\n| \n GMS, Greater Mekong Subregion
L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c L\u1edbn S\u00f4ng Mekong hay Ti\u1ec3u V\u00f9ng S\u00f4ng Mekong M\u1edf R\u1ed9ng
Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch: 795,000 km2
Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ch\u00ednh: 4,400 km
D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trung b\u00ecnh: 15,000 m3 \/ sec<\/i><\/p>\n [ ngu\u1ed3n<\/b>: MRC Secretariat 2000 ]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n <\/center> <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Theo d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00ecnh M\u00f4i Sinh Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c (UNEP\/ U.N. Environment Program) th\u00ec d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng Mekong s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean 90 tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025 v\u1edbi 1\/3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb [1], c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 2\/3 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n ven s\u00f4ng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u0169y nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp V\u00e2n Nam.<\/p>\n Do c\u01a1n kh\u00e1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft x\u00e2y th\u00eam nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp b\u1eadc th\u1ec1m V\u00e2n Nam (Mekong Cascades) v\u1edbi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u00f4i sinh ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n Hi\u1ec7n nay 2010, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ba con \u0111\u1eadp: (1) M\u1ea1n Loan \/ Manwan 1,500 MW, (2) \u0110\u1ea1i Chi\u1ebfu S\u01a1n \/ Daichaosan 1,350 MW, (3) C\u1ea3nh H\u1ed3ng \/ Jinghong 1,350 MW \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, con \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (4) Ti\u1ec3u Loan \/ Xiaowan 4,200 MW cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi 292 m\u00e9t (l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai sau con \u0111\u1eadp Tam H\u1ee3p \/ Three Gorges tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed), v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a h\u01a1n 190 km2 v\u00e0 dung t\u00edch 15 t\u1ec9 m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng Lan Th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 Mekong t\u1eeb 2009 d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi 4 n\u0103m t\u1edbi 2012 m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eadp Ti\u1ec3u Loan \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 25 th\u00e1ng 9, 2009. Theo Wang Yongxiang, t\u1ed5ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb Hydrolancang c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00eam ba con \u0111\u1eadp n\u1eefa \u0111ang x\u00e2y trong chu\u1ed7i 14 con \u0111\u1eadp b\u1eadc th\u1ec1m V\u00e2n Nam. [13]<\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp tr\u00ean su\u1ed1t n\u1eeda chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i s\u00f4ng Mekong ch\u1ea3y qua t\u1ec9nh V\u00e2n Nam, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n thao t\u00fang trong c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 L\u00e0o, nh\u01b0: Pak Beng 1,320 MW, Pak Lay 1,320 MW, Sanakham 1,000 MW; v\u00e0 Cam B\u1ed1t: Sambor 2,600 MW (l\u1edbn h\u01a1n con \u0111\u1eadp M\u1ea1n Loan \/ Manwan, V\u00e2n Nam ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1,500 MW) v\u1edbi t\u1ed5n ph\u00ed l\u00ean t\u1edbi 5 t\u1ec9 $US.<\/p>\n Hai con \u0111\u1eadp Sambor v\u00e0 Don Sahong c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u ph\u00eda b\u1eafc s\u1ebd \u201c\u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1edbi 70% s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n \u2018di ng\u01b0\u2019<\/i> t\u1eeb Cam B\u1ed1t.\u201d [3]<\/p>\n <\/p>\n H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ec9nh Mekong, Hua Hin Th\u00e1i Lan<\/b><\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i sinh v\u00e0 gay g\u1eaft nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n ch\u00fang t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc Th\u00e1i \u2013 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng Mekong kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda s\u00f4ng Mekong c\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng do chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n V\u00e2n Nam, b\u1ed1n qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 thu\u1ed9c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Mekong g\u1ed3m Th\u00e1i Lan, L\u00e0o, Cam B\u1ed1t v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 bi\u1ec3n Hua Hin, 200 km ph\u00eda nam Bangkok, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean s\u00f4ng Mekong. Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Th\u00e1i Lan Abhisit Vejjajiva, cho d\u00f9 \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn, v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn khai m\u1ea1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y v\u1edbi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n \u201cS\u00f4ng Mekong \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean s\u00f4ng Mekong, con s\u00f4ng h\u00f9ng v\u0129 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n C\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 xoa d\u1ecbu n\u1ed7i c\u0103m ph\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 d\u00e2n khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u, B\u1eafc Kinh c\u1eed m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n quan s\u00e1t do ph\u00f3 Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ed1ng \u0110\u00e0o \/ Song Tao t\u1edbi d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u2013 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u201ctham d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i.