<\/p>\n
Th\u1ee5y Khu\u00ea sinh n\u0103m 1944, qu\u00ea g\u1ed1c H\u1ea3i H\u1eadu, Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, n\u0103m 1954 b\u00e0 theo gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0o Nam r\u1ed3i du h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p r\u1ed3i \u1edf l\u1ea1i, n\u0103m 40 tu\u1ed5i, nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y trong n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u00f3 t\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0nh ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, n\u00ean b\u00e0 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o, v\u1eeba vi\u1ebft v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd b\u00e0 v\u1eabn mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee5y Khu\u00ea \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc (S\u00f3ng T\u1eeb Tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX), bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (Vua Gia Long v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p), cho \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n, ch\u00e2n dung, phim \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh (Tr\u1ea7n Anh H\u00f9ng), nh\u1ea1c (Ph\u1ea1m Duy, Cung Ti\u1ebfn), h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda (L\u00ea Th\u1ecb L\u1ef1u, \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n, L\u00ea B\u00e1 \u0110\u1ea3ng, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m), l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh, b\u1ea1o, \u0111a g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn, l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c cho ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh n\u00ean lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef, m\u1ed7i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, qua \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u00e9p cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u01a1i l\u1ea1i, gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch n\u1eb1m b\u1ee5i, c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft, ai \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft th\u00ec bi\u1ebft th\u00eam, hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee5y Khu\u00ea. <\/i><\/p>\n
Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3, ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n, n\u00ean t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 d\u00e1m so\u1ea1n ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft mong c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 Th\u1ee5y Khu\u00ea l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, lu\u00f4n nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft v\u1edbi l\u1edbp tr\u1ebb. Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c cho cu\u1ed9c th\u01b0a chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa t\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u00e0, hai th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, v\u00ec ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft nhau, b\u1edfi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ed9.<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n
Tru Sa<\/strong><\/i><\/p>\n 1.Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, t\u00f4i xin g\u1eedi l\u1eddi th\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh Th\u1ee5y Khu\u00ea v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c lang qu\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 trong m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, ch\u00fac b\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i kh\u1ecfe. N\u0103m 40 tu\u1ed5i b\u00e0 m\u1edbi vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1edbp v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ef9 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/i><\/p>\n C\u1ea3m \u01a1n Tru Sa, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u00fang th\u1ebf, t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 40.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ai c\u0169ng v\u1eady, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb tu\u1ed5i 40, m\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u. T\u00f4i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m v\u0103n, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y l\u00e0m v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ebfn L\u00ea. L\u00ean trung h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/i> c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Phan, \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 L\u1ef1c V\u0103n \u0110o\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tu\u00e2n, Nguy\u00ean H\u1ed3ng… \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4i mang theo sang Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1962, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 18. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i con, ch\u1ecb t\u00f4i v\u1eabn g\u1eedi cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m in \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, n\u00ean t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi V\u0103n H\u1ecdc Mi\u1ec1n Nam g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, d\u00f9 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n Sau n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb khi t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh (1987) v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh V\u0103n H\u1ecdc Ngh\u1ec7 Thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0i RFI (1990), t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0: L\u00ea \u0110\u1ea1t, Ho\u00e0ng C\u1ea7m, Nguy\u1ec5n Huy Thi\u1ec7p… r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i vi\u1ec5n li\u00ean Paris-H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n V\u1eady t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi \u0111i t\u1eeb tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 40. Tu\u1ed5i 40, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trang t\u00edch l\u0169y t\u1eeb th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i r\u1ec5, gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh b\u00e1m s\u00e2u xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t; n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ng\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n 2. Theo t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft th\u00ec gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u00e0 chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng nh\u1eafc b\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n, m\u1ed7i t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o. Li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 b\u00ed quy\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng h\u00e0nh trang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh?<\/i><\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u00e2u. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft do ai vi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c v\u00f4 l\u00fd. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf, v\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u n\u00e0y: m\u1ed7i t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o<\/i>? T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: ta n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh<\/i> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ta mu\u1ed1n ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. C\u00f2n t\u00f4i, l\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i c\u00f3 b\u00e1o \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i> m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh?<\/p>\n T\u00f4i v\u1eabn coi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u201ch\u1ecdc\u201d tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd, b\u1edfi v\u00ec khi t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p \u00f4ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u, l\u00fac \u00f4ng sang Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1993, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 7, 8 n\u0103m r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n T\u00f4i coi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ebfn L\u00ea, Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1edf Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ebfn L\u00ea, t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u0103n, \u1edf Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n H\u00e3n, c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc, \u1edf Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung, t\u00f4i kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1ch \u00f4ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1963, 1968.<\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean bi\u1ebft: kh\u00f4ng ai t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129 ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u1ea3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u do ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i. M\u00ecnh n\u00ean t\u1ef1 coi nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc, vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb trong b\u00ecnh ra<\/i>, n\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 l\u1ea5y m\u00e3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 th\u00eam n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u00ec b\u00ecnh s\u1ebd c\u1ea1n. Vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft c\u0169ng v\u1eady: n\u1ebfu ta c\u1ee9 vi\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc, <\/i>kh\u00f4ng cho tr\u00ed \u00f3c nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0103n m\u1edbi, th\u00ec b\u00ecnh s\u1ebd c\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec hay n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n V\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, b\u00ed quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh hay s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc<\/i>. V\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 t\u00f9y s\u1edf th\u00edch v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n <\/i><\/p>\n 3. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, chuy\u00ean lu\u1eadn, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 thu\u1ea7n v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u01a1, l\u00fac vi\u1ebft v\u0103n xu\u00f4i th\u00ec s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c theo th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh th\u01a1, ngo\u00e0i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc b\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed-ng\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1n thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t, l\u00fd do n\u00e0o khi\u1ebfn b\u00e0 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec theo \u0111u\u1ed5i bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o, l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 duy vi\u1ebft gi\u1eefa ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o?<\/i><\/p>\n M\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 g\u00ec nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng do ta \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i xin n\u00f3i v\u1eafn t\u1eaft: N\u0103m 1984, khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i b\u1ecb s\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 th\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00ecnh b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u201cnghi\u1ec7p v\u0103n\u201d. V\u00e0o r\u1ed3i, nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 t\u00e0i. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi V\u0169 Ng\u1ecdc Phan v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i <\/i>(1942), ta ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, tr\u1eeb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Trung, vi\u1ebft b\u1ed9 L\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, <\/i>T\u1eadp 1 (1963) v\u00e0 T\u1eadp III (1968), gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft gia Ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t \u00edt b\u00e0i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea7m th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i Ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t Thanh Th\u00fay. <\/i>V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1987, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng thuykhue.free.fr,<\/i> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 in th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0: S\u00f3ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng I, II, v\u00e0 III, <\/i>in n\u0103m 1998, 2002 v\u00e0 2005. V\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n Ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX<\/i>, in n\u0103m 2017, \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1ec1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, s\u00e1ch in \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: L\u00ea Th\u1ecb L\u1ef1u \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n<\/i> (2018), L\u00ea B\u00e1 \u0110\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u00e1c<\/i> ph\u1ea9m <\/i>(2024) T\u1eeb M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/i>, \u0111ang in. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ng\u1eebng vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 2013, khi t\u00ecnh c\u1edd \u0111\u1ecdc trong b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch Histoire de la Mission de Cochinchine 1658-1823<\/i> (L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam 1658-1823)<\/i> c\u1ee7a Andrien Launay, th\u1ea5y l\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c vi\u1ebft g\u1eedi b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean \u1edf Macao, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed C\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec v\u1ec1 gi\u00fap Nguy\u1ec5n V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/i>. T\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd: Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 m\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh v\u00e0 mua v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u1ec1 gi\u00fap Nguy\u1ec5n V\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1n s\u1eed, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed5i Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh vua Louis XVI, g\u1eedi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, t\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u1ec1 gi\u00fap Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ta c\u00f3 \u201cm\u00f3n n\u1ee3 l\u1edbn v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p\u201d.