{"id":103608,"date":"2025-07-11T07:15:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-11T07:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damau.org\/?p=103608"},"modified":"2025-07-11T19:11:08","modified_gmt":"2025-07-11T19:11:08","slug":"lich-su-truyen-gio-v-chu-quoc-ngu-chuong-11-v-huynh-tinh-cua-v-gia-dinh-bo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/103608\/lich-su-truyen-gio-v-chu-quoc-ngu-chuong-11-v-huynh-tinh-cua-v-gia-dinh-bo","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n giáo và ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef – Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 11.V – Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a và Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh Báo"},"content":{"rendered":"

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L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef<\/em> <\/h1>\n

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Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 11<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd (1837-1898)<\/h2>\n

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V- Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a v\u00e0 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/b><\/p>\n

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\"Hu\u1ef3nh<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a (1830-1908)<\/p>\n

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Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c de la Grandi\u00e8re quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng hai \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n

– Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc d\u1ea1y qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u1edf Nam k\u1ef3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 16-7-1864<\/b>.<\/p>\n

– Ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o, <\/i>t\u1edd b\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ng\u00e0y 15-4-1865<\/b>.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i>, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, trong hai n\u0103m 1867, 1868, qua nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tri \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i>. Xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, th\u00e1ng 6-1867, de la Grandi\u00e8re \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm n\u1ed1t ba t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y: V\u0129nh Long, Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ed1c, H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

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T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thi b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef t\u1ea1i Nam K\u1ef3<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u00abQuan L\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1\u00bb g\u1eedi cho \u00abQuan Nguy\u00ean So\u00e1i\u00bb v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thi c\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 Annam[1]<\/a>, th\u00e1ng 1-1868, nguy\u00ean v\u0103n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00abQuan L\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 vi\u1ebft th\u01a1 cho quan Nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 Annam.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00abTrong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i ba t\u1ec9nh c\u0169 <\/i>[Bi\u00ean Ho\u00e0, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u01b0\u1eddng], th\u00ec c\u00f3 ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2<\/i> cho ph\u00e9p thi theo l\u1ec7 quan th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i <\/i>[1867] t\u00ednh h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y th\u00ec c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n b\u1ea9y m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2; R\u00e0y c\u00f3 n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y, th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n ba tr\u0103m<\/i> h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i trong ba t\u1ec9nh m\u1edbi, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i V\u0129nh-long, Ch\u00e2u-\u0111\u1ed1c, H\u00e0-ti\u00ean, R\u1ea1ch-gi\u00e1, Tr\u00e0-vinh, B\u1ebfn-tre, \u0111\u1ebfn sau c\u00f2n s\u1ebd l\u1eadp n\u1eefa.<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u00e0i cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p thi, th\u00ec kh\u00e1, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t, song le v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n th\u00ec gi\u1ecfi, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh theo l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, cho n\u00ean m\u00e0 s\u1eafp b\u00e0i theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, th\u00ec c\u00e1c quan h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 coi thi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n.<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i ti\u1ebfng Langsa m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng G\u00f2 C\u00f4ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ee7- \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn sau quan th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 tr\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2, th\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i thi m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u quan th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0m v\u1eady th\u00ec l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfng Langsa s\u1ebd th\u1ea5u trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/i><\/p>\n

Quan th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 g\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <\/i>[tr\u00fang] thi cho quan Nguy\u00ean So\u00e1i coi m\u00e0 xin cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eadu th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t, th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u0103m quan ti\u1ec1n; thi \u0111\u1eadu th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba quan; thi \u0111\u1eadu th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai quan, th\u00ec quan Nguy\u00ean So\u00e1i \u01b0ng \u00fd quan th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 xin.<\/i>\u00bb <\/i><\/p>\n

Quan Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 <\/i>k\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u01b0 \u00abri\u00eang\u00bb, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng in v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5, <\/i>m\u00e0 in v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i>. \u00abQuan L\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1\u00bb t\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c N\u1ed9i V\u1ee5 <\/i>(Directeur de L’Int\u00e9rieur) Paulin Vial, c\u00f2n \u00abQuan Nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i\u00bb, hay Th\u1ed1ng s\u1ee9, <\/i>l\u00e0 <\/i>Thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1edbng (Vice Amiral) de la Grandi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

