{"id":11080,"date":"2010-03-05T03:54:00","date_gmt":"2010-03-05T03:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/archives\/11080"},"modified":"2022-02-27T02:36:14","modified_gmt":"2022-02-27T02:36:14","slug":"umberto-eco-danh-sach-cung-bieu-lo-su-bat-tuan-voi-chinh-the-phan-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/11080\/umberto-eco-danh-sach-cung-bieu-lo-su-bat-tuan-voi-chinh-the-phan-2","title":{"rendered":"Umberto Eco: “Danh Sách C\u0169ng Bi\u1ec3u L\u1ed9 S\u1ef1 B\u1ea5t Tuân [V\u1edbi Chính Th\u1ec3]” (ph\u1ea7n 2)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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LTS<\/strong>: Trong ph\u1ea7n II c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Der Spiegel<\/em> v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m Mille e tre<\/em> xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Louvre, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n\/nh\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc Umberto Eco th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u201cn\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o c\u1ee7a Google. <\/p>\n

Xin \u0111\u1ecdc Ph\u1ea7n I<\/em>, Umberto Eco: \u201cCh\u00fang Ta Th\u00edch Nh\u1eefng Danh S\u00e1ch V\u00ec Ch\u00fang Ta Mu\u1ed1n \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ea5t T\u1eed\u201d<\/em> (\u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean Da M\u00e0u ng\u00e0y 4\/3\/10, http:\/\/damau.org\/archives\/11048<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\"les<\/a> <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Spiegel:<\/b> Trong cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m \u1edf vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Louvre, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, nh\u01b0 tranh t\u0129nh v\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng khung, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 g\u00ec h\u01a1n ngo\u00e0i khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang mi\u00eau t\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Eco: <\/b>T\u00f4i l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. L\u00fd do m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y chi\u1ec1u \u201cm\u1edf\u201d trong b\u1ee9c tranh. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem tranh th\u01b0\u1eddng mu\u1ed1n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khung tranh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 sao t\u1eeb b\u00ean tr\u00e1i, hay b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh. M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00f4 bi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Spiegel: <\/b>T\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng danh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n thu t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?<\/p>\n

Eco<\/b>: Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Louvre li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng h\u1ecfi n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t h\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng. M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Dan Brown, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 r\u1eddn r\u1ee3n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng th\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. T\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng danh s\u00e1ch. T\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y? T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00f4i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng danh s\u00e1ch c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 hay c\u00f3 th\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2m con n\u00edt. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1edf th\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\"Louvre-Eco-listes-Bourgeois-aime-lignes-1091\"<\/a>T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Louise Bourgeois (\u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c S\u01b0 Ng\u00f4n (Marabout) c\u1ee7a Claude Closky): \u201cEm y\u00eau anh. C\u01a1n th\u00e8m: vi\u1ebft cho ta 100 d\u00f2ng, kh\u00f4ng [,] ph\u1ea3i 200 d\u00f2ng\u201d (\u201cJe t\u2019aime. Le D\u00e9sir: vous me ferez cent lignes, non deux cents lignes\u201d), m\u1ef1c tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y k\u1ebb \u00f4 vu\u00f4ng (20.9 x 32.3 cm) (1977) <\/font><\/em><\/p>\n

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Spiegel<\/b>: D\u00f9 sao, \u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u0111am m\u00ea c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u2026 <\/p>\n

Eco<\/b>: \u2026 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec t\u00f4i th\u00edch n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh. N\u00e0y nh\u00e9, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Aristotle cho t\u1edbi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt bi\u1ebft h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t 80 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a con r\u00e1i m\u1ecf v\u1ecbt. H\u1ecd th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n; n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebb tr\u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 v\u00fa. V\u1eady \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a con r\u00e1i m\u1ecf v\u1ecbt l\u00e0 g\u00ec, hay c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\"platypus_features\"<\/a> R\u00e1i m\u1ecf v\u1ecbt c\u00f3 \u201cgen\u201d xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 t\u1eeb lo\u00e0i b\u00f2 s\u00e1t, chim, v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa<\/em><\/font>  <\/p>\n

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Spiegel<\/b>: S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Eco<\/b>: C\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eafc g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt hay ho, thi v\u1ecb h\u01a1n? Ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn con c\u1ecdp, khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i d\u00e3 th\u00fa s\u0103n m\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 s\u1ebd t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t con c\u1ecdp cho \u0111\u1ee9a con nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u00e0 ta s\u1ebd li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a con c\u1ecdp: con c\u1ecdp c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c to l\u1edbn, gi\u1ed1ng m\u00e8o, l\u00f4ng v\u00e0ng, s\u1ecdc \u0111en, d\u1eef v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh. M\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc qua c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c H2O c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 m\u1ec1m l\u1ecfng, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9ng g\u1ed9i r\u1eeda th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u00e2y gi\u1edb ch\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i. Danh s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n minh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00ec m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p [t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau.]<\/p>\n

\"Louvre-Eco-listes-Baldessari-boring-1080\"<\/a> John Baldessari, \u201cT\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n n\u1eefa,\u201d<\/em> <\/em>(\u201c<\/em>I will not make any more boring art\u201d), <\/em><\/font><\/font>lithograph (1971)
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Spiegel<\/b>: \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean ng\u1eebng chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta li\u1ec7t k\u00ea v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

Eco<\/b>: Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ba-R\u1ed1c l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng danh s\u00e1ch. B\u1ed7ng d\u01b0ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a h\u00e0n l\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1eefa. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1eddi Ba-R\u1ed1c c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u1ebf gian. Galileo t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng. Trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng, tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u00e1t ng\u00e1t. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u00f4i coi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda s\u0129 H\u00e0 Lan th\u1eddi Ba-R\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng danh s\u00e1ch: tranh t\u0129nh v\u1eadt v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y hay nh\u1eefng t\u1ee7 k\u00ednh tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt hi\u1ebfm. Nh\u1eefng danh s\u00e1ch do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t tu\u00e2n [v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3].<\/p>\n

\"Adriaen_van_Utrecht-_Vanitas_-_Still_Life_with_Bouquet_and_Skull<\/a> Adriaen van Utrecht<\/em><\/font>, Tranh Ph\u00f9 hoa \u2013 T\u0129nh V\u1eadt v\u1edbi B\u00f3 Hoa v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea7u L\u00e2u (Vanitas \u2013 Still Life with Bouquet and Skull) (1642)<\/font><\/em><\/p>\n

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Spiegel<\/b>: Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng v\u1eeba b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng danh s\u00e1ch c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho danh s\u00e1ch? N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng internet v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Google t\u1ea1o ra r\u1ea5t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Eco<\/b>: \u0110\u00fang \u0111\u1ea5y, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Google, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Google cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng ngay trong l\u00fac t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1i danh s\u00e1ch v\u1eeba t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n. Nh\u1eefng danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb Google c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o, m\u1ea5t t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 thu t\u1eadp ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb, Google l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc n\u00ean d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng h\u01b0, th\u1ef1c t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin internet.<\/p>\n

Spiegel<\/b>: \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c em th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i, tr\u00e1i? N\u1ebfu v\u1eady, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

Eco<\/b>: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00ean quay v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u hu\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda tuy kh\u00f4ng (hay ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3) d\u00f9ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ec7t t\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y qua nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n. N\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd ng\u00f3n tay, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch pha tr\u1ed9n nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u s\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tranh linh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc khi h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng internet. M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o n\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2: C\u00e1c em h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0o, t\u1eeb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea5t Qu\u1ed1c cho t\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ki\u1ebfn. H\u00e3y thu t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb 25 trang web r\u1ed3i so s\u00e1nh ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.\u201d N\u1ebfu 10 trang m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1ed1ng nhau, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ta th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng websites ch\u1ec9 sao ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Spiegel<\/b>: Ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u1eabn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch in, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9a t\u1edbi 30,000 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch. [Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n] c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Eco<\/b>: T\u00f4i s\u1ee3 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd [th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i] \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 50,000 quy\u1ec3n r\u1ed3i. Khi b\u00e0 th\u01a1 k\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m danh m\u1ee5c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea s\u00e1ch, t\u00f4i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1eebng. Nh\u1eefng s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i thay \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n, v\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n t\u00f4i c\u0169ng v\u1eady. N\u1ebfu l\u00fac n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1edf th\u00edch, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n. Cho d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n n\u00e0o. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh lang ch\u1ee9a to\u00e0n s\u00e1ch v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e0i t\u1edbi 70 th\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00f4i \u0111i qua \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t sung s\u01b0\u1edbng khi l\u00e0m v\u1eady. [Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n] v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft Napol\u00e9on ch\u1ebft n\u0103m n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y trong 2 ph\u00fat. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong ch\u1edbp m\u1eaft tr\u00ean internet. Nh\u01b0ng, nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, ch\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft tin \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n tin internet.<\/p>\n

Spiegel<\/b>: \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft gia Ph\u00e1p Roland Barthes trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, quy\u1ec3n S\u1ef1 ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a danh s\u00e1ch<\/em> (Vertige de la liste<\/em>). Barthes li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u00f4ng y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a. Barthes th\u00edch rau x\u00e0-l\u00e1t, qu\u1ebf, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00f3 m\u00e1t v\u00e0 gia v\u1ecb. \u00d4ng ta kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y; \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n d\u00e0i, c\u00e2y phong l\u1eef, qu\u1ea3 d\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ea1c. C\u00f2n \u00f4ng th\u00ec sao?<\/p>\n

Eco<\/b>: T\u00f4i c\u00f3 kh\u00f9ng m\u1edbi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n; v\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i say m\u00ea v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Stendhal n\u0103m t\u00f4i 13, th\u00edch Thomas Mann n\u0103m l\u00ean 15, v\u00e0 l\u00fac 16 tu\u1ed5i th\u00ec y\u00eau Chopin. R\u1ed3i t\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd Chopin l\u1ea1i ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea7ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ea1n, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean ng\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng danh s\u00e1ch c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 hay c\u00f3 th\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e2m con n\u00edt. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1edf th\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd …. Barthes th\u00edch rau x\u00e0-l\u00e1t, qu\u1ebf, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00f3 m\u00e1t v\u00e0 gia v\u1ecb. \u00d4ng ta kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y; \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n d\u00e0i, c\u00e2y phong l\u1eef, qu\u1ea3 d\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1508,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,26,140,133,42,177],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-dich-thuat","category-nghe-thuat","category-phong-van","category-sang-viet-ngu","category-van-hoa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1508"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11080"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11080\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":54570,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11080\/revisions\/54570"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}