<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/em><\/p>\n We will die if we don\u2019t create gods. We will die if we don\u2019t kill them<\/em> <\/em><\/p>\n N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 Naguib Mahfouz (v\u1eeba m\u1ea5t cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 8\/2006), nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ai c\u1eadp \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m 1988, th\u00ec hai khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c1 R\u1eadp hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 Mahmoud Darwich, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Palestine v\u00e0 Adonis. Tuy kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng b\u1eb1ng Mahmoud Darwich, l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng Adonis \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc xem l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00c1 R\u1eadp. Li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, Adonis n\u1eb1m trong danh s\u00e1ch b\u1ed1n nay n\u0103m nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao gi\u1ea3i Nobel v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1edbm mu\u1ed9n g\u00ec, gi\u1ea3i Nobel c\u0169ng l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o tay \u00f4ng, y nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Coetzee (Nobel v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m 2003). Edwar Said, nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Palestine, g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 "nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u00c1 R\u1eadp t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 khi\u00eau kh\u00edch nh\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y nay". C\u00f2n nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Sumuel Hazo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp th\u01a1 The Pages of Day and Night c\u1ee7a Adonis, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh thi ca \u00c1 R\u1eadp chia ra hai th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t m\u00e0 m\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Adonis: "C\u00f3 th\u01a1 \u00c1 R\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc Adonis v\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u00c1 R\u1eadp sau Adonis" (1). Adonis l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ti\u00ean phong v\u1ec1 th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00c1 R\u1eadp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 T. S. Eliot c\u1ee7a thi ca c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n Adonis, t\u00ean th\u1eadt l\u00e0 Ali Ahmed Sa\u2019id, sinh n\u0103m 1930 \u1edf Qassabin tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea thu\u1ed9c b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Ladhkia, n\u01b0\u1edbc Syria. Cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c nu\u00f4i con \u0111i h\u1ecdc trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, g\u1eedi \u00f4ng \u0111i h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o l\u00e0ng. Cha \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea1y \u00f4ng h\u1ecdc th\u00eam v\u1ec1 kinh Coran v\u00e0 th\u01a1 t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0. M\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u1edf m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do t\u00ecnh c\u1edd m\u00e0 do ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu b\u00e9 Said\u2019 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 13 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, nghe tin \u00f4ng Shukri alQuwatli, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Syria v\u1eeba m\u1edbi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1eeb tay Ph\u00e1p, s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m l\u00e0ng \u00f4ng, c\u1eadu b\u00e9 Sa\u2019id quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc cho t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng nghe. D\u1ef1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. Kh\u00f4ng n\u1ea3n ch\u00ed, Sa\u2019id ch\u1ea1y b\u1ed9 t\u1edbi n\u01a1i d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Jibla, n\u0103n n\u1ec9 v\u1edbi \u00f4ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Yasin Ali Adeeb. \u00d4ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1eadu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc th\u01a1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Shukri alQuwatli. N\u0103m sau, 14 tu\u1ed5i, Sa\u2019id \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng \u0111i h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Tartus, xa nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c d\u1eb7m.<\/p>\n Trong th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc trung h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u th\u01a1 g\u1eedi \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e0i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng. B\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh, n\u0103m 19 tu\u1ed5i (1949), \u00f4ng g\u1eedi to\u00e0 so\u1ea1n b\u00e1o m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 v\u1edbi b\u00fat hi\u1ec7u Adonis – t\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n trong th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i Hy L\u1ea1p. B\u00e0i th\u01a1, sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0103ng. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u00f4n t\u00ean m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Adonis. Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trung h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng ghi t\u00ean h\u1ecdc lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd, chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u1ecdc tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Damascus, Syria. N\u0103m 1956, sau khi \u1edf t\u00f9 g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m v\u00ec t\u1ed9i ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, \u00f4ng tr\u1ed1n sang Beirut, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 x\u1ee9 Li B\u0103ng (Lebanon) v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i l\u1ea5y lu\u00f4n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch Li-B\u0103ng. Beirut l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n l\u01b0u vong, r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u00e1u phi\u00eau l\u01b0u v\u00e0 \u01b0a th\u1eed th\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 Adonis. \u00d4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i "St Joseph University" \u1edf Beirut v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 n\u0103m 1973 sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng sang h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u1edf Paris. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00c1 R\u1eadp t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Li-B\u0103ng (gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1eeb 1970 \u0111\u1ebfn 1985), gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 th\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Damascus (1976) v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng \u00c1 R\u1eadp t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Sorbonne (Ph\u00e1p). \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c. N\u0103m 1985, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Paris. <\/p>\n Tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i s\u1edbm ti\u1ebfp thu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong th\u1eddi gian theo h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c1 R\u1eadp v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp thu v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng \u00c1 R\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n, th\u01a1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, nh\u1eb1m truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, \u00f4ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u01a1 c\u00f9ng ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Li B\u0103ng, Yousif Al-Khal, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 th\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cShir\u201d (Poetry), ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung th\u01a1, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i l\u00e0m th\u01a1 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u qua c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch. T\u1edd b\u00e1o l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng khu bi\u1ec7t b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c, xi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m quan c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n xuy\u00ean qua h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m thay v\u00ec u\u1ed1n m\u00ecnh theo \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eeba ra \u0111\u1eddi li\u1ec1n b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 quy t\u1ee5 chung quanh t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u201cAl-Adab\u201d (Literature), tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng \u201cShir\u201d. H\u1ecd h\u00f4 h\u00e0o t\u1ea9y chay \u201cShir\u201d\u2019, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o t\u1edd t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed l\u00e0 theo M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 quy cho \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u201cShir\u201d\u2019 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. R\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi th\u1eafng th\u1ebf. \u201cShir\u201d\u2019 d\u1ea7n d\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 n\u1ec1n thi ca \u00c1 R\u1eadp. N\u0103m 1968, \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp san kh\u00e1c, \u201cMawa Qif\u201d (Positions) m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u201cShir\u201d’, l\u1eadp n\u00ean m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n m\u1edbi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c1 R\u1eadp. "D\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u01a1 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00c1 R\u1eadp", Adonis cho bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n V\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u01a1, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn lao kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 tr\u1ebb v\u1ec1 sau. \u1ede trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00c1 R\u1eadp, t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea7ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u1eeb "hadatha", c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 "ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i" bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng qua th\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u01a1 ca nh\u01b0 Zaman al-shir’ (1972) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00c1 R\u1eadp. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. Th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, t\u00ednh ti\u00ean tri, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a thi ca \u00c1 R\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00c1 R\u1eadp, c\u00e1c kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sinh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 tha nh\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng h\u01a1n h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y, theo Adam Shatz, th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Adonis l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y mang t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o (creative destruction). S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y xuy\u00ean qua m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 l\u00e0 James Joyce, Antonin Artaud v\u00e0 Andr\u00e9 Breton, Adonis b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 "c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c" b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c "t\u00e1i-t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng" (re-imagine) m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u00e1m b\u1ee5i c\u1ee7a "th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng". \u00d4ng g\u1ecdi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thi ca l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 "ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t" (language of absence). Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ebf, t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n kh\u1ecfi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng. "C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m th\u01a1 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m b\u00edt l\u1ed1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00fang ta; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i xa l\u1eafm trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 cu\u1ed3ng n\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i s\u00e1o r\u1ed7ng, nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00f4 \u00edch, tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh thay trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1" (2).<\/p>\n We will die if we don\u2019t create gods. We will die if we don\u2019t kill them. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft h\u1ecd, Adonis kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh (3). Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00e2m vang c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1-tri\u1ebft gia Friedrich Nietzsche v\u1edbi l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u1ee9 danh ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o "Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft". Nghe hao hao nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m "Ph\u1ee5ng Ph\u1eadt s\u00e1t Ph\u1eadt" trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Theo Adonis, "th\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c"(4). Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed chung c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai, ph\u1ea3i t\u1ecf r\u00f5 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 cho c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng th\u01a1 ca \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Adonis cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a thi ca \u00c1 R\u1eadp, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t th\u0103m d\u00f2 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thi ca v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft. Vi\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u00c1 R\u1eadp th\u00e0nh c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, trong khi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh chuy\u1ec7n \u201cvi\u1ebft\u201dth\u00e0nh c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng "ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan" (poet of paradoxes and extremes), v\u00ec d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi. Sau n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 th\u01a1, theo \u0111\u00f3, \u201cth\u01a1\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi \u201cvi\u1ebft\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u01a1 ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u1eb3n ra kh\u1ecfi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n cho t\u00ednh \u0111a t\u1ea7ng, \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111a c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n Theo ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Hisham Sharabi (5), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem Adonis l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u201ct\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d(thoughtful poet). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 m\u00e0 th\u01a1 l\u00e0m ra ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. Th\u01a1 \u00f4ng phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng quen v\u1edbi phong c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Th\u01a1 \u00f4ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 \u0110\u1ee9c Rainer Maria Rilke (1875-1926), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m sau n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng Rilke, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t (universal), v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 \u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u01a1 Adonis, theo gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Hisham Sharabi, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a hai t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn \u201cWhat are Poets for?\u201dc\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft gia \u0110\u1ee9c Heidegger v\u00e0 hai l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn \u201cOn Dreams\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc Freud. Trong \u201cWhat are Poets for?\u201d, Heidegger b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 thi ca, cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 th\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cy\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d v\u00e0 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y ra c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f2n \u1ea9n d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao cho c\u00e1i \u201cxa\u201d tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cg\u1ea7n\u201d. C\u00f2n Freud, qua \u201cOn Dreams\u201d, gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 th\u01a1, v\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 kh\u1eafng kh\u00edt gi\u1eefa gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 v\u00e0 th\u01a1. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i dung trong s\u1ef1 minh gi\u1ea3i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u01a1; v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, trong s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u \u1ea9n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n Trong b\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng phu \u201cContradictory SelfSelves\u201d(6), Kamal Abu-Deeb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Adonis m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9. Theo \u00f4ng, qua h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y th\u01a1 Adonis lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a t\u00ednh m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1. T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ee5 (unifying), v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1n (devisive). \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean ch\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e0ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 si\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t. R\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c, ch\u00ednh th\u01a1 Adonis h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. Trong khi v\u1eabn theo h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n ly, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y. Abu-Deeb ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong th\u01a1 Adonis t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m thi ca v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng. Trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i \u201cM\u1ed9t\u201d (Oneness):<\/p>\n I have become the mirror. I have reflected everything<\/p>\n … I and water have become lovers:<\/p>\n I am born in the name of water<\/p>\n water is born in me<\/p>\n I and water have become twins. (The Tree of the East) <\/p>\n D\u1ea7n d\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau, th\u01a1 \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd: <\/p>\n Every time I say: here is a land coming close <\/p>\n and blossoming in a language so near,<\/p>\n another language<\/p>\n flings me to another land.<\/p>\n C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, b\u1ecb ru\u1ed3ng r\u1eaby, b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i:<\/p>\n a creator devoured by his creatures,<\/p>\n a country<\/p>\n hiding in the blood gushing forth <\/p>\n out of its dismembered limbs,-<\/p>\n This is the age commencing.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n C\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 sau, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ca ng\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee7 tr\u00f9m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u01a1 Adonis:<\/p>\n How beautiful this world is, which comes into being in the footsteps,<\/p>\n the Earth is a bed<\/p>\n and things are contrary to (or contradict) things.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb t\u1eadp th\u01a1 \u201cKitab al-Hisar\u201d (The Book of the Siege), to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Adonis l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd. M\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd b\u00e2y gi\u1edd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng:<\/p>\n – I murmured: Nothing fills me with clarity <\/p>\n like this obscurity; or may be I murmured: Nothing fills me <\/p>\n with obscurity more than this clarity.