L\u00e1 th\u01b0 n\u00e0y cho bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi c\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, n\u0103m 1867, 1868, \u1edf trong Nam, sau ba n\u0103m de la Grandi\u00e8re ra l\u1ec7nh m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef t\u1ea1i Nam K\u1ef3 (1864).<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u0103m nay <\/b>(1868) trong ba t\u1ec9nh c\u0169 [Bi\u00ean Ho\u00e0, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u01b0\u1eddng] c\u00f3 96 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 <\/b>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00abcho ph\u00e9p thi theo l\u1ec7 quan th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y\u00bb.<\/i> Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i tr\u00fang tuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7 l\u00ean quan Nguy\u00ean So\u00e1i duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m h\u1ea1ng, l\u00e3nh th\u01b0\u1edfng. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ec9nh b\u1ecb de la Grandi\u00e8re chi\u1ebfm k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 6-1867: V\u0129nh Long, Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ed1c, H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1, Tr\u00e0 Vinh, B\u1ebfn Tre, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i <\/b>(1867), c\u00f3 49 tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b> [ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc] v\u1edbi 1074 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2.<\/b> <\/b><\/p>\n

N\u0103m nay <\/b>(1868) c\u00f3 56 tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b> v\u1edbi 1300 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2<\/b>. <\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng G\u00f2-c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Th\u1ee7-\u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 thi trong m\u1ea5y n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm mi\u1ec1n Nam, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean <\/i>(b\u1eb1ng S\u01a1 h\u1ecdc hay Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc?), v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 thi tuy\u1ec3n, do \u00abQuan L\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u00bb t\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c N\u1ed9i V\u1ee5<\/i> ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

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Th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 thi tuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0m th\u00e0y d\u1ea1y qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> ng\u00e0y 1-6-1869 (s\u1ed1 3), m\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> \u0111\u0103ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 cu\u1ed9c thi l\u00e0m th\u00e0y d\u1ea1y qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u00e0y d\u1ea1y h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ee9t<\/i><\/b>: H\u1ea1ch vi\u1ebft: B\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc Langsa, b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc Annam vi\u1ebft ra ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef; vi\u1ebft th\u00eam m\u1ed9t hai h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00e0y. H\u1ea1ch n\u00f3i: B\u1ed1n ph\u00e9p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t trong ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n- Ph\u00e9p nh\u01a1n trung tr\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c l\u1eddi h\u1ecfi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p \u1ea5y, d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p \u1ea5y m\u00e0 to\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n l\u1eddi <\/i>[?] – C\u1ed9i r\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p \u0111o- Ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ed5ng <\/i>[?] th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5c m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5c c\u1ea3 ru\u1ed9t v\u1ecf. – C\u1ed9i r\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p \u0111o \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u1ed9i r\u1ec5 m\u1eb9o lu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfng Langsa.- D\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Annam ra ti\u1ebfng Langsa v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Langsa ra ti\u1ebfng Annam.- C\u1ed9i r\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed3.- Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gian.<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

Th\u00e0y d\u1ea1y nh\u00ec h\u1ea1ng: <\/i><\/b>Thi vi\u1ebft: B\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc Annam vi\u1ebft ra ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef.- Tu\u1ed3ng ch\u1eef.- D\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Annam ra Langsa v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Langsa ra ti\u1ebfng Annam. Thi mi\u1ec7ng: B\u1ed1n ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7u trong to\u00e1n, gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecfi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh \u1ea5y.<\/i><\/p>\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1-7-1869, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 t\u1edbi thi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y d\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i theo quy lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng thi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y. Th\u00e0y d\u1ea1y h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ee9t l\u01b0\u01a1ng 600 quan m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. Th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y h\u00e0ng nh\u00ec, l\u01b0\u01a1ng 360 quan m\u1ed9t n\u0103m.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y do quan Nguy\u00ean So\u00e1i k\u00fd ng\u00e0y 22-4-1869. <\/i>Quan Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 tu\u00e2n theo.<\/i><\/p>\n

Quan Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1, n\u0103m 1869, l\u00e0 L. Laugier<\/i>, <\/i>Quan Nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i l\u00e0 Thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1edbng (Vice Amiral) Ohier.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh thi tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y: th\u00e0y d\u1ea1y qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft d\u1ea1y c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p <\/i>(v\u00e0 to\u00e1n) n\u1eefa. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

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T\u1edd b\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean: Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i><\/p>\n

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Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1eef N\u00f4m v\u1edbi ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, kh\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nho s\u0129<\/i>, l\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i m\u00f9 ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean nho h\u1ecdc<\/i>. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i de la Grandi\u00e8re ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef<\/i> b\u1eb1ng hai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean:<\/p>\n

1- M\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 16-7-1864<\/b>.<\/i><\/p>\n

2- Cho in t\u1edd b\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean: Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i>, s\u1ed1 1 ra ng\u00e0y 15-4-1865<\/b>.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb khi ra \u0111\u1eddi, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c <\/i>nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, do Nha N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. L\u00e0 t\u1edd b\u00e1o gi\u1ea5y, ng\u1eafn l\u00e0 2 trang, d\u00e0i 16 trang. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u ra h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng, sau ra h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n, r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng 2 l\u1ea7n, sau tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng, t\u00f9y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Nha N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1edd C\u00f4ng b\u00e1o<\/i><\/b>, <\/i>g\u1ed3m <\/i>c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n

– Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5, <\/i><\/b>in t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tin t\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c-<\/i><\/b> th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 quan Nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i<\/i><\/b>– ban h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 quan Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1<\/i><\/b> \u2013<\/i>t\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i v\u1ee5- <\/i>ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tri kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Nam K\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft<\/i> v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo<\/i>. <\/p>\n

– Ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5, <\/i><\/b>in nh\u1eefng m\u1ea9u tin th\u00e2u l\u01b0\u1ee3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 tai n\u1ea1n, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee5t, tin gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u1ebft c\u1ecdp, vv… ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ng\u1eafn, nh\u01b0ng khi\u1ebfn b\u00e1o b\u1edbt kh\u00f4 khan, d\u1ec5 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh \u1edf ph\u1ea7n T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> n\u00e0y, trong ba n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i>, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u00fang nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chia hai: C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> v\u00e0 T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c m\u1edbi (nh\u01b0: Gi\u00e1 Ch\u1ee3, Chuy\u1ec7n g\u00f3p, L\u1eddi rao…<\/i>) h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, n\u00ean khi Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c Ch\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i (t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 24-9-1869), Nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i Ohier ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n chia C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> v\u00e0 T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5. <\/i>Nh\u01b0ng <\/i>c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, <\/i>ph\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5n \u00e1t ph\u1ea7n T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i>, v\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng, t\u1edd b\u00e1o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i>, ch\u1ec9 in nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng t\u01b0, ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ebf m\u00e1, \u0111\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec1n, vv… c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1880 tr\u1edf \u0111i, in c\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0n c\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ea3n H\u1ea1t, r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4 khan.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 khi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i>, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd, T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd, v\u00e0 g\u00e1n cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong t\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 cho Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt; th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o <\/i>c\u1ee7a <\/i>Wikip\u00e9dia ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t ng\u00e0y nay, ghi r\u1eb1ng: Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o <\/i>do Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd v\u00e0 Ernest Potteaux s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp, l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sai.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, n\u1ed9i dung Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> trong 44 n\u0103m hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1edd C\u00f4ng b\u00e1o, do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba l\u1eadp ra, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean So\u00e1i (Th\u1ed1ng s\u1ee9) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a So\u00e1i ph\u1ee7<\/b>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1edd b\u00e1o (t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i) c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y, l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, sang ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 cho d\u00e2n Nam k\u1ef3. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i qua Nha N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5<\/i> ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi in.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i><\/b> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u0103n ho\u00e1, bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o, s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c <\/b>nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 t\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 g\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd, d\u00f9 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i trong kho\u1ea3ng ba n\u0103m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan tr\u1ecdng trong t\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p: Ernest Potteaux.<\/p>\n

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T\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> s\u1ed1 1, ra \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0y 15-4-1865, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Trung t\u01b0\u1edbng Roze thay th\u1ebf Trung t\u01b0\u1edbng de la Grandi\u00e8re khi \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p ngh\u1ec9 s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng (t\u1eeb 1-4-1865 \u0111\u1ebfn 30-10-1865). V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> do Roze ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, do de la Grandi\u00e8re \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p.<\/i><\/p>\n

Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nay c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c h\u1eb3n, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 t\u1edd b\u00e1o l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1869, khi Nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i Ohier k\u00fd ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh cho Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i (l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, Laugier l\u00e0m Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1), <\/i>ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o ng\u00e0y 24-9-1869, trong ph\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5, <\/i>ta m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5. <\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean v\u0103n ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh Ohier, in tr\u00ean b\u00e1o, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

\u00abL\u1eddi ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1t \u00f4ng P.Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd l\u00ean l\u00e0m Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i, cho \u0103n l\u1ed9c 3000.<\/i><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng thu\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c binh d\u00e2n, c\u1ee9 theo l\u1eddi quan L\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 b\u1ea3o c\u1eed.<\/i><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ecbnh<\/i><\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y nay vi th\u1ec9 <\/i>[vi thu\u1ef7, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u], th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1ef1t tr\u00ecnh Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o s\u1ebd ph\u00fa cho \u00f4ng P. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd coi qu\u1ea3n l\u1ea5y; l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9c Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i th\u00ec \u0103n l\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t n\u0103m l\u00e0 3000.<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u1edd b\u00e1o \u1ea5y c\u0169ng m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea1y. S\u1ebd chia ra l\u00e0m hai ph\u1ea7n: M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 ,th\u00ec v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c quan, t\u1edd th\u1ecb, l\u1eddi ngh\u1ecb c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ra. C\u00e1c l\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00fa Lang Sa m\u00e0 L\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd giao cho \u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Annam m\u00e0 \u0111em v\u00f4. C\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kia T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5 th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n trong truy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 \u00edch, ho\u1eb7c vui m\u00e0 hay v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c phong ho\u00e1 c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecdc, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho d\u00e2n b\u1ed5n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m hay l\u00e0m c\u1ea7n m\u00e0 coi.<\/i><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n \u1ea5y, th\u00ec s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y cho L\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hay tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi in ra.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ph\u00fa cho quan Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 ph\u1ea3i lo m\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n theo t\u1edd \u0111\u1ecbnh <\/b>n\u00e0y, ph\u00e1t ra v\u00e0 \u0111em v\u00f4 c\u00e1c s\u1edf quy\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft.<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Saigon ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng septembre, n\u0103m 1869.<\/i><\/p>\n

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Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 k\u00fd Nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i k\u00fd<\/i><\/p>\n

L. Laugier G. Ohier<\/i><\/p>\n

V\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean do Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd d\u1ecbch, v\u00ec l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i, l\u1eddi v\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5y \u00fd ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/i> <\/b>[ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh] c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng s\u1ee9, th\u1eddi \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i. <\/i><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh: T\u1eeb nay, ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i t\u1edd b\u00e1o s\u1ebd do Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m, l\u01b0\u01a1ng 3000 quan m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. B\u00e1o ra h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n. Chia l\u00e0m hai ph\u1ea7n: Ph\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i>, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, Nha N\u1ed9i V\u1ee5 giao cho \u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd d\u1ecbch sang ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 in tr\u00ean b\u00e1o. C\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ed5 \u00edch, ho\u1eb7c gi\u00fap vui, v\u1ec1 phong h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 cho d\u00e2n hay<\/i>. B\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a Nha N\u1ed9i V\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi in.<\/p>\n

Qua T\u1edd \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/i> n\u00e0y, ta th\u1ea5y n\u1ed9i dung Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 ra t\u1eeb h\u01a1n ba n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m: t\u1eeb nay b\u00e1o ra h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n<\/i>. [Th\u1ef1c ra b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ra h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4-1869].<\/b> V\u1eady Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o v\u1eabn c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i><\/b> v\u00e0 T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5.<\/i><\/b> V\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi th\u00eam nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u00abd\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc\u00bb trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, v\u00e0 \u00abd\u1ea1y d\u00e2n\u00bb. <\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng 3000 \u0111\u1ed3ng quan Ph\u00e1p<\/i>, l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat, n\u1ebfu c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng 9000 \u0111\u1ed3ng quan, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd l\u00e3nh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, cho nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00f4ng l\u00ean t\u1edbi 12.000 quan. (Theo Paulin Vial: l\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh thu\u1ef7 vi\u1ec5n chinh th\u1eddi \u1ea5y, t\u1eeb 24 \u0111\u1ebfn 36 quan m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng).<\/p>\n

Ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi T\u1edd \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/i> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i>, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/i> c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd in tr\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i>,<\/b> nh\u01b0 sau:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00dd nh\u1ef1t tr\u00ecnh Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u00fd n\u00e0o; c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u00e0m sao; khuy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mua m\u00e0 coi v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch mua th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/i><\/p>\n

Quan Nguy\u00ean So\u00e1i bi\u1ebft d\u00e2n An nam c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khi l\u1ea7m, v\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 l\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i, v\u00e0 \u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3i chi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh t\u1ec7, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y in nh\u1ef1t tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea7y ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng d\u00e2n hi\u1ec3u \u00fd nhau. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef th\u00ec tr\u1ec5 n\u1ea3i, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1ef1t tr\u00ecnh cho h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 hay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng nghe, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 khi ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec3u cho r\u00f5, k\u1ebb hay ch\u1eef th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng hay c\u1eaft nghi\u00e3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft v\u1edbi, quan Nguy\u00ean So\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m v\u1eady n\u1eefa, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fa cho ta vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1ef1t tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y k\u1ebbo ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1eb7ng r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft trong nh\u1ef1t tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00edch.<\/i><\/p>\n

Nh\u1ef1t tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 \u00edch cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec trong \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, l\u1ecbnh quan Nguy\u00ean So\u00e1i d\u1ea1y, \u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 sau l\u00e0m sao c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m; Trong \u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c tin v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, vv…<\/i>\u00bb<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c <\/i>c\u1ee7a t\u1edd b\u00e1o m\u00e0 quan Nguy\u00ean So\u00e1i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u00fd c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean So\u00e1i v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef<\/i><\/b>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ecdc [b\u00e1o] cho h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 nghe, cho d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u, vv…<\/p>\n

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Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd trong Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/b><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Chi, trong b\u00e0i Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o[3]<\/b><\/a><\/i>, vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean Internet, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean Wikip\u00e9dia ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai \u0111i\u1ec3m sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

1- Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i>: <\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n v\u0103n Chi vi\u1ebft: \u00abSau khi Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd (TVK) tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1865, Ph\u00f3 \u0110\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed1c Pierre-Gustave Roze, khi \u1ea5y \u0111ang t\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c Nam K\u1ef3, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi \u00f4ng ra l\u00e0m quan, Petrus K\u00fd t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i v\u00e0 v\u00e0 xin l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef mang t\u00ean l\u00e0 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/b>. L\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ph\u00e9p xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1865, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i k\u00fd cho \u00f4ng m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i k\u00fd cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ernest Potteaux,<\/b> m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i So\u00e1i ph\u1ee7 Nam k\u1ef3. V\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1869 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f3 \u0110\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed1c Marie-Gustave Hector Ohier giao Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o cho<\/b> Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd l\u00e0m <\/b><\/i>\u00abch\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i<\/i>\u00bb<\/b> (ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p: r\u00e9dacteur en chef) nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c; Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat<\/b>.<\/i>[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n tr\u00ean c\u00f3 ba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

– Vi\u1ec7c Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00abPh\u00f3 \u0110\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed1c Pierre-Gustave Roze, quy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c Nam K\u1ef3, m\u1eddi ra l\u00e0m quan, Petrus K\u00fd t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i v\u00e0 v\u00e0 xin l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef mang t\u00ean l\u00e0 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i>\u00bb <\/i>kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ghi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. M\u00e0 nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ra b\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c Nam K\u1ef3, de la Grandi\u00e8re. (Xem k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc)<\/p>\n

– C\u00e2u ti\u1ebfp theo: \u00abRoze ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn cho ra b\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i k\u00fd gi\u1ea5y cho Ernest Potteaux m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd cho Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd<\/i>\u00bb c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ph\u00e9p ra b\u00e1o ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1865<\/b>, <\/i>k\u00fd cho Ernest Potteaux, <\/b>c\u0169ng <\/i>l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, <\/i>b\u1edfi v\u00ec Ernest Potteaux l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1[5]<\/a>, v\u00e0 t\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c N\u1ed9i V\u1ee5, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u00abquan Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1\u00bb. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 giao cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 b\u00e1o [\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean].<\/p>\n

– C\u00e2u: <\/i>\u00abOhier giao Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o cho Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd l\u00e0m <\/i>\u00abch\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i<\/i>\u00bb, Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat<\/i>\u00bb c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sai. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, trong Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ohier, in tr\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> ng\u00e0y 24-9-1869, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00ean Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 b\u00fat.<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y, khi \u0111\u1ecdc Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i>: Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a (k\u00fd b\u00fat hi\u1ec7u P. C\u1ee7a<\/i> hay Paulus C\u1ee7a<\/i>) c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u, khi E. <\/i>Potteaux \u0111i\u1ec1u <\/i>khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng g\u1eedi b\u00e0i cho Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o,<\/i> t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 11-1867, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n hai n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

2 \u2013 Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u00abtruy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt\u00bb c\u1ee7a Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i>:<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Chi vi\u1ebft: \u00abT\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m Ch\u00e1nh T\u1ed5ng T\u00e0i t\u1edd Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o (16-09-1869) Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt <\/b>v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u00fap \u00f4ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng k\u00fd t\u1ef1 La tinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Richard Cortambert ngay t\u1eeb chuy\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng du sang Ph\u00e1p<\/b>.<\/i>\u00bb<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00abTr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng, Paulus Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd, n\u1ed9i dung t\u1edd b\u00e1o th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n phong ph\u00fa: c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u, ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn, c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef ca dao, thi ca v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 t\u00edch<\/i><\/b>…\u00bb[6]<\/b><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng sai, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt<\/i> v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c,<\/i> n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u, khi E. Potteaux \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o, <\/i>t\u1eeb 1865 \u0111\u1ebfn 1869, qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft trong m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i>. T\u1eeb khi Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd l\u00ean l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i, 1869 \u0111\u1ebfn1871 (?) Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i>, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u1eefa, t\u1edd b\u00e1o thi\u1ebfu b\u00e0i tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Ri\u00eang c\u00e2u: <\/i>\u00abTh\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng k\u00fd t\u1ef1 La tinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng <\/i>[Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd] th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Richard Cortambert ngay t\u1eeb chuy\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng du sang Ph\u00e1p<\/i>\u00bb,<\/i> ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sai, trong k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Xin nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng: kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u00abc\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c\u00bb c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd v\u1edbi Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd v\u00e0 T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u00abban bi\u00ean t\u1eadp\u00bb vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u00abb\u00e0i kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb\u00bb. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

– Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a<\/b> vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u, k\u00fd t\u00ean P. C\u1ee7a hay Paulus C\u1ee7a, trong m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i>, khi E. Potteaux<\/i> \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1edd b\u00e1o, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng g\u1eedi b\u00e0i t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 11-1867, g\u1ea7n hai n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd v\u00e0o l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd<\/b>, h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m sau Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd m\u1edbi v\u00e0o Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> v\u00e0 k\u00fd t\u00ean Di\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, <\/i>trong <\/i>m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5, <\/i>t\u1eeb 1883 \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 1990 (kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 n\u0103m, v\u00ec s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Gallica kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7); nh\u01b0ng \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n l\u1eafm, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i>. <\/i>Th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd, k\u00fd t\u00ean \u00abDi\u1ec5n ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef<\/i>\u00bb d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ng\u1eafn trong m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i>, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9c g\u00ec? \u00d4ng d\u1ecbch sang qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft m\u00e0 \u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean, hay \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa? Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4n \u00f4ng l\u00ean l\u00e0m \u00abch\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i\u00bb, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i t\u1edd b\u00e1o v\u1eabn ghi t\u00ean E. Potteaux, <\/i>n\u00ean ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: E. Potteaux, v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o, d\u00f9 b\u00e1o c\u00f3 \u00abch\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i\u00bb hay \u00abng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef\u00bb, Potteaux v\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda sau.<\/p>\n

– T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1ea1p b\u00fat t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 V\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y trung thu<\/i>, vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u \u0103n T\u1ebft trung thu, k\u00fd Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2n B\u00ecnh T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng<\/i> tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ra ng\u00e0y 24-9-1869, ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i. T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ebft lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i s\u1eed \u00abS\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi vua trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Annam\u00bb<\/i> in tr\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 1-6-1869 (s\u1ed1 12), kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 15-4-1871 (s\u1ed1 7), m\u1edbi k\u00fd t\u00ean: S\u00e0i g\u00f2n \u0110\u1ed1c ph\u1ee7 s\u1ee9, T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 ba \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n ghi l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

1- Ernest Potteaux<\/b> l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i>, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n ghi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 K\u1ebb l\u00e0m nh\u1ef1t tr\u00ecnh. <\/i>Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y (1865-1869), b\u00e1o ra h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng, l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u00absung m\u00e3n\u00bb nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec Paulus C\u1ee7a<\/b> vi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u1ea7n T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i>, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 khai b\u00fat nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/i> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1866: A. Burnel, Ph\u1ee5ng, Michel Minh, Joannes Li\u1ec7u, Paul Th\u1edbi, Ph\u1ee7 Ca, Thomas Nh\u1ecb, Ph\u1ee7 Ba-T\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1867: G.A Robert, A.Guisard, Chung.T\u00e2n Petrus, Thomas Sanh, Alamel,<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1868: P. Th\u1edbi, Minh, Gueldre, Maynadi\u00e9, th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n; Alamel, