{"id":105744,"date":"2026-06-18T04:19:07","date_gmt":"2026-06-18T04:19:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damau.org\/?p=105744"},"modified":"2026-06-18T08:27:25","modified_gmt":"2026-06-18T08:27:25","slug":"mot-thoi-dai-hoc-sai-gon-giao-su-tran-ngoc-ninh-va-di-ngon-an-giua-bao-mua-tuyet-xua-ky-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/105744\/mot-thoi-dai-hoc-sai-gon-giao-su-tran-ngoc-ninh-va-di-ngon-an-giua-bao-mua-tuyet-xua-ky-1","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f4\u0323t th\u01a1\u0300i \u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c Sa\u0300i Go\u0300n: Gia\u0301o s\u01b0 Tr\u00e2\u0300n Ngo\u0323c Ninh va\u0300 Di ng\u00f4n \u00e2\u0309n gi\u01b0\u0303a bao mu\u0300a tuy\u00ea\u0301t x\u01b0a (k\u1ef3 1)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>* Mais ou\u0300 sont les neiges d\u2019antan? <br \/>\n<\/em>Fran\u00e7ois Villon<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0\u0303ng tuy\u00ea\u0301t x\u01b0a nay la\u0300 nao?<\/em>&nbsp;<br \/>\nTr\u00e2\u0300n Ngo\u0323c Ninh<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i li\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng m\u00e2\u0301y mu\u0300a tuy\u00ea\u0301t phu\u0309 v\u01a1\u0301i gia\u0301o s\u01b0 \/ho\u0323c gia\u0309\/ba\u0301c si\u0303 Tr\u00e2\u0300n Ngo\u0323c Ninh. L\u00e2\u0300n th\u01b0\u0301 nh\u00e2\u0301t, phu\u0323 tra\u0301ch vi\u00ea\u0323c ch\u01b0\u0303a va\u0300 soa\u0301t la\u0323i ba\u0309n \u0111a\u0301nh ma\u0301y khi \u00f4ng giao <em>Tuy\u00ea\u0301t x\u01b0a-<\/em>Vi\u00ea\u0301t v\u00ea\u0300 v\u0103n ho\u0301a [<em>Kh\u01a1\u0309i Ha\u0300nh<\/em> xu\u00e2\u0301t ba\u0309n, 2002] r\u00f4\u0300i s\u01b0\u0309a soa\u0323n cho <em>T\u00f4\u0301 Nh\u01b0 va\u0300 \u0110oa\u0323n Tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng T\u00e2n Thanh<\/em> [Vi\u00ea\u0323t Ho\u0323c &amp; Kh\u01a1\u0309i Ha\u0300nh xu\u00e2\u0301t ba\u0309n, 2004). L\u00e2\u0300n th\u01b0\u0301 hai, \u00f4ng pho\u0301 tha\u0301c m\u00f4\u0323t b\u01b0\u0301c th\u01b0 nh\u0103\u0301m \u0111i\u0301nh chi\u0301nh va\u0300i tin t\u01b0\u0301c sai l\u00e2\u0300m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u00ea\u0301n thanh danh (2008), nh\u01b0ng chi\u0309 ph\u00f4\u0309 bi\u00ea\u0301n sau khi \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01a1\u0300i. Lu\u0301c \u00e2\u0301y, t\u00f4i v\u01b0\u0300a tr\u01a1\u0309 la\u0323i Pennsylvania, ta\u0301i ng\u00f4\u0323 mu\u0300a \u0111\u00f4ng tr\u0103\u0301ng xo\u0301a long lanh tuy\u00ea\u0301t d\u01b0\u01a1\u0301i a\u0301nh tr\u0103ng trong \u0111\u00eam khuya, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng v\u00ea\u0300 c\u0103n nha\u0300 thu\u00ea u ti\u0323ch va\u0300 bu\u00f4\u0301t gia\u0301 nh\u01b0 n\u00e2\u0301m m\u00f4\u0300.<\/p>\n<p>Trong 3 mu\u0300a <em>tuy\u00ea\u0301t x\u01b0a<\/em>, t\u00f4i \u0111a\u0303 m\u01a1\u0309 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c th\u00eam m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301nh c\u01b0\u0309a do\u0303i va\u0300o qua\u0301 kh\u01b0\u0301 \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c Mi\u00ea\u0300n Nam, gia\u0301n ti\u00ea\u0301p \u0111\u00f4\u0301i di\u00ea\u0323n v\u01a1\u0301i nh\u00e2n ch\u01b0\u0301ng va\u0300 s\u01b0\u0323 ki\u00ea\u0323n v\u00e2\u0303n ki\u00ean nh\u00e2\u0303n ch\u01a1\u0300 \u0111\u01a1\u0323i trong thinh l\u0103\u0323ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng h\u01a1\u0323p na\u0300y la\u0300 Gia\u0301o s\u01b0\/ho\u0323c gia\u0309 Tr\u00e2\u0300n Ngo\u0323c Ninh va\u0300 th\u01a1\u0300i ky\u0300 \u00f4ng \u0111a\u0303 ha\u0300nh ngh\u00ea\u0300 nh\u01b0 m\u00f4\u0323t ba\u0301c si\u0303 Y khoa, \u0111a\u0303 d\u00e2\u0323y ta\u0323i \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c Y khoa-Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c Sa\u0300i go\u0300n, \u0111a\u0303 gia\u0309ng ta\u0323i Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c Va\u0323n Ha\u0323nh, \u0111a\u0303 lu\u00e2\u0323n v\u00ea\u0300 Vi\u00ea\u0323t ng\u01b0\u0303, \u0111a\u0303 kha\u0309o v\u00ea\u0300 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng va\u0300 tri\u00ea\u0301t ho\u0323c th\u00ea\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i, \u0111a\u0303 tr\u00e2\u0300m ng\u00e2m v\u00ea\u0300 Ph\u00e2\u0323t ho\u0323c, \u0111a\u0303 tham chi\u0301nh tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c 1975 va\u0300 \u0111a\u0303 s\u00f4\u0301ng va\u0300i n\u0103m trong tha\u0300nh ph\u00f4\u0301 h\u00e2\u0301p h\u00f4\u0301i sau 1975. \u0110o\u0301 la\u0300 giai \u0111oa\u0323n \u0111i\u00ean \u0111a\u0309o khi \u0110a\u0309ng C\u00f4\u0323ng sa\u0309n Vi\u00ea\u0323t Nam n\u0103\u0301m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c chi\u0301nh quy\u00ea\u0300n mi\u00ea\u0300n Nam, ma\u0300 m\u01b0\u01a1\u0323n ch\u01b0\u0303 cu\u0309a chi\u0301nh \u00f4ng s\u01b0\u0309 du\u0323ng cho th\u01a1\u0300i Nguy\u00ea\u0303n Du, cu\u0303ng kh\u00f4ng kha\u0301c m\u00e2\u0301y:<\/p>\n<p><em>-\u2026 h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u0303a la\u0323i ha\u0303y co\u0300n m\u01a1\u0300-mi\u0323t vi\u0300 s\u01b0\u0323 ti\u00eau-hu\u0309y, c\u00e2\u0301t-d\u00e2\u0301u va\u0300 ngu\u0323y-tra\u0301 ca\u0301c s\u01b0\u0309-li\u00ea\u0323u, ca\u0309 trong la\u0303nh-v\u01b0\u0323c v\u0103n-ch\u01b0\u01a1ng-s\u01b0\u0309\u2026 <\/em>[Tr\u00e2\u0300n Ngo\u0323c Ninh<em>, T\u00f4\u0301 Nh\u01b0 va\u0300 \u0110oa\u0323n Tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng T\u00e2n Thanh<\/em>]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GS-tran-ngoc-ninh.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[105744]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-105747\" src=\"https:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GS-tran-ngoc-ninh.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"520\" height=\"304\" srcset=\"https:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GS-tran-ngoc-ninh.jpg 800w, https:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GS-tran-ngoc-ninh-300x175.jpg 300w, https:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/GS-tran-ngoc-ninh-768x448.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Ch\u00e2n dung Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \/B\u00e1c s\u0129 Tr\u00e2\u0300n Ngo\u0323c Ninh [1923 (Ha\u0300 N\u00f4\u0323i) &#8211; 2025 (California)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00d4ng may m\u0103\u0301n thoa\u0301t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c sang Hoa Ky\u0300 cu\u0300ng gia \u0111i\u0300nh, b\u0103\u0300ng m\u00f4\u0323t cu\u00f4\u0323c v\u01b0\u01a1\u0323t bi\u00ea\u0309n chi\u0309 sau hai n\u0103m \u0111\u00f4\u0301i di\u00ea\u0323n v\u01a1\u0301i la\u0301 c\u01a1\u0300 \u0111o\u0309, r\u00f4\u0300i ti\u00ea\u0301p tu\u0323c ha\u0300nh ngh\u00ea\u0300, ti\u00ea\u0301p tu\u0323c vi\u00ea\u0301t nghi\u0303a la\u0300 ti\u00ea\u0301p tu\u0323c nghi\u00ean c\u01b0\u0301u va\u0300 pha\u0301t bi\u00ea\u0309u.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A-THAM D\u01af\u0323 NH\u01af M\u00d4\u0323T NG\u01af\u01a0\u0300I THA\u0300Y va\u0300 NH\u01af M\u00d4\u0323T C\u00d4NG D\u00c2N VI\u00ca\u0323T NAM C\u00d4\u0323NG HO\u0300A 1954-1975<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gia\u0301o s\u01b0\/ho\u0323c gia\u0309\/ba\u0301c s\u0129 Tr\u00e2\u0300n Ngo\u0323c Ninh kh\u00f4ng chi\u0309 la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t vi\u0323 tha\u0300y l\u00f4\u0303i la\u0323c \u0111a\u0303 giu\u0301p g\u00e2\u0300y d\u01b0\u0323ng \u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c Y Khoa-Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c Sa\u0300i Go\u0300n, \u00f4ng co\u0300n tham chi\u0301nh khi nh\u00e2\u0323n tra\u0301ch nhi\u00ea\u0323m T\u00f4\u0309ng tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng V\u0103n h\u00f3a X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i va\u0300 \u0110\u0103\u0323c tra\u0301ch Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c (1965-1967), Vi\u00ea\u0323t Nam C\u00f4\u0323ng Ho\u0300a, Ngoa\u0300i Y khoa, \u00f4ng gia\u0309ng d\u00e2\u0323y M\u00f4n V\u0103n minh \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 V\u0103n H\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta\u0323i Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n (1966-1975). S\u01b0\u0323 nghi\u00ea\u0323p \u0111\u00f4\u0300 s\u00f4\u0323 cu\u0309a \u00f4ng g\u00f4\u0300m nghi\u00ean c\u01b0\u0301u v\u00ea\u0300 v\u0103n ho\u0301a va\u0300 Vi\u00ea\u0323t ng\u01b0\u0303, v\u00ea\u0300 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ngoa\u0323i qu\u00f4\u0301c va\u0300 Vi\u00ea\u0323t Nam, \u0111\u0103\u0323c bi\u00ea\u0323t v\u00ea\u0300 Nguy\u00ea\u0303n Du va\u0300 <em>\u0110oa\u0323n Tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng T\u00e2n Thanh<\/em>. L\u01a1\u0300i v\u0103n, l\u01a1\u0300i di\u0323ch cu\u0309a \u00f4ng ha\u0300m su\u0301c ma\u0300 di\u00ea\u0303m l\u00ea\u0323, t\u00e2n k\u1ef3.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/TranNgocNinh-and-colleagues.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[105744]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-105749\" src=\"https:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/TranNgocNinh-and-colleagues.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"556\" height=\"294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/TranNgocNinh-and-colleagues.jpg 639w, https:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/TranNgocNinh-and-colleagues-300x159.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 556px) 100vw, 556px\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><em>T\u1eeb ph\u1ea3i<\/em>: Gs May, Gs Tr\u1ea7n Ng\u1ecdc Ninh, Gs Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu, Gs Ph\u1ea1m Bi\u1ec3u T\u00e2m, Gs Tr\u1ecbnh V\u0103n Tu\u1ea5t. [Album gia \u0111\u00ecnh Gs Ph\u1ea1m Bi\u1ec3u T\u00e2m]<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Cu\u00f4\u0323c \u0111a\u0309o cha\u0301nh T\u00f4\u0309ng Th\u00f4\u0301ng Ng\u00f4 \u0110i\u0300nh Di\u00ea\u0323m x\u00e2\u0309y ra va\u0300o tha\u0301ng 11. 1963. Loa\u0323t bi\u00ea\u0301n \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng chi\u0301nh tri\u0323 ti\u00ea\u0301p theo v\u01a1\u0301i gi\u01a1\u0301i t\u01b0\u01a1\u0301ng la\u0303nh chu\u0309 \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng. M\u00f4\u0323t n\u0103m sau cu\u00f4\u0323c ca\u0301ch ma\u0323ng, Vi\u00ea\u0323t Nam C\u00f4\u0323ng Ho\u0300a ti\u00ea\u0301p tu\u0323c b\u00e2\u0301t \u00f4\u0309n v\u01a1\u0301i ca\u0301c cu\u00f4\u0323c chi\u0309nh ly\u0301 va\u0300 thay \u0111\u00f4\u0309i nh\u00e2n s\u01b0\u0323. Chi\u0301nh tri\u0323 ti\u00ea\u0301n th\u0103\u0309ng va\u0300o khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean \u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c. Thu\u0309 \u0111\u00f4 Sa\u0300i Go\u0300n l\u00f4\u0301m \u0111\u00f4\u0301m r\u00f4\u0300i t\u0103ng d\u00e2\u0300n s\u01b0\u0323 xu\u00e2\u0301t hi\u00ea\u0323n cu\u0309a ca\u0301c la\u0303nh tu\u0323 sinh vi\u00ean thi\u00ean ta\u0309 ho\u0103\u0323c n\u0103\u0300m vu\u0300ng ra m\u0103\u0323t ch\u00f4\u0301ng \u0111\u00f4\u0301i nh\u00e2n danh ho\u0300a bi\u0300nh, th\u00f4\u0301ng nh\u00e2\u0301t. Ti\u00ea\u0301p \u0111o\u0301 va\u0300 cho \u0111\u00ea\u0301n 1975, ca\u0301c vu\u0323 a\u0301m sa\u0301t gia\u0301o s\u01b0 hay sinh vi\u00ean, ho\u0103\u0323c tri\u0301 th\u01b0\u0301c cho th\u00e2\u0301y ba\u0323o \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng m\u01b0\u01a1\u0323n danh chi\u0301nh tri\u0323 cu\u0303ng ti\u00ea\u0301n va\u0300o tha\u0300nh ph\u00f4\u0301. Ba\u0301o chi\u0301 Mi\u00ea\u0300n Nam va\u0300 ca\u0301c c\u01a1 quan truy\u00ea\u0300n th\u00f4ng ngoa\u0323i qu\u00f4\u0301c li\u00ean ti\u00ea\u0301p \u0111\u0103ng ta\u0309i hi\u0300nh a\u0309nh thanh ni\u00ean thanh n\u01b0\u0303 sinh vi\u00ean xu\u00f4\u0301ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng bi\u00ea\u0309u ti\u0300nh, nh\u01b0\u0303ng cu\u00f4\u0323c bi\u00ea\u0309u ti\u0300nh co\u0301 khi tr\u01a1\u0309 tha\u0300nh ba\u0323o \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng khi x\u00f4 xa\u0301t v\u01a1\u0301i ca\u0309nh sa\u0301t. Chu\u0301ng ta, nh\u01b0\u0303ng ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i s\u00f4\u0301ng ta\u0323i Mi\u00ea\u0300n Nam, h\u0103\u0309n ch\u01b0a qu\u00ean ca\u0309nh m\u00e2\u0301y nho\u0301m thanh ni\u00ean, thanh n\u01b0\u0303, sinh vi\u00ean gi\u0103\u0300ng co v\u01a1\u0301i Ca\u0309nh sa\u0301t Da\u0303 chi\u00ea\u0301n? Nh\u01b0\u0303ng hi\u0300nh t\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng v\u00e2\u0303n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c l\u00e2\u0323p \u0111i l\u00e2\u0323p la\u0323i tr\u00ean ba\u0301o chi\u0301 qu\u00f4\u0301c t\u00ea\u0301 th\u01a1\u0300i \u0111o\u0301 nh\u01b0 xe h\u01a1i thu\u00f4\u0323c ca\u0301c c\u01a1 quan Hoa Ky\u0300 bi\u0323 \u0111\u00f4\u0301t cha\u0301y gi\u01b0\u0303a Thu\u0309 \u0111\u00f4 Sa\u0300i go\u0300n; m\u00f4\u0323t nho\u0301m ky\u0301 gia\u0309 \u0111\u00f4\u0323i no\u0301n ra\u0301ch bi\u00ea\u0309u ti\u0300nh trong nga\u0300y \u201cKy\u0301 gia\u0309 \u0111i \u0103n ma\u0300y\u201d. Vi\u00ea\u0323t Nam C\u00f4\u0323ng Ho\u0300a \u0111a\u0303 thua tr\u00ean m\u0103\u0323t tr\u00e2\u0323n tuy\u00ean truy\u00ea\u0300n th\u00ea\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i khi chi\u0309 co\u0301 nh\u01b0\u0303ng hi\u0300nh a\u0309nh \u0111o\u0301 xu\u00e2\u0301t hi\u00ea\u0323n trong khi kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u0323 v\u00ea\u0323 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c b\u0103\u0300ng ca\u0301ch cho th\u00e2\u0301y s\u01b0\u0323 tra\u0300 tr\u00f4\u0323n cu\u0309a ca\u0301n b\u00f4\u0323 C\u00f4\u0323ng Sa\u0309n; \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng th\u01a1\u0300i kh\u00f4ng gia\u0309i thi\u0301ch \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c ca\u0301c bi\u00ea\u0323n pha\u0301p tuy b\u00e2\u0301t th\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2\u0300n thi\u00ea\u0301t trong m\u00f4\u0323t qu\u00f4\u0301c gia tham chi\u00ea\u0301n.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00eam va\u0300o \u0111o\u0301, s\u01b0\u0323 ki\u00ea\u0323n th\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c ph\u00f4\u0309 bi\u00ea\u0301n b\u00ean ca\u0323nh m\u00f4\u0323t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4\u0323i (\u0111a\u0300n \u00f4ng) he\u0300n nha\u0301t, y\u00ea\u0301u ke\u0301m la\u0300 con s\u00f4\u0301 do m\u00f4\u0323t va\u0300i ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i ngoa\u0323i qu\u00f4\u0301c bi\u0323a \u0111\u0103\u0323t v\u00ea\u0300 phu\u0323 n\u01b0\u0303 Mi\u00ea\u0300n Nam phu\u0323c vu\u0323 ta\u0323i ca\u0301c qua\u0301n \u201cbar\u201d (loa\u0323i ti\u00ea\u0323m r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u d\u01b0\u0323ng l\u00ean m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301c v\u00f4\u0323i va\u0303 s\u01a1 sa\u0300i ta\u0323i Sa\u0300i go\u0300n hay nh\u01b0\u0303ng thi\u0323 tr\u00e2\u0301n g\u00e2\u0300n c\u0103n c\u01b0\u0301 \u0111o\u0301ng qu\u00e2n cu\u0309a qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n Hoa Ky\u0300). Nh\u01b0\u0303ng con s\u00f4\u0301 kh\u00f4ng chi\u0301nh xa\u0301c \u0111o\u0301 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c \u0111\u00e2\u0323m ne\u0301t th\u00eam b\u0103\u0300ng hi\u0300nh a\u0309nh \u0111a\u0300n ba\u0300 bu\u00f4n h\u01b0\u01a1ng ba\u0301n ph\u00e2\u0301n v\u00e0 v\u1ee3 giai \u0111oa\u0323n (ta\u0323m b\u01a1\u0323) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa K\u1ef3 ta\u0323i Sa\u0300i Go\u0300n. Ca\u0300ng khi\u0301ch \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng h\u01a1n la\u0300 loa\u0323i hi\u0300nh a\u0309nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng pha\u0309n gi\u01b0\u0303a n\u01b0\u0303 du ki\u0301ch M\u0103\u0323t tr\u00e2\u0323n Gia\u0309i pho\u0301ng Mi\u00ea\u0300n Nam mang su\u0301ng, qu\u00e2\u0301n kh\u0103n r\u0103\u0300n chi\u00ea\u0301n \u0111\u00e2\u0301u r\u00e2\u0301t oai hu\u0300ng trong khi phu\u0323 n\u01b0\u0303 Mi\u00ea\u0300n Nam qu\u00e2\u0301n kh\u0103n tang qu\u0103\u0300n qua\u0323i than kho\u0301c. Xu\u0301c \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u0303a la\u0300 hi\u0300nh a\u0309nh phu\u0323 n\u01b0\u0303 tri\u0301 th\u01b0\u0301c \u2013nh\u01b0 ba\u0300 lu\u00e2\u0323t s\u01b0 Ng\u00f4 Ba\u0301 Tha\u0300nh\u2014th\u00ea\u0309 hi\u00ea\u0323n quy\u00ea\u0300n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c xu\u00f4\u0301ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng tranh \u0111\u00e2\u0301u trong b\u00f4\u0323 a\u0301o da\u0300i tr\u0103\u0301ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00ea\u0301t b\u00e2\u0309n v\u01a1\u0301i \u0111\u00f4i gi\u00e2\u0300y t\u00e2y hay d\u00e2\u0303y du\u0323a tuy\u00ea\u0323t th\u01b0\u0323c tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c \u00f4\u0301ng ki\u0301nh ngoa\u0323i qu\u00f4\u0301c.<\/p>\n<p>Bi\u00ea\u0309u di\u00ea\u0303n phu\u0323 n\u01b0\u0303 Mi\u00ea\u0300n Nam nh\u01b0 m\u00f4\u0323t th\u01b0\u0301 sinh v\u00e2\u0323t \u0111a\u0301ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00f4 du\u0323ng, bi\u0323 \u0111a\u0300n a\u0301p, la\u0300m tro\u0300 ch\u01a1i cho ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i ngoa\u0323i qu\u00f4\u0301c vv. v\u00e2\u0303n la\u0300 th\u01b0\u0301 khi\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i l\u01a1\u0323i ha\u0323i cu\u0309a C\u00f4\u0323ng sa\u0309n, N\u0103\u0300m vu\u0300ng va\u0300 Th\u00e2n-C\u00f4\u0323ng nh\u0103\u0301m va\u0300o m\u0103\u0323c ca\u0309m b\u00e2\u0301t l\u01b0\u0323c cu\u0309a m\u00f4\u0323t s\u00f4\u0301 \u0111a\u0300n \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c ti\u0300nh th\u00ea\u0301 chi\u0301nh tri\u0323. Trong khi \u0111o\u0301, tri\u0301 th\u01b0\u0301c&#8211;nh\u01b0 Gia\u0301o s\u01b0 Tr\u00e2\u0300n Ngo\u0323c Ninh- Chu\u0309 \u0111\u00ea\u0300 cu\u0309a Ph\u00e2\u0300n I, va\u0300 Gia\u0301o s\u01b0 Nguy\u00ea\u0303n V\u0103n Trung-Chu\u0309 \u0111\u00ea\u0300 cu\u0309a Ph\u00e2\u0300n 2 trong loa\u0323t vi\u00ea\u0301t v\u00ea\u0300 \u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c&#8211; cu\u0300ng sinh vi\u00ean, nh\u00e2\u0301t la\u0300 sinh vi\u00ean thu\u00f4\u0323c Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c Sa\u0300i Go\u0300n va\u0300 Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c Hu\u00ea\u0301, pha\u0309n \u01b0\u0301ng th\u00ea\u0301 na\u0300o tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c ca\u0301c c\u01a1n h\u00f4\u0300ng thu\u0309y b\u00ean trong va\u0300 b\u00ean ngoa\u0300i?<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng l\u00ea\u0323, ch\u01b0\u0303 va\u0300 m\u01b0\u0323c se\u0303 la\u0323i chi\u00ea\u0301m m\u00f4\u0323t ch\u00f4\u0303 quan y\u00ea\u0301u b\u00ean ca\u0323nh su\u0301ng va\u0300 \u0111a\u0323n \u01a1\u0309 cu\u00f4\u0323c chi\u00ea\u0301n na\u0300y. Th\u00ea\u0301 n\u00ean, tu\u00e2\u0300n san <em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em>&#8212; do m\u00f4\u0323t s\u00f4\u0301 gia\u0301o s\u01b0, trong \u0111o\u0301 co\u0301 Gia\u0301o s\u01b0 Ng\u00f4 Gia Hy, Gia\u0301o s\u01b0 Tr\u00e2\u0300n Ngo\u0323c Ninh, va\u0300 Gia\u0301o s\u01b0 Nguy\u00ea\u0303n V\u0103n Trung, thu\u00f4\u0323c Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c Sa\u0300i go\u0300n, chu\u0309 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng&#8211;va\u0300 nguy\u00ea\u0323t san <em>Ti\u0300nh Th\u01b0\u01a1ng, <\/em>do Sinh vi\u00ean Y Khoa thu\u00f4\u0323c Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c Sa\u0300i go\u0300n tha\u0300nh l\u00e2\u0323p se\u0303 pha\u0309n a\u0309nh ph\u00e2\u0300n na\u0300o sinh hoa\u0323t ba\u0301o chi\u0301 trong n\u00ea\u0300n \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c T\u01b0\u0323 tri\u0323 Mi\u00ea\u0300n Nam. Hai ta\u0323p chi\u0301 na\u0300y cu\u0303ng la\u0300 ch\u01b0\u0301ng c\u01a1\u0301 nh\u0103\u0301m \u0111\u00f4\u0301i chi\u00ea\u0301u v\u01a1\u0301i tu\u00e2\u0300n ba\u0301o <em>L\u00e2\u0323p Tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng <\/em>do m\u00f4\u0323t nho\u0301m gia\u0301o s\u01b0 ta\u0323i Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c Hu\u00ea\u0301 la\u0303nh \u0111a\u0323o.