<\/p>\n Th\u00f4ng tin man tr\u00e1 n\u00e0y d\u1eabn t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. V\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2013, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng d\u00f2 d\u1eabm v\u1eeba h\u1ecdc v\u1eeba vi\u1ebft. V\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p s\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf r\u00f5 \u201cc\u00f4ng lao\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 t\u1ed9i l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc cho nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n: v\u00ec t\u00e0n s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i \u201ccan thi\u1ec7p\u201d v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee9 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. S\u1ef1 tr\u00e1 m\u1ea1o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u1eed m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf, v\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea9y ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, trong cu\u1ed1n Vua Gia Long v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p <\/i>(in n\u0103m 2017). Sau cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb khi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean sang n\u01b0\u1edbc ta th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, t\u00f4i so\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef<\/i>, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean m\u1ea1ng damau.org<\/i> v\u00e0 site: thuykhue.free.fr<\/i> t\u1eebng k\u1ef3, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a so\u1ea1n xong. T\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u201cc\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/i>\u201d n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa \u201ct\u01b0 duy vi\u1ebft gi\u1eefa ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o<\/i>\u201d, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1c, n\u00ean t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n 3. Trong b\u00e0i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Qu\u1ef3nh Mai, b\u00e0 vi\u1ebft \u201cV\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh<\/i>.\u201d Quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u1ecfi danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3?<\/i><\/p>\n T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t bu\u1ed3n khi c\u00e2u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u v\u0103n, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecdc, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. S\u1edf d\u0129 t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh Nguy\u1ec5n Tu\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0a cho \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc xem \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u1eeba \u00fd hay kh\u00f4ng. V\u00e0 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng V\u00f5 Phi\u1ebfn. T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t k\u1ef5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u00f4i qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 Mai Th\u1ea3o, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng, khi \u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, v\u00ec s\u1ee3 ng\u00f2i b\u00fat c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd thi\u00ean v\u1ecb v\u00ec t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ecbnh b\u1ee3. Ch\u1ec9 khi \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi r\u1ed3i, t\u00f4i m\u1edbi vi\u1ebft. C\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00f4ng V\u00f5 Phi\u1ebfn, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 quen s\u01a1, n\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 V\u00f5 Phi\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf.<\/i><\/p>\n <\/i><\/p>\n 4. D\u01b0\u01a1ng Nghi\u1ec5m M\u1eadu t\u1eebng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a M\u1eadu truy\u1ec7n do b\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t, \u00f4ng M\u1eadu h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u0103n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 so\u00e1t l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, r\u1ed3i ng\u00e3 ng\u1eeda v\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00f3p \u00fd kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn trong nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft. Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 B\u00edch Kh\u00ea n\u0103m 2018, t\u00f4i nghe m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u201cPh\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u s\u00e1t v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i th\u00eam, n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c!\u201d theo b\u00e0, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft g\u00ec th\u00ec ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3?<\/i><\/p>\n T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c D\u01b0\u01a1ng Nghi\u1ec5m M\u1eadu. T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb D\u01b0\u01a1ng Nghi\u1ec5m M\u1eadu v\u00e0o T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n V\u0103n H\u1ecdc B\u1ed9 M\u1edbi, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Hu\u1ec7 Chi, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t m\u1eebng.<\/p>\n B\u00e0i ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng Nghi\u1ec5m M\u1eadu, t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t k\u1ef9. Sau b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i T\u1ebft, anh M\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eedi email cho t\u00f4i, r\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 S\u00e0i g\u00f2n u\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u1edbi anh, t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u: T\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc em v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/i>, v\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i \u0111ang b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong 20 n\u0103m (t\u1eeb 1997 \u0111\u1ebfn 2017). \u0110\u1ebfn khi t\u00f4i h\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m, th\u00ec anh M\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n C\u00e2u: \u201cPh\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u s\u00e1t v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i th\u00eam, n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c!