\u201d<\/i> Nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb bao gi\u1edd, B\u1eafc Kinh v\u1eabn kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh do t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi con s\u00f4ng Mekong c\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng \u2013 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 tr\u1edb tr\u00eau l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong \/ MRC c\u0169ng h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn cho lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. [4] V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i sinh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u00e1n \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Mekong. [5]<\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn, B\u1eafc Kinh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ecbu chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee7y v\u0103n li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi hai con \u0111\u1eadp V\u00e2n Nam. C\u0169ng n\u00ean ghi l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n kh\u00e1 b\u1ebd b\u00e0ng m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh cho ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n 4 n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong qua ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Boonchai Ngamvitrot, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Th\u1ee7y v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i Lan:<\/p>\n \u201cNg\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0110\u1eadp C\u1ea3nh H\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eadp quan s\u00e1t kho\u1ea3ng 1 ti\u1ebfng, ph\u00eda Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ee5p h\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111i th\u0103m \u0110\u1eadp Ti\u1ec3u Loan, quan s\u00e1t kho\u1ea3ng 1 ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng cho ch\u1ee5p h\u00ecnh. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 5 hay 6 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ty th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 hay b\u1ed9 Th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111i c\u00f9ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t \u00edt, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111i xem l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh.\u201d<\/i> [15]<\/p>\n N\u1ebfu g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i quan s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba \/ fact-finding, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi v\u1ecfn v\u1eb9n 2 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n 4 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin g\u00ec n\u01a1i 2 con \u0111\u1eadp \u1ea5y?<\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m r\u1ea5t h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t \u1ea5y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Mekong trong th\u1eddi gian v\u1eeba qua. [2] V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00fd l\u1ebd, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u1edbi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n (1) Theo ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 13.5% l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00f4ng Mekong \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb kh\u00fac s\u00f4ng Lan Th\u01b0\u01a1ng \/ th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n, so v\u1edbi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m s\u00f4ng Mekong \u0111\u1ed5 ra Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, n\u00ean c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp V\u00e2n Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1edbi h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n; kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u0169 l\u1ee5t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn th\u1ee7y ti\u00eau t\u01b0\u1edbi cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: nh\u01b0ng theo Milton Osborne, chuy\u00ean gia uy t\u00edn v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 S\u00f4ng Mekong (nh\u01b0 <\/em>The Mekong: Turbulent Past, Uncertain Future; River Road to China: The Search for the Source of the Mekong) th\u00ec trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng Lan Th\u01b0\u01a1ng (t\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Mekong) \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i, chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 40% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng Mekong , g\u1ea5p 3 l\u1ea7n con s\u1ed1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0 13.5%.<\/em> [11]<\/p>\n(2) Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u ch\u1ecbu c\u1ea3nh con s\u00f4ng Mekong c\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh T\u00e2y Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong th\u1eddi gian v\u1eeba qua.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: do thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebfu m\u01b0a, h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, khi m\u00e0 m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n \u201cm\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ebft\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c khu k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7\u2026 th\u00ec 40% ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp V\u00e2n Nam, th\u00ec h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/i><\/p>\n (3) C\u0169ng ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i sinh, v\u00e0 l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u1eefng\u201cl\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp V\u00e2n Nam l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \/ groundless\u201d<\/i> v\u00ec Mekong c\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng l\u00e0 do \u201cthi\u1ebfu