<\/p>\n<p>V\u01b0\u01a1\u0323t ngoa\u0300i khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c, theo th\u01a1\u0300i gian, ca\u0301c ta\u0323p chi\u0301 <em>Ha\u0300nh Tri\u0300nh<\/em>, <em>\u0110\u00e2\u0301t N\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c<\/em>, <em>Tri\u0300nh b\u00e2\u0300y<\/em> ho\u0103\u0323c <em>\u0110\u00f4\u0301i Di\u00ea\u0323n<\/em> quy tu\u0323 m\u00f4\u0323t s\u00f4\u0301 ta\u0301c gia\u0309 c\u00f4\u0323ng ta\u0301c cu\u0303ng xu\u00e2\u0301t th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u0300 h\u00ea\u0323 th\u00f4\u0301ng \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c va\u0300 Qu\u00e2n l\u01b0\u0323c Mi\u00ea\u0300n Nam. Trong s\u00f4\u0301 \u0111o\u0301, m\u00f4\u0323t thi\u00ea\u0309u s\u00f4\u0301 Th\u00e2n-C\u00f4\u0323ng, th\u00e2\u0323m chi\u0301 N\u0103\u0300m Vu\u0300ng ngay gi\u01b0\u0303a ban nga\u0300y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2\u0300n mai phu\u0323c. Sau 1975, ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i th\u0103\u0301ng tr\u00e2\u0323n C\u00f4\u0323ng sa\u0309n pho\u0301ng \u0111a\u0323i ca\u0301c hoa\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng nh\u00e2n danh giai c\u00e2\u0301p lao \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng va\u0300 h\u01b0\u01a1\u0301ng v\u00ea\u0300 \u201cd\u00e2n t\u00f4\u0323c\u201d cu\u0309a va\u0300i ta\u0323p chi\u0301 th\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng d\u00e2\u0303n h\u00e2\u0300u ti\u00ea\u0301p tu\u0323c thuy\u00ea\u0301t phu\u0323c th\u00ea\u0301 gi\u01a1\u0301i va\u0300 ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i d\u00e2n Mi\u00ea\u0300n B\u0103\u0301c v\u00ea\u0300 s\u01b0\u0323 ti\u00ea\u0301n chi\u00ea\u0301m Mi\u00ea\u0300n Nam qua ha\u0300i ki\u0323ch ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i d\u00e2n Mi\u00ea\u0300n Nam mu\u00f4\u0301n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c \u201cgia\u0309i pho\u0301ng\u201d. B\u01a1\u0309i th\u00ea\u0301, vi\u00ea\u0323c tri\u0300nh ba\u0300y va\u0300 ph\u00e2n ti\u0301ch nh\u01b0\u0303ng ta\u0323p chi\u0301\/n\u00f4\u0323i san c\u00f4\u0309 vo\u0303 cho m\u00f4\u0323t n\u00ea\u0300n \u0111a\u0323i ho\u0323c ti\u00ea\u0301n b\u00f4\u0323 va\u0300 ch\u00f4\u0301ng C\u00f4\u0323ng Sa\u0309n nh\u01b0 <em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em> va\u0300 <em>Ti\u0300nh Th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em>; song song v\u01a1\u0301i vi\u00ea\u0323c ghi nh\u00e2\u0323n khuynh h\u01b0\u01a1\u0301ng chi\u0301nh tri\u0323 cu\u0300ng th\u00e2\u0301t ba\u0323i cu\u0309a <em>Ha\u0300nh Tri\u0300nh<\/em>, <em>\u0110\u00e2\u0301t N\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c<\/em>, <em>Tri\u0300nh b\u00e2\u0300y<\/em> ca\u0300ng c\u00e2\u0300n thi\u00ea\u0301t h\u01a1n v\u01a1\u0301i th\u01a1\u0300i gian kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u0300ng di chuy\u00ea\u0309n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>I.&nbsp; M\u00d4\u0323T N\u00ca\u0300N T\u01af\u0323 TRI\u0323 \u0110A\u0323I HO\u0323C: N\u00d4\u0323I SAN <em>TI\u0300M HI\u00ca\u0309U <\/em>VA\u0300 TU\u00c2\u0300N BA\u0301O <em>L\u00c2\u0323P TR\u01af\u01a0\u0300NG<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;Kha\u0301c v\u01a1\u0301i ca\u0301c t\u00e2\u0323p san chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nh\u01b0 <em>\u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c<\/em> (Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c Hu\u00ea\u0301) hay <em>T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng<\/em> (Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c Va\u0323n Ha\u0323nh), <em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em> tr\u01a1\u0309 tha\u0300nh m\u00f4\u0323t tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng h\u01a1\u0323p \u0111\u0103\u0323c bi\u00ea\u0323t vi\u0300 la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t di\u00ea\u0303n \u0111a\u0300n pha\u0309n \u01b0\u0301ng v\u01a1\u0301i th\u01a1\u0300i cu\u00f4\u0323c co\u0301 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u00ea\u0301n gi\u01a1\u0301i \u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c du\u0300 r\u00e2\u0301t v\u0103\u0301n s\u00f4\u0301. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u00ea\u0301t n\u00f4\u0323i san d\u00e2\u0300y 16 trang, quay rone\u0301o, pha\u0301t ha\u0300nh m\u00f4\u0303i tu\u00e2\u0300n na\u0300y ra \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c bao nhi\u00eau s\u00f4\u0301 nh\u01b0ng co\u0301 le\u0303 ch\u00e2\u0301m d\u01b0\u0301t sau 2 s\u00f4\u0301 vi\u0300, ngay sau \u0111o\u0301, Khoa Tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c V\u0103n Khoa-Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c Sa\u0300i go\u0300n\/Gia\u0301o s\u01b0 Nguy\u00ea\u0303n V\u0103n Trung, m\u00f4\u0323t trong 3 vi\u0323 chu\u0309 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng <em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em>, d\u01b0\u0323ng nguy\u00ea\u0323t san <em>Ha\u0300nh Tri\u0300nh <\/em>va\u0300o \u0111\u00e2\u0300u tha\u0301ng 10, \u0111a\u0301nh d\u00e2\u0301u s\u01b0\u0323 ta\u0301i xu\u00e2\u0301t cu\u0309a ri\u00eang \u00f4ng trong hoa\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng ba\u0301o chi\u0301, nh\u01b0ng d\u00e2\u0301n th\u00e2n va\u0300 quy m\u00f4 h\u01a1n. Ca\u0309 2 s\u00f4\u0301 <em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em> chu\u0301 tro\u0323ng va\u0300o 2 v\u00e2\u0301n \u0111\u00ea\u0300: H\u01a1\u0323p ta\u0301c ch\u0103\u0323t che\u0303 h\u00e2\u0300u x\u00e2y d\u01b0\u0323ng m\u00f4\u0323t xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i bi\u00ea\u0301n \u0111\u00f4\u0309i sau Ca\u0301ch ma\u0323ng nga\u0300y 1 Tha\u0301ng 11 n\u0103m 1963; tuy th\u00ea\u0301, n\u00ea\u0300n T\u01b0\u0323 Tri\u0323 \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c v\u00e2\u0303n pha\u0309i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c duy tri\u0300.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.&nbsp; <em>N\u00f4\u0323i san<\/em> Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sau s\u00f4\u0301 1, Ban Chu\u0309 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u0301nh th\u01b0\u0301c m\u01a1\u0300i gi\u01a1\u0301i gia\u0301o s\u01b0 va\u0300 gia\u0301o ch\u01b0\u0301c thu\u00f4\u0323c Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c Sa\u0300i go\u0300n cu\u0300ng ti\u00ea\u0301p tay:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>B\u01b0\u0301c th\u01b0 ngo\u0309<\/strong>&nbsp;<br \/>\nK\u00ednh g\u1edfi c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o-Ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1i-H\u1ecdc<\/p>\n<p><u>SAIGON<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Th\u01b0a Quy\u0301 Ba\u0323n,<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u00e2n-h\u1ea1nh g\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn tay Qu\u00fd B\u1ea1n t\u1eadp-san Ti\u0300m Hi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t mong c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edfng-\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd-ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ba\u0323n. L\u1ebd ra ch\u00fang-t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh-b\u1ea7y v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc \u00fd-\u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u00fd-ki\u1ebfn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng-h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p-ch\u00ed nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c, chu\u0301ng t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ra m\u0103\u0301t \u0111a\u0303, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 tranh-th\u1ee7 th\u1eddi-gian, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c la\u0300m quan h\u1ec7 h\u01a1n l\u1eddi n\u00f3i. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u00eam nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng la\u0300m, c\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quan-ni\u1ec7m t\u1eadp b\u00e1o n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i quy-t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c \u00fd-ki\u1ebfn chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n x\u00e2y-d\u1ef1ng ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cu\u0309a \u0110\u1ea1i-H\u1ecdc Saigon. Xin Qu\u00fd B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eebng coi t\u1eadp b\u00e1o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ai: n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u1edf m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m m\u00e0 ra, nh\u01b0ng ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ma\u0303i-m\u00e3i, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a chung t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e1i x\u00e3-h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i-H\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mong ch\u1edd r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf Qu\u00fd B\u1ea1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qu\u1ed1c-d\u00e2n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n mong ch\u1edd r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf ch\u00fang ta. Th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn g\u1eedi l\u1eddi ch\u00e0o \u0110o\u00e0n-k\u1ebft. [<em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em> s\u00f4\u0301 2, \u201cB\u01b0\u0301c th\u01b0 ngo\u0309\u201d, trang 1, Nga\u0300y 29, tha\u0301ng 9, 1964]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em> thu\u00f4\u0323c loa\u0323i n\u00f4\u0323i san da\u0300nh cho nho\u0301m hay h\u00f4\u0323i \u0111oa\u0300n, r\u00e2\u0301t thi\u0323nh ha\u0300nh th\u01a1\u0300i \u0111o\u0301 vi\u0300 th\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng kh\u00f4ng pha\u0309i qua h\u00ea\u0323 th\u00f4\u0301ng ki\u00ea\u0309m duy\u00ea\u0323t. Sau na\u0300y, khoa\u0309ng 1972, co\u0301 t\u01a1\u0300 tu\u00e2\u0300n ba\u0301o cu\u0300ng t\u00ean <em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em> chuy\u00ean v\u00ea\u0300 \u201cTh\u01a1\u0300i s\u01b0\u0323 Sinh hoa\u0323t\u201d do Phan L\u00e2m H\u01b0\u01a1ng la\u0300m Chu\u0309 nhi\u00ea\u0323m ki\u00eam Chu\u0309 bu\u0301t nh\u01b0ng hoa\u0300n toa\u0300n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u00ea\u0301n t\u01a1\u0300 <em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em> cu\u0309a 3 vi\u0323 gia\u0301o s\u01b0 tr\u00ean. T\u00f4i may m\u0103\u0301n ti\u0300m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c 2 t\u01a1\u0300 <em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em> pha\u0301t ha\u0300nh va\u0300o cu\u00f4\u0301i tha\u0301ng 9, n\u0103m 1964, trong m\u00f4\u0323t cu\u00f4\u0323n microfilm thu\u00f4\u0323c Th\u01b0 vi\u00ea\u0323n Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c Cornell, Ithica, New York n\u00ean se\u0303 cho \u0111\u0103ng la\u0323i 3 ba\u0300i cu\u0309a ho\u0323 va\u0300 nhi\u00ea\u0300u tin t\u01b0\u0301c kha\u0301c t\u01b0\u0300 ba\u0309n microfilm \u0111o\u0301.