00edch.<\/p>\n
L\u00ean k\u1ebf v\u1ecb cha, Ph\u00f9ng An t\u00f4n vinh v\u00e0 truy t\u1eb7ng Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u “B\u1ed1 C\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng”. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 8 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, theo Vi\u1ec7t \u0110i\u1ec7n U Linh T\u1eadp, B\u1ed1 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cha, C\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 – B\u1ed1 C\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 “V\u1ecb Vua Cha M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a D\u00e2n”. T\u01b0 duy v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb gi\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 cha v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eddi c\u1ed5. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed. \u1ede M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed, h\u1ecd r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u cai tr\u1ecb sai tr\u00e1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed h\u1ecfi vua: ” C\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t lu\u1ee1i g\u01b0\u01a1m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c cai tr\u1ecb sai tr\u00e1i ?” Khi nh\u00e0 vua tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o, M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp :” C\u00f3 th\u1ecbt ngon \u1edf trong b\u1ebfp v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u1ef1a b\u00e9o \u1edf trong chu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1 l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i, v\u00e0 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i l\u00e0m m\u1ed3i cho th\u00fa v\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1 l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 d\u00e2n m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u00fa v\u1eadt \u0103n th\u1ecbt th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n th\u00ec b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1 c\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 d\u00e2n ch\u0103ng ?”<\/p>\n
Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecd \u0111ang b\u1ecb “gi\u1ebft l\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft m\u00f2n b\u1edfi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 cai tr\u1ecb sai tr\u00e1i”. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a th\u00e0y M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb gi\u1ecfi l\u00e0 “cha m\u1eb9 d\u00e2n” nhi\u00ean h\u1eadu l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd tr\u00ean h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
Ta h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed : ” Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “cha m\u1eb9 d\u00e2n” m\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i mang b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u01b0u phi\u1ec1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5 quanh n\u0103m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha m\u1eb9, ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng qua ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 con tr\u1ebb d\u1ea1i b\u1ecb b\u1ecf ch\u1ebft ngo\u00e0i c\u1ed1ng,<\/p>\n
ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00ea, th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 d\u00e2n ?”<\/p>\n
\u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t s\u00e1t v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam khi th\u00f3i tham \u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Vi\u1ec7t Nam. L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u00e0y M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y n\u1ed7i b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fd theo \u0111\u00fang \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc lu\u00e2n l\u00fd gi\u00e1o khoa \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 3 n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed vi\u1ebft: ” K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, ch\u01b0a ai t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c xui con c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1i cha m\u1eb9. X\u00e9t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n coi nh\u01b0 cha m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb th\u00f9; ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb th\u00f9, \u1edf trong qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba h\u00e0nh m\u1ec7nh tr\u1eddi. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vua.”<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb gi\u1ecfi mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c cai tr\u1ecb. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y khi \u0110\u00e0o Ho\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t Th\u1ee9 S\u1eed nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u1edf cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 3 qua \u0111\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 tang \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 “\u0111\u1ec3 tang cha m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh”. T\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u truy phong cho Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng khi\u1ebfn ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i \u00e2n t\u00ecnh vua \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u1ea3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u201cb\u1ed1” v\u00e0 “c\u00e1i” l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb “N\u00f4m” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng hai ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, ch\u1eef “Nam” v\u00e0 ch\u1eef “m\u1ed3m”, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a c\u0169 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t ra th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft: “N\u00f4m”. \u00c1ng v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef “N\u00f4m” c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eef N\u00f4m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. Trong ph\u1ea7n 7, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m vi\u1ebft \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 10 v\u00e0 ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u00fd khi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 phi\u00ean \u00e2m ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 8, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho “b\u1ed1” v\u00e0 “c\u00e1i” kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef phi\u00ean \u00e2m r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang. “B\u1ed1” v\u00e0 “C\u00e1i” nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u0169 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 8. T\u1eeb “B\u1ed1” ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “Cha”, nh\u01b0ng “C\u00e1i” \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1o t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i. R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eadu h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam qua bao th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n
D\u00e2n ch\u00fang Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng l\u00e0 “Ph\u1ee5 M\u1eabu \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng”, v\u1edbi Ph\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n l\u00e0 Cha, v\u00e0 M\u1eabu l\u00e0 M\u1eb9 nh\u01b0ng thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cB\u1ed1 C\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n
Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam “Vua” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u00e2n m\u1eadt di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 quan h\u1ec7 s\u00e2u xa gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, d\u01b0\u1edbi con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t th\u00ec t\u1eeb “V\u01b0\u01a1ng” hay “\u0110\u1ebf” c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 l\u1ec5 nghi tr\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y th\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb tr\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m n\u00e0o v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00fang ra t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u truy phong cho Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng c\u00f3 danh t\u1eeb “V\u01b0\u01a1ng” v\u00ec t\u1eeb “Vua” ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n cho m\u00e3i t\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp sau n\u00e0y. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef “b\u1ed1 c\u00e1i” trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a quan ni\u1ec7m “vua” m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau. Ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong ti\u1ebfng N\u00f4m, t\u1eeb “vua” l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n “v\u01b0\u01a1ng” v\u1edbi ch\u1eef n\u00f4m “b\u1ed1” th\u00e0nh “vua b\u1ed1”.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1329, khi m\u1ed9t quan \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n khuy\u00ean vua Tr\u1ea7n Minh T\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111i chinh ph\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai v\u00ec h\u1ecda c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c, m\u00e0 n\u00ean t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Champa, v\u00ec \u00f4ng quan \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n \u1ea5y tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd \u00edt r\u1ee7i ro h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, th\u00ec vua Tr\u1ea7n Minh T\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cTr\u1eabm l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu d\u00e2n \u0111au kh\u1ed5, Tr\u1eabm c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ch\u1ee9 l\u00e0m sao Tr\u1eabm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1i d\u1ec5 v\u1edbi c\u00e1i kh\u00f3, c\u00e1i l\u1ee3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ?\u201d<\/p>\n