<\/p>\n – Marvel at paradoxes which alone are logical,<\/p>\n at contradictory things which we can see no unity except within them.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng ph\u00e2n ly, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn:<\/p>\n With language you wanted to know yourself <\/p>\n and know the world. <\/p>\n Therefore you separated things from their names. <\/p>\n You incited the object against its name <\/p>\n and the name against the object.<\/p>\n And here they are still fighting, <\/p>\n each searching <\/p>\n and not finding (7). <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Nghe \u00e2m vang \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh\u201d c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed.<\/p>\n T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Mufrad bi-Sighat al-jam. Theo nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, d\u00e0y t\u1edbi 400 trang, m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00e3 th\u1ebf, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00c1 R\u1eadp c\u1ed5 h\u1ee7, l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau m\u1ebfn. \u00d4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ecf ra h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3, khinh b\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 "\u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7" (ideological notion). Hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Paris, \u00f4ng lo ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t t\u1eadp 4 cu\u1ed1n Al Kitab. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c du h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1i m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 The Inferno of Arab history (bi\u1ec3n l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u00c1 R\u1eadp) b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri Muhammad cho \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Baghda v\u00e0o tay qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 n\u0103m 1258. "T\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e1c t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 R\u1eadp trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00f3".<\/p>\n Adonis c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Naipaul khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 \u00c1 R\u1eadp v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng hay ho g\u00ec c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u00c1 r\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 R\u1eadp. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00f4ng th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. "Hoa K\u1ef3 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n v\u00e0 v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i". Ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Palestine, \u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft "V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Palestine th\u1ef1c ra n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i chuy\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Palestine ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi nhau th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia hay m\u1ed9t li\u00ean bang. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Do Th\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn v\u1eabn d\u1eb1ng dai kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec theo \u00f4ng, c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u "l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nhau, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e9p k\u00edn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. Ai c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 cho r\u1eb1ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda h\u1ecd" (8) <\/p>\n Adonis c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n The Changing and the Fixed: A Study of Conformity & Originality in Arab Culture, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m hi\u1ec7n b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c1 R\u1eadp v\u00ec \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o gi\u1edbi t\u0103ng l\u1eef mu\u1ed1n v\u0129nh c\u1eedu h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, th\u1ee9 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 past-ism, m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 c\u00e1i m\u1edbi, s\u1ee3 tranh c\u00e3i. "Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ngay c\u1ea3 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i. C\u00e1i m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00c1 R\u1eadp c\u1ea7n, h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh (revolution of subjectivity), gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c1 r\u1eadp s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft th\u1ee9 "ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i" (secondhand modernity), m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i pha ch\u1ebf nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 r\u1ed7ng tu\u1ebfch + b\u1ea7u c\u1eed gian l\u1eadn + H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o c\u1ef1c \u0111oan. "Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1edf trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00c1 R\u1eadp. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u0103n ho\u00e1, ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ho\u00e1 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o" (9). B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp thu v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u1edbi hay chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch v\u0103n ho\u00e1, Adonis cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00f3a b\u1ecf c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft. S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u0103n ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n l\u1eabn th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c. S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 Lamartine \u201cCh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng \u00edch k\u1ef7 v\u00e0 th\u00f9 h\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng; t\u00ecnh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d(10). Adonis vi\u1ebft: \u201c(Victor) Hugo c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n n\u00f3i \u2018M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n\u201d(11) <\/p>\n V\u1eady th\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u00f2a tan ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u00c1 R\u1eadp ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y y nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i duy nh\u1ea5t. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1eeb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng trui r\u00e8n n\u00ean. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi Nietszche, Heidegger, Rimbaud, Beaudelaire, Goethe, Rilke\u2026h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u00c1 R\u1eadp. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, theo t\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd.(\u2026) T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: chuy\u1ec3n qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Kh\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng T\u00e2y. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d(12) <\/p>\n Sau bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 11\/9, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0m v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1971, c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 Qabr min Ajl New York (A Grave for New York) – N\u1ea5m M\u1ed3 Cho New York -, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 xu\u00f4i d\u00e0i. Kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u1ea5t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u1edf tr\u00ean, b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o. Adonis d\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 theo \u00f4ng l\u00e0 h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c1 R\u1eadp. \u0110o\u1ea1n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i th\u01a1 d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111oan ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t New York m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn: gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, v\u0103n minh chen l\u1eabn v\u1edbi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng<\/p>\n Picture the earth as a pear Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi New York: ng\u01b0\u1ee3i ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef (\u00e1m ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng N\u1eef Th\u1ea7n T\u1ef1 Do) m\u1ed9t tay th\u00ec c\u1ea7m bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do nh\u01b0ng tay kia l\u1ea1i b\u00f3p ngh\u1eb9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1, c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 danh \u0111i lang thang qua khu t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Harlem, c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm b\u00f3ng ma c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Walt Whitman v\u00e0 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng "m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn gi\u00f3 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1ed5 s\u1eadp nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi", "m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n kh\u00f3i chen v\u1edbi l\u1eeda" v\u00e0 "ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tan ch\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft". <\/p>\n C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 11\/9. Adonis kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. "New York \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u1eeba l\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. \u0110\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i th\u01a1, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i", \u00f4ng n\u00f3i (14).<\/p>\n Tr\u1ea7n H\u1eefu Th\u1ee5c<\/p>\n (vi\u1ebft 2\/2002, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung 10\/2006)<\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n <\/em><\/p>\n <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n (1)D\u1eabn theo Adam Shatz, An Arab Poet Who Dares to Differ, New York Times 13\/7\/2002 <\/p>\n (2)Adam Shatz, b\u0111d<\/p>\n (3)D\u1eabn theo Adam Shatz, b\u0111d<\/p>\n (4)A question that begets another question (d\u1eabn theo l\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u1eadp th\u01a1 \u201cThe Pages of Day and<\/p>\n Night\u201d) <\/p>\n (5)Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Adonis, There are many East’s in the East\/And many West’s in the West, <\/p>\n Banipal s\u1ed1 2, 6\/1998, (http:\/\/www.jehat.com\/en\/default.asp?action=article&ID=43)<\/p>\n (6)Kamal Abu-Deeb , Contradictory Self\/Selves, <\/p>\n (http:\/\/www.jehat.com\/en\/default.asp?action=article&ID=74)<\/p>\n (7) C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u01a1 tr\u00edch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb Kamal Abu-Deeb. <\/p>\n (8)Everyone pretends that God told them his last words<\/p>\n (9)D\u1eabn theo Adam Shatz, b\u0111d<\/p>\n (10) Only selfishness and hatred have a homeland; brotherhood has no homeland <\/p>\n (d\u1eabn theo Adonis trong \u201cTowards a culture of the Future\u201d)<\/p>\n (http:\/\/www.library.cornell.edu\/colldev\/mideast\/btheast.htm)<\/p>\n (11)Hugo once said "Every self comprises a complete model of all the selves" Man is a totality before he is a part (Adonis, xem ch\u00fa th\u00edch 10)<\/p>\n (12)Adonis, Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n Adonis, There are many East’s in the East\/And many West’s in the West<\/p>\n (13) D\u1eabn theo Wikipedia: http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ali_Ahmad_Said<\/p>\n (14)Theo Adam Shatz, b\u0111d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" We will die if we don\u2019t create gods. We will die if we don\u2019t kill them Adonis<\/p>\n N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 Naguib Mahfouz (v\u1eeba m\u1ea5t cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 8\/2006), nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ai …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":502,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,221,233,138],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12294","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-cac-so-da-mau-dinh-ky","category-da-mau-so-8","category-tieu-luan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12294","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/502"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12294"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12294\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":54066,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12294\/revisions\/54066"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12294"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12294"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12294"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
<\/em>Adonis<\/p>\n\n
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or breast.
Between such fruits and death
survives an engineering trick:
New York,
Call it a city on four legs
heading for murder
while the drowned already moan
in the distance.
New York is a woman
holding, according to history,
a rag called liberty with one hand
and strangling the earth with the other.(13)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
Ghi ch\u00fa:<\/strong> <\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n
\n <\/p>\n