\u201d <\/i>\u0111\u00fang trong chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng mu\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i \u201cph\u00ea b\u00ecnh\u201d h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t, t\u00e1n h\u01b0\u01a1u t\u00e1n v\u01b0\u1ee3n, nh\u01b0ng h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i v\u00e0 thi\u1ec3n c\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00f3c quan s\u00e1t, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1eef nghi\u00e3 v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00f3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1eddi hay, \u00fd \u0111\u1eb9p cho v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u1edf trong v\u00f2ng ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, <\/i>ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh <\/i>kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/i><\/p>\n <\/i><\/p>\n 5. C\u00f3 hai giai tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 b\u00e0 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i v\u1eabn nh\u1edb, 1: v\u1ec1 Mai Th\u1ea3o, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n b\u00e0 n\u00e9 m\u1eb7t, c\u00f3 g\u1eb7p c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n, m\u00e3i sau n\u00e0y b\u1ecb d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp th\u00ec b\u00e0 m\u1edbi ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ebfn, 2: B\u00e0 vi\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i L\u00ea B\u00e1 \u0110\u1ea3ng H\u1ed3i H\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn nghe \u00f4ng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, th\u1ea5y ngang ph\u00e8, n\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean t\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean k\u00ednh nhi vi\u1ec5n chi. V\u1edbi L\u00ea B\u00e1 \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u00ec s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c tranh k\u00fd danh Lebadang treo \u1edf s\u1ea3nh t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 Trump Tower, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ebf c\u00f2n Mai Th\u1ea3o?<\/i><\/p>\n N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean trang gi\u1ea5y n\u00e0y ch\u00fat k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m gi\u1eefa Th\u1ee5y Khu\u00ea v\u1edbi nh\u1ea1c s\u1ef9 Ph\u1ea1m Duy, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ph\u1ea1m Duy Khi\u00eam- nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0169, ng\u01b0\u1eddi em c\u00e1ch tr\u1edf ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi?<\/i><\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng \u201cgiai tho\u1ea1i\u201d m\u00e0 Tru Sa nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 t\u00f4i, c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 c\u1ea7n xem l\u1ea1i, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang l\u1eafm:<\/p>\n – V\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Mai Th\u1ea3o, ban \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm g\u1eb7p \u00f4ng, v\u00ec r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1i xin l\u00e0m quen ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m, Mai Th\u1ea3o t\u1eeb M\u1ef9 sang Paris v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu, \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf nh\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Thanh Hi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi l\u1eadp nh\u00f3m S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, n\u0103m 1956. Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Hi\u1ec7p quen th\u00e2n v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u201cgi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u\u201d ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1edbi Mai Th\u1ea3o qua m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa c\u01a1m \u1edf nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n – C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 h\u1ecda s\u0129 L\u00ea B\u00e1 \u0110\u1ea3ng, Tru Sa nh\u1edb l\u1ea7m th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng: t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c t\u00e0i L\u00ea B\u00e1 \u0110\u1ea3ng, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1984, khi nh\u00ecn t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng treo trong s\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Tour Trump <\/i>l\u00e0 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf New York. Sau t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe \u00f4ng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n \u1edf Paris v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng n\u00f3i ngang ph\u00e8. \u0110\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 1990, h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n cho b\u00e1o H\u1ee3p L\u01b0u c\u1ee7a Kh\u00e1nh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u00f4i quen \u00f4ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n – Nh\u1ea1c s\u1ef9 Ph\u1ea1m Duy c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m t\u00f4i, kho\u1ea3ng 1988, 1989. S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: T\u00f4i l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1 hi\u1ebfm, l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i t\u1ed1t, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0n anh y\u00eau qu\u00fd l\u1eafm. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean \u01a1n h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p v\u0103n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong 18 n\u0103m t\u00f4i ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh V\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0i RFI.<\/p>\n – D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o \u1edf g\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft cho b\u00e1o V\u0103n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc 75, \u00f4ng t\u1eeb Paris g\u1eedi b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hay b\u00e0n c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef n\u00e0y ch\u1eef kia sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Anh \u0110\u1ea1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam, r\u1ea5t gh\u00e9t c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 b\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1eafc, s\u1eeda ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft theo ki\u1ec3u Nam b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a anh ra ti\u1ebfng B\u1eafc, anh g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n B\u1eafc k\u1ef3. Anh c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi anh d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec7n La Chute<\/i> (Sa \u0111\u1ecda) c\u1ee7a Albert Camus sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, anh ph\u1ea3i \u0111i Amsterdam xem cho r\u00f5 \u201ckh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed\u201d c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n – Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ph\u1ea1m Duy Khi\u00eam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i, t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng quen \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1974 \u1edf Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n – Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Tr\u1ea7n V\u0169 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4i th\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t khi V\u0169 c\u00f2n \u1edf Paris c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n c\u01a1m t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7, c\u00e3i nhau \u0111\u1ebfn khuya m\u1edbi tan h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n 6. V\u0103n H\u1ecdc H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y c\u1ee7a V\u0103n H\u1ecdc Mi\u1ec1n Nam, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng r\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t quang, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1, c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u1edf H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i, theo b\u00e0, d\u00f2ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u1ea7m b\u00fat sau n\u00e0y \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1eafp b\u1ed3i?<\/i><\/p>\n T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u201cV\u0103n H\u1ecdc H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y c\u1ee7a V\u0103n H\u1ecdc Mi\u1ec1n Nam\u201d,<\/i> m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi di t\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Hai d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng chung \u00fd ngh\u0129 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n D\u00f2ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd. N\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u00ec ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, Nam B\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eabn nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 Internet th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft facebook. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n M\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c, V\u00f5 \u0110\u00ecnh,… \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, ch\u1eafc Tru Sa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ai. Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 in<\/i> nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a hai n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec1n Nam<\/i> v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, <\/i>th\u00ec may ra \u201cth\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u1ea7m b\u00fat sau n\u00e0y \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i <\/i>[m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3] l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1eafp b\u1ed3i\u201d.<\/i> \u0110\u00e3 tr\u1ec5 qu\u00e1 r\u1ed3i ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n 7. \u1ede \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 sau, v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ea5n m\u00e3i m\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf th\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, l\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ai \u0111\u00f3 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ai \u0111\u00f3 m\u00ecnh th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ngu\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i, t\u00e0n vong kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i. Ngo\u00e1i v\u1ec1 sau l\u1eafm khi ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c t\u00e0n d\u01b0 tr\u00ean n\u00fai m\u1ed9, v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f2n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i danh th\u00ec th\u00eam m\u1ed9 h\u1ed3n. C\u00f3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o b\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1edbc ra nh\u1eefng m\u1ed9 h\u1ed3n t\u1eebng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi g\u1eafn b\u00f3, th\u00ec th\u1ea7m g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/i><\/p>\n Tru Sa n\u00f3i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e1. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ai c\u0169ng ngo\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u201cv\u1ec1 sau\u201d. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i gi\u1edd, m\u00ecnh \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u201cngo\u00e1i l\u1ea1i\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, nhi\u1ec1u khi m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n ra. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 g\u1ee3i cho ta c\u00e1nh ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean h\u1ed3 G\u01b0\u01a1m. Khi pha n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eafm c\u0169ng l\u00e0m ta nh\u1edb c\u00e1ch pha c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9… L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u0103n kh\u00e1c, s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m. V\u00ec vi\u1ebft ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, n\u00ean t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb hay t\u1ef1 \u201ctr\u1ea7m m\u00ecnh\u201d v\u00e0o c\u00f5i x\u01b0a, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u201cm\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi\u201d nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a Tru Sa, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n 8- B\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00e0o nh\u1eafn g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang xu\u00e2n tr\u1ebb, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7m b\u00fat?<\/i><\/p>\n T\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb mu\u1ed1n \u0111i v\u00e0o nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7m b\u00fat: ngo\u00e0i t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh: th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt<\/i> v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u00e1i<\/i>.<\/i><\/p>\n Tru Sa<\/strong><\/p>\n Y\u00ean C\u01a1, Les Issambres, ng\u00e0y 27-10-2025<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u201cV\u0103n H\u1ecdc H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y c\u1ee7a V\u0103n H\u1ecdc Mi\u1ec1n Nam\u201d, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi di t\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Hai d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, t\u00e2m s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng chung \u00fd ngh\u0129 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1918,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[133],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-104950","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-phong-van"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104950","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1918"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=104950"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104950\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":104951,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104950\/revisions\/104951"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=104950"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=104950"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=104950"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}