m\u01b0a \/ low rainfall\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebfu m\u01b0a tr\u00ean to\u00e0n l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n, trong su\u1ed1t m\u00f9a kh\u00f4, tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd n\u01b0\u1edbc do ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ebft tan t\u1eeb cao nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n n\u0103m c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng Mekong th\u00ec nay ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i trong h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp V\u00e2n Nam v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh \u201cth\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00edch th\u1ee7y, h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n khan\u201d t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean v\u1eady m\u00e0 v\u1eabn b\u1ecb Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn. <\/i>[11]<\/p>\n N\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i gia nh\u1eadp \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i S\u00f4ng Mekong \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y. D\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft c\u01b0 d\u00e2n h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00ec Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t \u201cb\u1ea5t nh\u1eabn\u201d hay n\u00f3i theo ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb ngo\u1ea1i giao nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng h\u01a1n th\u00ec B\u1eafc Kinh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u201cv\u00f4 c\u1ea3m\u201d v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ven s\u00f4ng n\u01a1i l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng Mekong.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n NH\u1eeeNG CON \u0110\u1eacP \u00c1 CH\u00c2U<\/b><\/p>\n Tr\u00ean S\u00f4ng Irrawaddy:<\/b><\/p>\n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y con \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, Myitsone 3,600 MW tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Irrawaddy t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2007. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed con \u0111\u1eadp n\u1eb1m ngay tr\u00ean h\u1ee3p l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a hai nh\u00e1nh s\u00f4ng, c\u00e1ch Myitsone th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a bang Kachin 42 km v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eafc.<\/p>\n Theo t\u1edd b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, The New Light of Myanmar, <\/i>t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2007 Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o 7 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Irrawaddy v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u00ean t\u1edbi 13,360 MW, do m\u1ed9t k\u00fd k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa C\u00f4ng Ty \u0110\u1ea7u T\u01b0 \u0110i\u1ec7n L\u1ef1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c (CPI \/ China Power Investment Corporation) v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 \u0110i\u1ec7n L\u1ef1c Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng theo T\u1ed5 Ch\u1ee9c M\u00f4i Sinh Kachin c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf \u1edf Chiang Mai Th\u00e1i Lan, th\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp. Di s\u1ea3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c Kachin \u0111ang b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 40 ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng quanh v\u00f9ng x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 10 ng\u00e0n c\u01b0 d\u00e2n th\u00ec b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda v\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i di d\u1eddi. Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ebfu con \u0111\u1eadp b\u1ecb s\u1eadp do \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ebd g\u00e2y th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n n\u01a1i h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n. (B\u1eafc Mi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \/ seismically active zone<\/i> gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 V\u00e2n Nam.) [9]<\/p>\n M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y 6\/2010, khi Th\u1ee7 T\u01b0\u1edbng Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u00d4n Gia B\u1ea3o t\u1edbi th\u0103m gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u201cc\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Mi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1eadp Myitsone tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Irrawaddy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u00e1n v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i C\u00f4ng Ty \u0110\u1ea7u T\u01b0 \u0110i\u1ec7n L\u1ef1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c CPI th\u00ec nay c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c CDT (China Datang Corporation), tham d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n Cho d\u00f9 g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc d\u00e2n Kachin, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 bom (17\/04\/2010) n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp khi\u1ebfn 4 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00ec ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e2n Kachin b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i b\u1eaft b\u1edb, tra t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p d\u1eef d\u1ed9i h\u01a1n. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00e1ch t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \/ forcibly relocated v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i. [10]<\/p>\n C\u0169ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn chu\u1ed9ng k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m \u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i, nh\u00e2n danh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Tr\u00ean Cao Nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng:<\/b><\/p>\n X\u1ee9 tuy\u1ebft T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cao t\u1eeb 3,500 t\u1edbi 5,000 m\u00e9t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u201cn\u00f3c c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t,\u201d c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ch s\u1ed1ng cho to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb cao nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i hai con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u1eb1m trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 t\u1edbi ba con s\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c: Mekong, Irrawaddy v\u00e0 Salween. Ph\u00eda t\u00e2y v\u00e0 t\u00e2y nam l\u00e0 c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng: Indus, Sutlej v\u00e0 Yarlung Zangpo \u2013 Yarlung Zangpo c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u201ccon s\u00f4ng cao nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/i>\u201d<\/p>\n B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0, Hoa L\u1ee5c s\u1ebd x\u00e2y con \u0111\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean con s\u00f4ng Yarlung Zangpo \u2013 Brahmaputra, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, ch\u1ea3y xuy\u00ean qua r\u1eb7ng Hy M\u00e3 L\u1ea1p S\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ef1c (grand canyon) l\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea3y sang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng huy\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a bao nhi\u00eau tri\u1ec7u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u1ea4n.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia Hoa L\u1ee5c c\u00f2n cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft s\u1ebd x\u00e2y th\u00eam 4 con \u0111\u1eadp n\u1eefa trong v\u00f9ng thung l\u0169ng gi\u1eefa hai qu\u1eadn h\u1ea1t Sangro v\u00e0 Jiacha. Khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u201cnhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n\u201d c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t con \u0111\u1eadp Tam Hi\u1ec7p (Three Gorges Dam) l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed. [6]<\/p>\n Ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 100 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n than \u0111\u00e1, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \/ it could generate energy equivalent to all the oil and gas in the South China sea<\/i>. [14]<\/p>\n Ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111ang l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f9ng tranh ch\u1ea5p n\u00f3ng\u201d gi\u1eefa Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1.<\/p>\n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp s\u1eafp t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i sinh c\u1ea3nh v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 mong manh c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng Hy M\u00e3 L\u1ea1p S\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng con s\u00f4ng Brahmaputra, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. N\u1ed7i lo ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng qua c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp, B\u1eafc Kinh s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc cung c\u1ea5p cho v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t 90,000 km2 \u0111ang trong v\u00f2ng tranh ch\u1ea5p bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n [T\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng n\u00ean nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn tranh Bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (Sino-Indian War) v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1962, tr\u00ean cao \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01a1n 4,000 m\u00e9t, sau \u0111\u00f3 tuy ng\u01b0ng b\u1eafn nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u1eabn c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Nay nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb ph\u00eda sau cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y: s\u1ef1 v\u00f9ng d\u1eady c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eb3ng tay \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p (1959) v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 T\u00e2n \u0110\u1ec1 Ly \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai \u0110\u1ea1t Ma v\u00e0o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y cho B\u1eafc Kinh kh\u00f4ng \u00edt gi\u1eadn d\u1eef.]<\/p>\n C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n S\u00f4ng Mekong, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u201cph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn\u201d \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eadp tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n B\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdng kh\u00e1 tr\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 v\u0169 kh\u00ed nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c B\u1eafc Kinh cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng khai h\u00f3a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi T\u00e2n \u0110\u1ec1 Li, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa hai qu\u1ed1c gia. [Sic]<\/p>\n Yan Zhiyong, t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Nh\u00f3m Tham v\u1ea5n Th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n Trung Qu\u1ed1c (China Hydropower Engineering Consulting Group) nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cT\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng sang c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thi\u1ebfu n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.\u201d<\/p>\n Anant Krishnan, nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao cao c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp tr\u00e0n lan c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Kinh, cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n. R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean so s\u00e1nh:<\/p>\n \u201c\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ecb b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Yarlung Zangpo – Brahmaputra, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Th\u00e1i Lan, L\u00e0o, Cam B\u1ed1t v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp V\u00e2n Nam tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00f4ng Langcang \u2013 Mekong.\u201d <\/i>[6]<\/p>\n <\/p>\n NH\u1eeeNG CON \u0110\u1eacP TR\u00caN L\u1ee4C \u0110\u1ecaA PHI CH\u00c2U<\/b><\/p>\n Theo b\u00e1o Economist<\/em>, Ch\u00e2u Phi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u00edt x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t. C\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y th\u00eam nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ecf ti\u1ec1n x\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u1eadp m\u1edbi \u1edf Phi Ch\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi xa m\u1ee9c d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh do kh\u00ed h\u1eadu th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n th\u1ee7y v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam v\u1edbi tham nh\u0169ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00ean Ch\u00e2u Phi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecba\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u00eam v\u00e0o k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp [7], ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111ang sinh l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ea5t, ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean tr\u1edf c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb Phi Ch\u00e2u v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n X\u00c2Y \u0110\u1eacP TO\u00c0N C\u1ea6U: TRUNG QU\u1ed0C V\u00c0 NH\u00c2N QUY\u1ec0N<\/b><\/p>\n Ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp l\u1edbn tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Kinh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5y th\u1eadp ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y th\u00f4i, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia EHDC (Ertan Hydroelectric Development Corporation) khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp Tam H\u1ee3p (Three Gorges projects). Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ngay chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda nh\u1eefng gi\u00e0n turbines v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ngay t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Trung Qu\u1ed1c. M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c thu h\u00fat k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb.<\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn h\u00e0ng t\u1ec9 M\u1ef9 kim, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 ABB, Alstom, General Electric and Siemens \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd chuy\u1ec3n giao quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, r\u1ea5t mau ch\u00f3ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1c kh\u00e2u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00f3, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi trang b\u1ecb cho k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp ngay t\u1ea1i Hoa L\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i ng\u00e0y nay, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y, th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, nh\u1eadn x\u00e2y 19 trong s\u1ed1 24 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng \u00edt c\u00e1c gi\u00e0n turbines v\u00e0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u00e2y c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1u mang th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u Made in China<\/i>, \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n \u1ea5y ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng sai.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng ngo\u00e0i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Hoa L\u1ee5c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u201cxu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp\u201d<\/i> nhanh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady sang nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c ?<\/p>\n Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ecb M\u1ea1ng L\u01b0\u1edbi S\u00f4ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (IRN, International River Network), Peter Brosshard \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0, trong khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng v\u00ec bi\u1ebft quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng con \u0111\u1eadp, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chung v\u00ec \u201ct\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n\u201d h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t \u201cd\u00e8 d\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7.\u201d Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00eda Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 quan t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Kinh ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i sinh l\u1ee3i, c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi cho d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00f4i sinh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. [8]<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i ra, tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 can tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp n\u01a1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra trong L\u01b0u V\u1ef1c L\u1edbn S\u00f4ng Mekong (GMS, Greater Mekong Subregion); v\u00e0 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t v\u00ed von r\u1ea5t g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u00ean tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng m\u1ecfng \/ China walks on thin ice.