Vua Tr\u1ea7n Minh T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf sang b\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c, th\u1eafng thua l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i, khi g\u1ee3i ra nh\u1eefng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 con c\u00e1i. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho uy quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a vua. C\u0169ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n khi truy phong t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u \u201cB\u1ed1 C\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d cho Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 h\u1ecd g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 791, Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf T\u1ec1 T\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ra l\u1ec7nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 “Nhu Vi\u1ec5n Qu\u00e2n” (Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 Chinh Ph\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i xa b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 Ho\u00e0 Nh\u00e3) v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m Tri\u1ec7u X\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m An Nam \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 S\u1ee9. Khi Tri\u1ec7u X\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111em qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi An Nam, \u00f4ng sai s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 mang ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00f9ng An \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn. Ph\u00f9ng An b\u00e8n s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n giao quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh \u00eam th\u1ea5m v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd Ph\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n. K\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u m\u1edd d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t anh h\u00f9ng qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd phai nh\u00f2a trong tr\u00ed \u00f3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00e1c quan \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n e s\u1ee3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc tri\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. C\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3i chung, \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 9, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbp l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 B\u1eafc cho an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n
Trong hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 7 v\u00e0 8, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. N\u0103m 687, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap d\u1eb9p tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n; n\u0103m 722 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01a1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn khu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 suy y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng trong ph\u1ea7n 2 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 8 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u0103n ho\u00e1 b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbp n\u1ed5i l\u00ean.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 792, sau khi t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i An Nam, Ti\u1ebft \u0110\u1ed9 S\u1ee9 \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u t\u00e2u v\u1ec1 B\u1eafc tri\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 sau: “G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7u bu\u00f4n ch\u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0ng qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ebfn xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee3 \u1edf An Nam. T\u00e2u xin b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1 ra chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda c\u00e1c ch\u1ee3 \u1ea5y v\u00e0 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y”.<\/p>\n
Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1eafp chu\u1ea9n t\u00e2u th\u00ec m\u1ed9t quan \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n t\u00e2u: \u201cNh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c xa x\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0111i t\u00ecm l\u1ee3i. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i t\u1eed t\u1ebf, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn; n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecf \u0111i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia ch\u00e2u Qu\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0u bu\u00f4n \u1ea5y; nay b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ebfn xu\u1ed1ng An Nam. N\u1ebfu xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111o\u1ea1t h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1, v.v. nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng bu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c h\u00e0 t\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm v\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1o, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ta\u201d.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 9, Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3ng ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng An Nam \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00ec b\u00e1n bu\u00f4n t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n Nam H\u1ea3i trong m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean khi quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u suy y\u1ebfu. X\u00e9t nh\u01b0 v\u00e2y, ta hi\u1ec3u ngay t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n B\u1ed1 C\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi l\u00e3i nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng bao gi\u1edd. K\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi D\u1ea1 Tr\u1ea1ch V\u01b0\u01a1ng Tri\u1ec7u Quang Ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 6, B\u1ed1 C\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169 hay kh\u00f4ng khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n linh x\u01b0a. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng do s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e1ng n\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng; quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa cha v\u00e0 con. Sau khi tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng s\u0103n s\u00f3c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec trong v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi g\u1ecdng k\u1ec1m \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ch\u00fat n\u00e0o n\u1eefa v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u0103n minh n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 b\u00e9n nh\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, huy\u1ec1n t\u00edch m\u00f3ng r\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb gi\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n
K\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean Ph\u00f9ng H\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i \u1edf An Nam. \u0110\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u t\u1eebng l\u00e0 h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean bi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb An Nam l\u00e0m lu m\u1edd v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 8. L\u00fd do l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ebf m\u00e1 qu\u00e1 tham lam c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. Khi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u1eafc tri\u1ec1u suy y\u1ebfu th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng ch\u1ee5p l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong n\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u1ea5y. N\u0103m 758, Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u00e1 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea2 R\u1eadp v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba T\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 th\u00f3i nh\u0169ng l\u1ea1m t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady v\u00e0o n\u0103m 767 b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 \u00edt t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn nay nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn …. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u vi\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4 H\u1ed9 Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1298,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,26,152,153,9,42,177],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13761","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-dich-thuat","category-hoc-thuat","category-lich-su","category-nghien-cuu","category-sang-viet-ngu","category-van-hoa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13761","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1298"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13761"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13761\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":52458,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13761\/revisions\/52458"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13761"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13761"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13761"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}