<\/p>\n<p>Gia\u0301o s\u01b0 Y Khoa Ng\u00f4 Gia Hy m\u01a1\u0309 \u0111\u00e2\u0300u b\u0103\u0300ng l\u01a1\u0300i gi\u01a1\u0301i thi\u00ea\u0323u cu\u0300ng gia\u0309i thi\u0301ch nhu c\u00e2\u0300u \u201cti\u0300m hi\u00ea\u0309u\u201d.&nbsp; Gia\u0301o s\u01b0 V\u0103n Khoa Nguy\u00ea\u0303n V\u0103n Trung ti\u00ea\u0301p tu\u0323c v\u01a1\u0301i \u201cRu\u0301t kinh nghi\u00ea\u0323m\u201d c\u0103n c\u01b0\u0301 tr\u00ean sinh hoa\u0323t lo\u0309ng le\u0309o ta\u0323i \u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c. Gia\u0301o s\u01b0 Y khoa Tr\u00e2\u0300n Ngo\u0323c Ninh go\u0301p y\u0301 v\u00ea\u0300 \u201cV\u00e2\u0301n \u0111\u00ea\u0300 Hi\u00ea\u0301n Pha\u0301p\u201d. <em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em> k\u00ea\u0301t thu\u0301c v\u01a1\u0301i ph\u00e2\u0300n \u201cTin t\u01b0\u0301c\u201d, chi\u00ea\u0301m nhi\u00ea\u0300u trang, chu\u0301 tro\u0323ng \u0111\u00ea\u0301n bi\u00ea\u0301n c\u00f4\u0301 \u201cChi\u0301nh tri\u0323 ho\u0301a \u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c\u201d ta\u0323i Hu\u00ea\u0301. N\u0103m 1964 la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t n\u0103m \u0111\u00e2\u0300y so\u0301ng gio\u0301 khi qu\u00f4\u0301c gia d\u01b0\u0323ng n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c m\u01a1\u0301i m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m la\u0323i tra\u0309i qua m\u00f4\u0323t cu\u00f4\u0323c Ca\u0301ch ma\u0323ng v\u00e2\u0301y ma\u0301u, trong khi v\u01b0\u0300a mu\u00f4\u0301n ch\u00e2\u0323n \u0111\u01b0\u0301ng C\u00f4\u0323ng Sa\u0309n b\u0103\u0300ng h\u00ea\u0323 th\u00f4\u0301ng Ha\u0300nh pha\u0301p v\u01b0\u0300a mu\u00f4\u0301n ba\u0309o \u0111a\u0309m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c h\u00ea\u0323 th\u00f4\u0301ng L\u00e2\u0323p pha\u0301p.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Tim-Hieu-mag.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[105744]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-105748 \" src=\"https:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Tim-Hieu-mag.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"253\" height=\"297\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em> s\u00f4\u0301 1, nga\u0300y 22, tha\u0301ng 9. 1964 &amp; S\u00f4\u0301 2, nga\u0300y 29, tha\u0301ng 9. 1964<br \/>\nIn th\u00eam l\u00e2\u0300n th\u01b0\u0301 2<br \/>\nNgu\u00f4\u0300n: Microfilm t\u01b0\u0300 Th\u01b0 vi\u00ea\u0323n Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c Cornell, Hoa ky\u0300<br \/>\n<em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em> kh\u00f4\u0309 21cm x 27cm, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00ea\u0300 gia\u0301, nh\u01b0ng ban chu\u0309 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00ea\u0300 nghi\u0323 \u0111\u00f4\u0323c gia\u0309 h\u00f4\u0303 tr\u01a1\u0323 50 \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng m\u00f4\u0323t s\u00f4\u0301 n\u00ea\u0301u mu\u00f4\u0301n.<em>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.1<\/strong><em><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp; \u0110\u1ec3 ti\u0300m hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng<\/em>\u2026 &#8211; Gia\u0301o s\u01b0 Ng\u00f4 Gia Hy, \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c Y Khoa Sa\u0300i Go\u0300n<\/p>\n<p>\u0110a\u0323i di\u00ea\u0323n cho nho\u0301m chu\u0309 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, Gia\u0301o s\u01b0 Ng\u00f4 Gia Hy gia\u0309i thi\u0301ch s\u01b0\u0323 c\u00e2\u0300n thi\u00ea\u0301t cu\u0309a m\u00f4\u0323t tha\u0301i \u0111\u00f4\u0323 d\u00e2\u0301n th\u00e2n trang bi\u0323 b\u0103\u0300ng ki\u00ea\u0301n th\u01b0\u0301c cu\u0323 th\u00ea\u0309 trong m\u00f4\u0323t xa\u0303 h\u00f4\u0323i b\u00e2\u0301t an v\u01a1\u0301i hai t\u00f4n gia\u0301o (Ph\u00e2\u0323t gia\u0301o va\u0300 C\u00f4ng gia\u0301o) co\u0301 m\u0103\u0323t m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301ch tr\u01b0\u0323c ti\u00ea\u0301p, gi\u01b0\u0303a ti\u0300nh hi\u0300nh chi\u0301nh tri\u0323 b\u00e2\u0301t \u00f4\u0309n v\u01a1\u0301i nh\u01b0\u0303ng cu\u00f4\u0323c chi\u0309nh ly\u0301 thay \u0111\u00f4\u0309i nguy\u00ean thu\u0309 qu\u00f4\u0301c gia:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>-N\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i (1) th\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf be\u0301, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t trong b\u00e3i sa m\u1ea1c. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i trong mu\u00f4n ng\u00e0n c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t hai, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u, \u1edf m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, \u1edf m\u1ecdi s\u1eafc-th\u00e1i, \u1edf m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh-th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u0300m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u&#8230; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng. M\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n-\u0111\u00ea\u0300 hi\u1ec7n-t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ti\u0300m hi\u1ec3u la\u0300 t\u00ecnh-tr\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t-Nam trong l\u00fac n\u00e0y, \u1edf gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn-qu\u1ed1c, t\u1ee9 ph\u00eda b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n-c\u00f4ng, m\u1eb7t trong c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i, ngo\u1ea1i thu\u0300 c\u00f3, n\u1ed9i th\u00f9 co\u0301. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3n-chuy\u1ec3n, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1o-\u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t bi\u00ea\u0301n-c\u1ed1. T\u1ec9nh-tr\u1ea1ng \u00e2\u0301y, b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c m\u00f4\u0303i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng-d\u00e2n, b\u1ea5t-lu\u1eadn \u1edf t\u1ea7ng-l\u1edbp n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i suy-lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i cho mi\u0300nh v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n-ph\u1eadn trong mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n b\u1ed5n-ph\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 con thi\u00eau th\u00e2n. V\u00e0 h\u00e3y can-\u0111\u1ea3m, l\u00e3nh l\u1ea5y tr\u00e1ch-nhi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y, n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u00fd-ngh\u0129, vi\u1ebft l\u00ean \u00fd mu\u1ed1n. \u0110\u1ec3 \u00fd \u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i gi\u00e2y chuy\u00ea\u0300n m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng \u0111ang b\u0103n-kho\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103m-chi\u00eau v\u1edbi th\u1eddi-cu\u1ed9c. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng e ng\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng danh-t\u01b0\u0300 nh\u01b0: \u2018Ch\u00ednh-tr\u1ecb\u2019 \u2018D\u00e2n-t\u1ed9c\u2019 \u2018X\u00e3-h\u1ed9i\u2019 tuy r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 bao phen b\u1ecb b\u00f4i nh\u1ecd, b\u1ecb l\u1ee3i-d\u1ee5ng, b\u1ecb cha\u0300 \u0111\u1ea1p b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi he\u0300n, tham v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c-\u00e1c. M\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u00ean \u201cngh\u0129a\u201d c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho s\u00e1ng-to\u0309, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u00ea\u0301 n\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i-h\u1ecfi \u1edf m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng-d\u00e2n c\u00f2n tha-thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c-gia nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u00e2n-th\u00e0nh, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c v\u00f4-t\u01b0, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf-ho\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y-d\u1ef1ng, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh-\u0111\u1ed9ng vun-\u0111\u1eafp.&nbsp; T\u00ecm-hi\u1ec3u la\u0300 v\u1eady, t\u00ecm-hi\u1ec3u: &#8212; \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafp m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, tay gi\u1eaft tay, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f2a v\u1edbi y\u00eau-th\u01b0\u01a1ng, x\u00f3a nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t-c\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111em c\u00f4ng-b\u1eb1ng l\u1ea1i cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, &#8212; \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n \u0111i t\u00ecm h\u1ea1nh-ph\u00fac tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng-c\u1eedu trong m\u1ed7i t\u00edn-ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1-do \u0111i theo ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Tim hay c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u ch\u1eb3ng g\u1eb7p nhau \u1edf m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 ba n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng an-h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e1i-b\u00ecnh v\u00f4-t\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u00f4-bi\u00ean. H\u00e3y tr\u1ea3 cho ti\u0301n-ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n-ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ti\u0301n-ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb nh\u01a1 b\u1ea9n, hoen-\u00f4\u0301 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng th\u1ed1i-tha c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4-tr\u1ecdc n\u00e0y. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129, \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 qua\u0301 t\u1ea7m tay, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng-ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi \u0111i b\u00ean l\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1eebng gi\u00e2\u0323y [sic] l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i. [Ng\u00f4 Gia Hy, \u201cChu\u0309 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u\u201d, <em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em> S\u00f4\u0301 1 (in th\u00eam l\u00e2\u0300n th\u01b0\u0301 2), trang 1, nga\u0300y 22 tha\u0301ng 9. 