<\/i> M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd x\u1ea5u x\u00ed h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng thi\u1ebfu b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 chia r\u1ebd, kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u01b0ng khi B\u1eafc Kinh h\u00e0nh x\u1eed ngang ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eb7n ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng hay l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u201cch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i\u201d cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u201cchi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d?<\/i><\/p>\n
NG\u00d4 TH\u1ebe VINH
California 16\/06\/2010<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/u><\/b><\/p>\n 1\/ The Mekong In Peril, Prashanth Parameswaran, Wed, 02 June 2010 www.asiasentinel.com\/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2509&pop=1&page=0&Itemid=594<\/a><\/p>\n2\/ China New Dam as Water Hog. USA Today<\/em>, April 21, 2010<\/p>\n3\/ Mekong Tipping Point: Hydropower Dams, Human Security and Regional Stability. Richard P. Cronin & Timothy Hamlin. The Henry L. Stimpson Center, Washington DC, 2010<\/p>\n 4\/ Mekong Nations Join Forces on Shrinking River. Bangkok Post<\/em> 05\/04\/2010.<\/p>\n5\/ Mekong body \u2018failed to protect waterway\u2019. Dowstream Nations suffering, activists say. Apinva Wipatayotin. Bangkok Post<\/em> 02\/04\/2010.<\/p>\n6\/ China to dam world\u2019s highest river. SNM Abdi in Calcutta, Stephen Chen & Kristine Kwok in Beijing. South China Morning Post<\/em>, Honglong April 24, 2010<\/p>\n7\/ The Economist on Dam Building in Africa: Tap that water. Controversy surrounds the argument for dam-building in Africa.<\/p>\n www.economist.com\/world\/middle-east\/displaystory.cfm?story_id=16068950<\/a><\/p>\n8\/ China\u2019s Dam Builders Go Global. China Dams the World. Peter Bosshard.<\/p>\n www.mitpressjournals.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1162\/wopj.2010.26.4.43<\/a><\/p>\n9\/ Irrawady Dam Construction Begins, Human Rights Abuses Begin. Saw Yan Naing. The Irrawady News Magazine<\/em>, Jan 29, 2008<\/p>\n10\/ Kachins anxious Wen\u2019s visit will boost Irrawaddy dam construction. June 03, 2010.www.kachinnews.com\/News\/Kachins-anxious-Wen\u2019s-visit-will-boost-Irrawaddy-dam-contruction\/<\/a><\/p>\n11\/ China\u2019s \u201cCharm Offensive\u201d Loses Momentum in Southeast Asia [Part II]. Ian Storey. Source: The Jamestown Foundation Publication: China Brief<\/em> Volume:10, Issue: 10, May 13, 2010<\/p>\n12\/ 472 Millions People Worldwide Negatively Affected by Dams. Jaymi Heimbuch, San Francisco, California. Sciences & Technology<\/em> 06\/10\/2010<\/p>\n13\/ Xiaowan Dam Generating Electricity in Kunming. Li Yingqing and Guo Anfei. China Daily<\/em> Yunnan Bureau, Seot 25, 2009<\/p>\nwww.chinadaily.com.cn\/regional\/2009-09\/25\/content_8738659.htm<\/a><\/p>\n14\/ Chinese Hydro-engineers propose World\u2019s Biggest Dam in Tibet. Jonathan Watts, Asia environment correspondent. The Guardian<\/em>, Monday May 24, 2010<\/p>\n15\/ Th\u0103m \u0111\u1eadp C\u1ea3nh H\u1ed3ng \/ Jinghong v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadp Ti\u1ec3u Loan \/ Xiaowan http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/vietnamese\/world\/2010\/06\/100616_mrc_dams_visit.shtml<\/a><\/p>\nNgo The Vinh MD<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp l\u1edbn tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Kinh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.
\nCh\u1ec9 m\u1ea5y th\u1eadp ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y th\u00f4i, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadp T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111a qu\u1ed1c gia EHDC (Ertan Hydroelectric Development Corporation) khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1eadp Tam H\u1ee3p (Three Gorges projects).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1233,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,152,189,9],"tags":[316,313,314],"class_list":["post-12786","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-hoc-thuat","category-kinh-te","category-nghien-cuu","tag-cuu-long","tag-mekong","tag-ngo-the-vinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12786","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1233"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12786"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12786\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71533,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12786\/revisions\/71533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12786"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12786"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12786"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} |
![\"clip_image001\"](\"http:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/bientap\/SINHCNHTONCUVNHNGCONPMADEINCHINA_DD29\/clip_image001_thumb.gif\" "\\"clip_image001\\"")
<\/a>C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 10 n\u0103m (11\/2000) \u1ee6y H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1eadp Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi (WCD, World Commission on Dams), \u0111\u00e3 cho \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c con \u0111\u1eadp l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n![\"clip_image003\"](\"http:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/bientap\/SINHCNHTONCUVNHNGCONPMADEINCHINA_DD29\/clip_image003_thumb.jpg\" "\\"clip_image003\\"")
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