1964 * Chu\u0301 thi\u0301ch cu\u0309a ta\u0301c gia\u0309: \u201c(1) <em>Ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc trong th\u1eddi gian v\u00f4 t\u1eadn<\/em>.\u201d]<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;Chi\u0301nh vi\u0300 th\u00ea\u0301, gia\u0301o s\u01b0 Nguy\u00ea\u0303n V\u0103n Trung mu\u00f4\u0301n gia\u0309i quy\u00ea\u0301t ti\u0300nh tra\u0323ng lo\u0309ng le\u0309o cu\u0309a gi\u01a1\u0301i \u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c, ngu\u00f4\u0300n g\u00f4\u0301c cu\u0309a s\u01b0\u0323 \u201cd\u00e2\u0323m ch\u00e2n ta\u0323i ch\u00f4\u0303\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.2.&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/strong><em>R\u01a1\u0300i ra\u0323c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chia r\u1ebd v\u00ec c\u00f3 la\u0300m gi\u0300 chung \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 chia-re\u0303<\/em>\u2026- Gia\u0301o s\u01b0 Nguy\u00ea\u0303n V\u0103n Trung, \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c V\u0103n Khoa Sa\u0300i go\u0300n<\/p>\n<p>T\u01b0\u0300 nh\u01b0\u0303ng nga\u0300y \u0111\u00e2\u0300u cu\u0309a Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c Hu\u00ea\u0301, Gia\u0301o s\u01b0 Nguy\u00ea\u0303n V\u0103n Trung \u0111a\u0303 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c Linh mu\u0323c Vi\u00ea\u0323n tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng Cao V\u0103n Lu\u00e2\u0323n giao nhi\u00ea\u0323m vu\u0323 \u201cChu\u0309 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng va\u0300 Bi\u00ean t\u00e2\u0323p\u201d ta\u0323p chi\u0301 <em>\u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c<\/em> t\u01b0\u0300 tha\u0301ng 2, 1958 \u0111\u00ea\u0301n tha\u0301ng 4. 1961 khi pha\u0309i r\u01a1\u0300i Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c Hu\u00ea\u0301 m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301ch \u0111\u00f4\u0323t ng\u00f4\u0323t. Ngoa\u0300i nhi\u00ea\u0300u ta\u0301c ph\u00e2\u0309m xu\u00e2\u0301t ba\u0309n, \u00f4ng co\u0300n chu\u0309 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ta\u0323p chi\u0301 (quay rone\u0301o) <em>Ha\u0300nh Tri\u0300nh<\/em> ngay sau khi r\u01a1\u0300i <em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em>. \u00d4ng cho bi\u00ea\u0301t \u201cSau \u0111a\u0309o chi\u0301nh 63, ti\u0300nh hi\u0300nh Mi\u00ea\u0300n Nam xa\u0301o tr\u00f4\u0323n, kh\u00f4ng ai co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 th\u01a1\u0300 \u01a1 v\u01a1\u0301i nh\u01b0\u0303ng v\u00e2\u0301n \u0111\u00ea\u0300 chi\u0301nh tri\u0323. GS Tr\u00e2\u0300n Ngo\u0323c Ninh, GS Ng\u00f4 Gia Hy va\u0300 t\u00f4i ra t\u01a1\u0300 <em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em> in rone\u0301o\u2026\u201d [Nguy\u00ea\u0303n V\u0103n Trung, Ba\u0309n tha\u0309o <em>Nhi\u0300n la\u0323i nh\u01b0\u0303ng ch\u0103\u0323ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng \u0111a\u0303 qua<\/em>, trang 8]. Mong mu\u00f4\u0301n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c ta\u0301i sinh hoa\u0323t sau va\u0300i n\u0103m bi\u0323 ne\u0301m va\u0300o m\u00f4\u0323t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng xa (Hu\u00ea\u0301) ma\u0300 kh\u00f4ng la\u0323 (Sa\u0300i Go\u0300n), \u00f4ng ngo\u0309 y\u0301 tr\u00ean <em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em>:&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>-Ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2\u0323n r\u0103\u0300ng gi\u00e1o-s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i-h\u1ecdc Saigon r\u01a1\u0300i-r\u1ea1c. R\u1eddi-r\u1ea1c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chia r\u1ebd v\u00ec c\u00f3 la\u0300m gi\u0300 chung \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 chia-re\u0303. Do m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5-ch\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, c\u00e1c khoa c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nhau, n\u00ean ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng quen bi\u00ea\u0301t nhau. R\u1ed3i trong m\u00f4\u0303i khoa c\u0169ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 sinh ho\u1ea1t gi\u0300 chung, th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn r\u00fat kinh- nghi\u00ea\u0323m gia\u0309ng d\u1ea1y, trao \u0111\u1ed5i y\u0301 ki\u00ea\u0301n&nbsp; v\u00ea\u0300 b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch, bi\u00ean-kh\u1ea3o, nghi\u00ean-c\u1ee9u s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c&#8230; Ai n\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ea1y r\u1ed3i v\u00ea\u0300. C\u00f3 g\u1eb7p nhau th\u00ec ch\u00e0o h\u1ecfi vui-ve\u0309 va\u0300i c\u00e2u. Th\u1ebf th\u00f4i. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1eddi-r\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 th\u00ea\u0301, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan ni\u00ea\u0323m n\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 sinh-ho\u1ea1t t\u01b0-t\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Cho n\u00ean, khi c\u1ea7n g\u1eb7p nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh la\u0300m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c gi\u0300, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3u l\u00e2\u0300m, ng\u1ed9-nh\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u-l\u1ea7m ca\u0300ng d\u00ea\u0303 x\u1ea3y ra khi ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n de\u0300 d\u0103\u0323t nghi-ky\u0323 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng lo-s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb l\u1ee3i-d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y\u2026Bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp h\u00f4m 28.8 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng Lu\u1eadt, c\u00f2n ta\u0323m \u1ed5n. Nh\u01b0ng bu\u1ed5i t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp sau th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5t-ba\u0323i. Su\u1ed1t 3 gi\u1edd, ch\u1ec9 c\u00e3i nhau r\u1ed3i gi\u1ea3i-th\u00edch nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, ho\u1eb7c xa\u0301c-\u0111i\u0323nh v\u00e2\u0301n-\u0111\u00ea\u0300, m\u1ee5c-\u0111\u00edch bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf c\u01b0\u01a1ng-v\u1ecb n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdp, quy\u00ea\u0300n-ha\u0323n \u0103n n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7-t\u1ecbch bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp v.v\u2026 Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha\u0301n na\u0309n, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ecf v\u1ec1. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh xu\u00f4i ke\u0300n th\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 ca\u0309m t\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng ng\u1ed9 ngh\u0129nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Gia\u0301o-s\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 k\u00ednh m\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i m\u00e2\u0301y gi\u1edd lu\u00e2\u0323n-ly\u0301-h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01b0\u0301ng-minh ai ph\u1ea3i ai tr\u00e1i, v\u00ec ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd c\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng quy-lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t-bi\u1ec3u, c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp lu\u00e2\u0323n sao cho kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb hi\u00ea\u0309u l\u00e2\u0300m. Th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 do thi\u1ebfu t\u1ed5-ch\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng ra tri\u1ec7u-t\u1eadp \u0111\u00ea\u0300u s\u1ed1t-s\u1eafng h\u0103ng ha\u0301i nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng g\u1eb7p nhau l\u00e0 l\u00e0 lo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed c\u1ea3, ch\u1ee9 \u0103n n\u1eafm x\u00f4i th\u1ecbt g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u. Kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng khuy\u00ea\u0301t-\u0111i\u00ea\u0309m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp (thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ee7-t\u1ecbch sau m\u1edbi b\u1ea7u, ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u lung tung, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb-s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh), c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00fd-do ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i m\u1eddi h\u1ecdp qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh-ch\u00ednh (c\u00e1c khoa-tr\u01b0\u1edfng) v\u00e0 m\u1eddi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, ai \u0111i th\u00ec \u0111i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch, kh\u00f4ng quen nh\u1eefng sinh-ho\u1ea1t ngo\u00e0i chuy\u00ean-m\u00f4n, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec khoa-tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1eddi, n\u1ec3 n\u00ean \u0111i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean tra\u0301nh, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdp ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u0103n-kho\u0103n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n d\u00e2\u0301n-th\u00e2n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gi\u0300 chung v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u00e9p anh em theo l\u1ed1i \u201cH\u00e0nh Ch\u00ednh\u201d. R\u00f4\u0300i m\u1eddi ai \u0111i th\u00ec \u0111i, n\u00ean c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111i, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111i l\u1edbp tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ea7n sau \u0111i, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft-\u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft n\u1ebfp te\u0309 ra sao, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi v\u00e2\u0301n-\u0111\u00ea\u0300 th\u0103\u0301c-m\u1eafc&#8230;\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng anh em c\u00f2n thu\u0323 \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u01b0a n\u00ean th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tham gia c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c v\u00ec n\u00ea\u0309 nang. Tha\u0300 thu\u0323 \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng c\u00f2n h\u01a1n b\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng, l\u00e0m \u00e2\u0309u ma\u0300 v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u-tinh d\u00e2n-t\u1ed9c. V\u1ea5n-\u0111\u00ea\u0300 la\u0300 la\u0300m sao \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng anh em b\u0103n-kho\u0103n tha-thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi-cu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p nhau, ba\u0300n b\u1ea1c, ti\u0300m ra m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp-tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u0300nh th\u00ea\u0301, \u0111o\u0301ng g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u1edf c\u01b0\u01a1ng-v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a mi\u0300nh. Thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khi\u00eam-t\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 li\u00ean-l\u1ea1c ti\u0300m nhau c\u0103n-c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 quen bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng-c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nhau \u0111i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tham-d\u01b0\u0323. Nh\u00f3m c\u1ee9 th\u00ea\u0301 l\u00e0 l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00ean, tuy c\u00f3 ch\u00e2\u0323m, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc, v\u00ec x\u00e2y tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng-c\u1ea3m, \u0111\u1ed3ng-th\u1eddi cho ra m\u1ed9t t\u1edd n\u1ed9i san la\u0300m ch\u1ed7 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c, ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng ti\u0300m hi\u1ec3u chung. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i khi g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng-nghi\u1ec7p, gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Saigon t\u1edd \u201cT\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u\u201d nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 n\u00e0y. S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u \u201cch\u01b0a c\u00f3 g\u00ec\u201d l\u00e0 vi\u0300 m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e2n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t \u00fd-ki\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1-\u0111\u1ecbnh qui-tu\u0323, th\u00ea\u0301 th\u00f4i. Mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edfng-\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n tha-thi\u1ebft.\u201d [Nguy\u00ea\u0303n V\u0103n Trung, \u201cRu\u0301t kinh nghi\u00ea\u0323m\u201d, s\u00f4\u0301 1, trang 2-3]<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Sau Gia\u0301o s\u01b0 Ng\u00f4 Gia Hy va\u0300 Gia\u0301o s\u01b0 Nguy\u00ea\u0303n V\u0103n Trung, \u0111\u00ea\u0301n l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323t Gia\u0301o s\u01b0 Y Khoa Tr\u00e2\u0300n Ngo\u0323c Ninh.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.3<\/strong> <em>\u1ede Vi\u1ec7t-Nam, n\u1ebfu qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi-k\u1ef3 ni\u00ean-thi\u1ebfu m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham-d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat nh\u1ecf n\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng phong-tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt, ch\u1ed1ng C\u1ed9ng-S\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ed9c-Ta\u0300i th\u00ec d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt-gia \u0111\u1ea1i ta\u0300i hay Th\u1ea1c-S\u0129 C\u00f4ng-lu\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111a\u0301ng k\u1ec3\u2026 &#8211; <\/em>Gia\u0301o s\u01b0 Tr\u00e2\u0300n Ngo\u0323c Ninh, \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c Y khoa Sa\u0300i Go\u0300n<\/p>\n<p>Gia\u0301o s\u01b0 Tr\u00e2\u0300n Ngo\u0323c Ninh b\u00e2\u0300y to\u0309 t\u00e2m ni\u00ea\u0323m cu\u0309a chi\u0301nh \u00f4ng khi \u0111\u00ea\u0300 nghi\u0323 \u0111\u00ea\u0301n \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u ki\u00ea\u0323n c\u00e2\u0300n co\u0301 cu\u0309a ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i co\u0301 tra\u0301ch nhi\u00ea\u0323m soa\u0323n tha\u0309o ba\u0309n Hi\u00ea\u0301n Pha\u0301p: ch\u00f4\u0301ng la\u0323i mo\u0323i th\u01b0\u0301 quy\u00ea\u0300n l\u01b0\u0323c a\u0301p ch\u00ea\u0301 ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i d\u00e2n. T\u01b0\u0300 kinh nghi\u00ea\u0323m ca\u0301 nh\u00e2n \u00e2\u0301y, ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i soa\u0323n tha\u0309o se\u0303 t\u01b0\u0323 nguy\u00ea\u0323n \u0111em s\u01a1\u0309 ho\u0323c h\u00e2\u0300u phu\u0323ng s\u01b0\u0323 ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i d\u00e2n, h\u01b0\u01a1\u0301ng \u0111\u00ea\u0301n m\u00f4\u0323t ba\u0309n hi\u00ea\u0301n pha\u0301p \u0111a\u0301p \u01b0\u0301ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c nhu c\u00e2\u0300u qu\u00f4\u0301c gia:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>-T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb ai \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t-Nam b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. C\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang trong tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n. Nh\u01b0 trong v\u1ea5n-\u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ebfn-ph\u00e1p. La\u0300m hi\u1ebfn-ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng-l\u1ec7 t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i C\u00e1ch-M\u1ea1ng M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch-M\u00ea\u0323nh Ph\u00e1p, cho nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c-gia m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh-l\u1eadp. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n Hi\u1ebfn -Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u00f4ng-l\u00ea\u0323 th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u00ea\u0300n C\u1ed9ng-H\u00f2a Ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 n\u0103m v\u00e0 Li\u00ean-Bang C\u00f4\u0323ng-ho\u0300a S\u00f4-Vi\u00ea\u0301t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra cho c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi noi theo. Chu\u0301ng ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 \u1ea5y. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea3o Ch\u00ednh Nh\u1eadt ng\u00e0y 9.3.1945, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n Qu\u00e2n-Ch\u1ee7 L\u1eadp-Hi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u1eadp-hi\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3. N\u0103m th\u00e1ng tr\u00f4i qua, r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi Hi\u1ebfn-Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c- H\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t-Minh, ch\u00e9p g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang t\u1eebng m\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t \u1edf Hi\u00ea\u0301n-Ph\u00e1p Nga-S\u00f4 ra v\u00e0 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 \u1edf Nga- S\u00f4. Khi \u00d4ng Ng\u00f4 -\u0110\u00ecnh -Di\u00ea\u0323m \u0111\u1ea3o-ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 tru\u1ea5t-ph\u00ea\u0301 \u00d4ng B\u1ea3o-\u0110\u1ea1i xong, c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i theo \u0111\u00fang l\u1ec1-l\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 th\u00ea\u0301 v\u00ec la\u0300m ra m\u00f4\u0323t c\u00e1i Hi\u1ebfn-Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng bao-gi\u1edd a\u0301p-du\u0323ng. Qua m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i Hi\u1ebfn -Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch-s\u1eed v\u1edbi c\u00e1i bi\u1ec7t danh \u201c\u00d4-C\u1ea5p\u201d, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Hi\u1ebfn-Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Hi\u00ea\u0301n-Ph\u00e1p n\u1eefa. L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nghi\u0303 ngay la\u0300 vi\u1ec7c soa\u0323n tha\u0309o hi\u00ea\u0301n-ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e2\u0300n pha\u0309i giao cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lu\u1eadt-gia. R\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang, v\u00ec lu\u1eadt-gia l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean-m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt, ca\u0309 Hi\u1ebfn-Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng va\u0300 Hi\u1ebfn-Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt c\u0103n-b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c-Gia. R\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang, ch\u1ec9 thi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt-gia l\u00e0m Hi\u1ebfn-Ph\u00e1p trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi C\u00e1ch-M\u1ec7nh, Jefferson \u1edf M\u1ef9, Robespierre, Danton, Mirabeau \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 C\u00e1ch-M\u1ec7nh, hay \u00edt ra c\u0169ng la\u0300 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qua\u0301-kh\u01b0\u0301 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 trong s\u1ea1ch. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t-Nam, n\u1ebfu qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi-k\u1ef3 ni\u00ean-thi\u1ebfu m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham-d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat nh\u1ecf n\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng phong-tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt, ch\u1ed1ng C\u1ed9ng-S\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ed9c-Ta\u0300i th\u00ec d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt-gia \u0111\u1ea1i ta\u0300i hay Th\u1ea1c-S\u0129 C\u00f4ng-lu\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111a\u0301ng k\u1ec3. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m Hi\u1ebfn-Ph\u00e1p, tuy r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c-t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u0103\u0301m. C\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 Hi\u1ebfn-Ph\u00e1p \u1edf tr\u00ean th\u00ea\u0301-gi\u1edbi r\u1ed3i, ri\u00eang n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i C\u00e1ch-M\u1ec7nh 1789 t\u1edbi nay, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ta\u0301. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n so s\u00e1nh cho k\u1ef9-ca\u0300ng v\u00e0 m\u00e2\u0301t c\u00f4ng tri\u1ebft [sic]-trung th\u00f4i. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 khuynh-h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh-tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 c\u00e2\u0300m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu Ch\u00ednh-Ph\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u00e2n M\u1ef9 th\u00ec theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 d\u1ecbch nguy\u00ean-v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn-Ph\u00e1p th\u00ea\u0301-k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i ta\u0301m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 y\u00ean, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 Ch\u00ednh-ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh-s\u00e1ch gi\u0300 c\u1ea3, thi\u0300 se\u0303 li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 pha tr\u1ed9n cho kh\u1ecfi m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o h\u1ebft.&nbsp; J. Bodin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt-gia r\u1ea5t c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u00edt ai th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1593 r\u1eb1ng \u201cnhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n C\u1ed9ng-H\u00f2a r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 v\u0129-\u0111\u1ea1i v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u00e1m-d\u1ed7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt-pha\u0301p my\u0303-mi\u00ea\u0300u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng-H\u00f2a ho\u00e0n-to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i-ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd (<em>Plusieurs ont ruin\u00e9 de belles et grandes Rubliquer sous l&#8217;appat, d&#8217;une belle ordonnance qu&#8217;ils avaient emprunt\u00e9e d&#8217;une R\u00e9publique du tout contraire \u00e0 la leur<\/em>). Ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i Vi\u00ea\u0323t-Nam mi\u0300nh ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u01b0\u1edfi Bi\u00ean-H\u00f2a tr\u1ed3ng sang n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c th\u00ec chua. Xin \u0111\u01b0\u0300ng tr\u00f4\u0300ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e2y Hi\u1ebfn-Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o sang x\u00e3-h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t-Nam. Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc cu\u1ed1n \u201cD\u00e2n-Ch\u1ee7 M\u1ef9-Qu\u1ed1c\u201d c\u1ee7a De Tocqueville \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao-nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u-ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch-s\u1eed, t\u00e2m-ly\u0301, x\u00e3- h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n-ho\u0301a \u0111a\u0303 vun b\u00f3n cho Hi\u00ea\u0301n-Pha\u0301p Hoa-Ky\u0300. M\u1ed9t Hi\u1ebfn-Ph\u00e1p vi\u1ebft ra, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ta\u0301c-ph\u00e2\u0309m ly\u0301-tr\u00ed vi\u0303-\u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t l\u00e2u-\u0111\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3-s\u1ed9 ng\u0103n n\u1eafp, v\u1eeba h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi-trang l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111u\u0301ng c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean-t\u1eafc lu\u1eadt- ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5-\u0111i\u00ea\u0309n. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00e1c Hi\u1ebfn-Ph\u00e1p so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c-gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ebfn-Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ch\u00ednh-Quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu n\u1eb1m y\u00ean trong c\u00e1i khung c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Hi\u1ebfn-Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u0300m c\u00e1ch duy\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i, tr\u1eeb khi l\u00e0 ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u0103n k\u00e9o v\u00e0 kho\u0301a k\u00edn. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i d\u00e2n ch\u00fang n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t Hi\u1ebfn-Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5 bung l\u00ean sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb r\u1ed3n [sic] \u00e9p. V\u00ec sao? M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi so\u1ea1n-th\u1ea3o Hi\u1ebfn-Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh-tr\u1ecb trong ph\u00f2ng, th\u00edch nh\u1eefng ly\u0301-thuy\u1ebft di\u1ec5m \u1ea3o. D\u00e0n x\u1ebfp kh\u00e9o-l\u00e9o, l\u00fd-lu\u1eadn v\u1eefng-ch\u1eafc, l\u1eddi v\u0103n trang-nghi\u00eam t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c-tr\u1ea1ng x\u00e3-h\u1ed9i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u-qua\u0309 trong th\u1ef1c-t\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft. Ph\u1ea7n n\u1eefa th\u00ec c\u0169ng v\u00ec Hi\u1ebfn-Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o vi\u1ebft ra c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh-c\u00e1ch c\u1ed1-\u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 x\u00e3-h\u00f4\u0323i n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi-gian, trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u-ki\u1ec7n kinh-t\u1ebf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u1ea5u-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh-tr\u1ecb. Hi\u1ebfn-Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn-b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3-h\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00ea\u0300m de\u0309o \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u0323u nh\u1eefng th\u00edch-nghi c\u1ea7n-thi\u1ebft th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3n b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t Hi\u00ea\u0301n-Ph\u00e1p so\u1ea1n ra, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng-nh\u1eadn r\u1ed3i, m\u00e0 b\u1ecb d\u1ea7y x\u00e9o tr\u00e0 [sic] \u0111\u1ea1p b\u1edfi Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. C\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c-thi Hi\u00ea\u0301n-Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 b\u00e2\u0301t \u1ed5n-\u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh-tr\u1ecb? Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed7i ch\u1ed1c nh\u00e2n-d\u00e2n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o cho ph\u00e9p ba th\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u201cC\u00e1ch-M\u1ec7nh\u201d trong m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang-ta n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i, th\u00ec c\u0169ng n\u00ean g\u1eafng v\u00e0 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng-minh, ti\u0300m l\u1ea5y \u201cTinh-th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt-ph\u00e1p\u201d m\u00e0 \u00e1p-d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o x\u00e3-h\u1ed9i cu\u0309a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1ec3 cho nguy\u00ea\u0323n-v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n-l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh-toa\u0323i. [Tr\u00e2\u0300n Ngo\u0323c Ninh, \u201cV\u00e2\u0301n-\u0111\u00ea\u0300 Hi\u00ea\u0301n-Pha\u0301p\u201d, s\u0111d, trang 3-5]<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Ba vi\u0323 gia\u0301o s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng d\u00e2\u0303n \u0111a\u0303 tri\u0300nh ba\u0300y v\u00ea\u0300 hoa\u0300n ca\u0309nh va\u0300 ly\u0301 do cu\u0309a <em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em>, nh\u01b0ng trong lu\u0301c \u00e2\u0301y, nh\u01b0\u0303ng gi\u0300 x\u00e2\u0309y ra trong nga\u0300nh Gia\u0301o du\u0323c toa\u0300n qu\u00f4\u0301c, ta\u0323i Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c Sa\u0300i Go\u0300n cu\u0303ng nh\u01b0 trong n\u00f4\u0323i b\u00f4\u0323 cu\u0309a Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c Hu\u00ea\u0301? Ph\u00e2\u0300n \u201cTin t\u01b0\u0301c\u201d, s\u00f4\u0301 1, cho bi\u00ea\u0301t chi ti\u00ea\u0301t v\u00ea\u0300 cu\u00f4\u0323c t\u01b0\u0300 ch\u01b0\u0301c cu\u0309a Gia\u0301o s\u01b0 Bu\u0300i T\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng Hu\u00e2n, B\u00f4\u0323 Tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng B\u00f4\u0323 Qu\u00f4\u0301c gia Gia\u0301o du\u0323c, ke\u0301o theo s\u01b0\u0323 t\u01b0\u0300 ch\u01b0\u0301c cu\u0309a Gia\u0301o s\u01b0 Nguy\u00ea\u0303n \u0110\u0103ng Thu\u0323c, Khoa Tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c V\u0103n Khoa thu\u00f4\u0323c Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c Sa\u0300i Go\u0300n. Tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c \u0111o\u0301 1 tha\u0301ng, cu\u0303ng theo <em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em>, \u00f4ng Nguy\u00ea\u0303n \u0110\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c, Gia\u0301m \u0111\u00f4\u0301c Nha Ky\u0303 thu\u00e2\u0323t Ho\u0323c vu\u0323 \u0111a\u0303 xin t\u01b0\u0300 ch\u01b0\u0301c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00f4\u0300ng th\u01a1\u0300i, Linh mu\u0323c Cao V\u0103n Lu\u00e2\u0323n, Vi\u00ea\u0323n tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c Hu\u00ea\u0301, bi\u0323 m\u00f4\u0323t nho\u0301m gia\u0301o s\u01b0 va\u0300 h\u00e2\u0300u h\u00ea\u0301t Khoa Tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng ca\u0301c ph\u00e2n khoa bu\u00f4\u0323c pha\u0309i t\u01b0\u0300 ch\u01b0\u0301c khi \u0111ang c\u00f4ng ca\u0301n ta\u0323i Sa\u0300i Go\u0300n. T\u01b0\u0300 \u0111o\u0301, v\u00e2\u0301n \u0111\u00ea\u0300 \u0111\u0103\u0323t ra la\u0300 \u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c \u0111ang co\u0301 nguy c\u01a1 bi\u0323 Chi\u0301nh tri\u0323 ho\u0301a: Co\u0301 pha\u0309i n\u00ea\u0300n T\u01b0\u0323 tri\u0323 \u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c Mi\u00ea\u0300n Nam \u0111a\u0303 bi\u0323 vi pha\u0323m qua ha\u0300nh \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng va\u0300 pha\u0301t bi\u00ea\u0309u cu\u0309a nho\u0301m gia\u0301o s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng d\u00e2\u0303n? Nh\u00e2\u0301t la\u0300 khi ho\u0323 \u0111a\u0303 cu\u0303ng ta\u0323o d\u01b0\u0323ng m\u00f4\u0323t \u201cH\u00f4\u0323i \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n C\u01b0\u0301u qu\u00f4\u0301c\u201d ma\u0300 v\u0103n pho\u0300ng \u0111\u0103\u0323t ngay trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean \u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c. S\u01b0\u0323 tham gia \u00e2\u0301y ca\u0300ng khi\u00ea\u0301n s\u01b0\u0323 lo nga\u0323i va\u0300 pha\u0309n \u0111\u00f4\u0301i tr\u01a1\u0309 n\u00ean chi\u0301nh \u0111a\u0301ng.<\/p>\n<p><em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em> kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e2\u0300n nga\u0323i chi\u0309 tri\u0301ch, ngoa\u0300i ha\u0300nh \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng vi pha\u0323m tinh th\u00e2\u0300n t\u01b0\u0323 tri\u0323, vi\u00ea\u0323c \u0111o\u0300i ho\u0309i ca\u0301ch ch\u01b0\u0301c Linh mu\u0323c Vi\u00ea\u0323n tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301ch qua\u0301 l\u00f4\u0323 li\u00ea\u0303u co\u0300n co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 xu\u0301c pha\u0323m l\u00e2y \u0111\u00ea\u0301n tinh th\u00e2\u0300n \u0111oa\u0300n k\u00ea\u0301t ta\u0323i Hu\u00ea\u0301, n\u01a1i \u0111a s\u00f4\u0301 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 theo Ph\u00e2\u0323t gia\u0301o nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng lo\u0300ng h\u00f4\u0303 tr\u01a1\u0323 m\u00f4\u0323t Linh Mu\u0323c C\u00f4ng gia\u0301o Vi\u00ea\u0323n tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>&#8211; S\u1edf d\u0129 ch\u00fang-t\u00f4i ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00ea\u0301n vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Hu\u1ebf, l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp li\u00ean-h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i-H\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang-t\u00f4i thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00fang-ta t\u1ea1m kh\u00f4ng x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 Hu\u1ebf v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh hay kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng khi nho\u0301m Gi\u00e1o-S\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng \u00e1p-l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ea1i-H\u1ecdc, v\u1edbi t\u01b0-c\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i-H\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec th\u1eed h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0110\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb-h\u00f3a \u0110\u1ea1i-H\u1ecdc, vi-ph\u1ea1m tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 t\u01b0, t\u1ef1-tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1i-H\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<li>N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a mi\u0300nh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u00e1p-l\u1ef1c, th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i theo hay lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng theo, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1ea1i\u201d \u0111\u1ed9c-quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Pha\u0309i nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m, m\u1ecdi l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00f3a, tr\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1i-H\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf do ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4\u0323 Di\u1ec7m t\u1ea1o ra). S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i-H\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o Thanh ni\u00ean C\u1ed9ng-H\u00f2a, Phu\u0323-n\u1eef Li\u00ean-\u0111\u1edbi, l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Linh M\u1ee5c Vi\u00ea\u0323n Tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, ban gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u0169ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00ea\u0300 chia r\u1ebd t\u00f4n-gi\u00e1o hay chia-re\u0303 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o-s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f9ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 L.M. Vi\u1ec7n Tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed3i n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i. Sau ng\u00e0y 1-11-1963, gi\u00e1o-s\u01b0 v\u00e0 sinh-vi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 long-tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp L.M. Vi\u1ec7n Tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u201cTinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i-H\u1ecdc\u201d c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n ghi \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ecda-\u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1-s\u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i-H\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf T\u00f2a Vi\u1ec7n-Tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd sau \u0111\u00e2y: \u201c<em>\u0110\u1ea1i-H\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 do h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o hay ch\u00ednh- tri\u0323 chi-ph\u1ed1i, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u Vi\u00ea\u0323n-Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Linh M\u1ee5c Gia-t\u00f4-gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n-ch\u00fang theo Ph\u1eadt-gi\u00e1o<\/em>\u201d. [<em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em>, s\u00f4\u0301 1, trang 11-12, nga\u0300y 22.9.1964]<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\nNh\u01b0 th\u00ea\u0301, tinh th\u00e2\u0300n \u0111oa\u0300n k\u00ea\u0301t gi\u01b0\u0303a ca\u0301c t\u00f4n gia\u0301o\u2014ngoa\u0300i tinh th\u00e2\u0300n T\u01b0\u0323 tri\u0323 \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c&#8211; \u0111a\u0303 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c bi\u00ea\u0309u d\u01b0\u01a1ng ta\u0323i Hu\u00ea\u0301 va\u0300 ca\u0300ng c\u00e2\u0300n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c duy tri\u0300 sau cu\u00f4\u0323c Ca\u0301ch Ma\u0323ng 1. 11. 1963. Gia\u0301o s\u01b0 Tr\u00e2\u0300n Ngo\u0323c Ninh ba\u0300y to\u0309 s\u01b0\u0323 c\u00e2\u0300n thi\u00ea\u0301t \u00e2\u0301y qua ba\u0300i \u201cV\u00e2\u0301n \u0111\u00ea\u0300 \u0111oa\u0300n k\u00ea\u0301t t\u00f4n gia\u0301o\u201d va\u0300o s\u00f4\u0301 2 (s\u0111d, trang 2-6) h\u00e2\u0300u \u201cth\u00ea\u0309 hi\u00ea\u0323n m\u00f4\u0323t s\u01b0\u0323 \u0111oa\u0300n-k\u00ea\u0301t trong tinh-th\u00e2\u0300n \u0111a\u0323o-ly\u0301,\u201d vi\u0300 \u201c\u0110\u00e2y la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t trong nh\u01b0\u0303ng c\u0103n-ba\u0309n cu\u0309a s\u01b0\u0323 phu\u0323c-h\u01b0ng d\u00e2n-t\u00f4\u0323c Vi\u00ea\u0323t-Nam.\u201d [Tr\u00e2\u0300n Ngo\u0323c Ninh, <em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em> s\u00f4\u0301 2, trang 6, nga\u0300y 29.9.1964]. Ngay lu\u0301c \u00e2\u0301y, ngoa\u0300i nh\u01b0\u0303ng v\u00e2\u0301n \u0111\u00ea\u0300 c\u00e2\u0301p ba\u0301ch nh\u01b0 \u0111oa\u0300n k\u00ea\u0301t kh\u00f4ng gi\u01a1\u0301i ha\u0323n chi\u0309 va\u0300o la\u0303nh v\u01b0\u0323c t\u00f4n gia\u0301o, v\u00e2\u0301n \u0111\u00ea\u0300 soa\u0323n tha\u0309o Hi\u00ea\u0301n Pha\u0301p va\u0300 tha\u0301i \u0111\u00f4\u0323 d\u00e2\u0301n th\u00e2n \u0111a\u0303 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c ba\u0300n \u0111\u00ea\u0301n, thi\u0300 n\u00ea\u0300n T\u01b0\u0323 tri\u0323 \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c ch\u0103\u0301c ch\u0103\u0301n \u0111ang bi\u0323 th\u01b0\u0309 tha\u0301ch ta\u0323i Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i Ho\u0323c Hu\u00ea\u0301. S\u01b0\u0323 th\u01b0\u0309 tha\u0301ch na\u0300y tr\u00e2\u0300m tro\u0323ng \u0111\u00ea\u0301n n\u00f4\u0303i chi\u00ea\u0301m m\u00f4\u0323t ph\u00e2\u0300n l\u01a1\u0301n s\u00f4\u0301 trang cu\u0309a 2 t\u01a1\u0300 <em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em> ma\u0300 t\u00f4i co\u0301. Nga\u0300y nay, n\u00ea\u0301u chu\u0301ng ta \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c bi\u00ea\u0301t th\u00eam chu\u0301t na\u0300o m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301ch chi\u0301nh th\u01b0\u0301c v\u00ea\u0300 tha\u0301i \u0111\u00f4\u0323 va\u0300 pha\u0309n \u01b0\u0301ng cu\u0309a m\u00f4\u0323t s\u00f4\u0301 sinh vi\u00ean va\u0300 gia\u0301o s\u01b0 ta\u0323i ca\u0309 Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c Sa\u0300i go\u0300n va\u0300 Vi\u00ea\u0323n \u0110a\u0323i ho\u0323c Hu\u00ea\u0301 v\u00ea\u0300 bi\u00ea\u0301n c\u00f4\u0301 na\u0300y la\u0300 nh\u01a1\u0300 <em>Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>(<em>c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vi\u00ea\u0323c tri\u0300nh ba\u0300y va\u0300 ph\u00e2n ti\u0301ch nh\u01b0\u0303ng ta\u0323p chi\u0301\/n\u00f4\u0323i san c\u00f4\u0309 vo\u0303 cho m\u00f4\u0323t n\u00ea\u0300n \u0111a\u0323i ho\u0323c ti\u00ea\u0301n b\u00f4\u0323 va\u0300 ch\u00f4\u0301ng C\u00f4\u0323ng Sa\u0309n nh\u01b0 Ti\u0300m Hi\u00ea\u0309u va\u0300 Ti\u0300nh Th\u01b0\u01a1ng; song song v\u01a1\u0301i vi\u00ea\u0323c ghi nh\u00e2\u0323n khuynh h\u01b0\u01a1\u0301ng chi\u0301nh tri\u0323 cu\u0300ng th\u00e2\u0301t ba\u0323i cu\u0309a Ha\u0300nh Tri\u0300nh, \u0110\u00e2\u0301t N\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c, Tri\u0300nh B\u00e2\u0300y, ca\u0300ng c\u00e2\u0300n thi\u00ea\u0301t h\u01a1n v\u01a1\u0301i th\u01a1\u0300i gian kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u0300ng di chuy\u00ea\u0309n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1249,"featured_media":105747,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,136,9,8,181,190],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-105744","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-gioi-thieu-tac-gia","category-nghien-cuu","category-phe-binh","category-tu-lieu","category-van-hoc-mien-nam-viet-nam-1954-1975"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105744","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1249"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=105744"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105744\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":105752,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105744\/revisions\/105752"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/105747"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=105744"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=105744"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=105744"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}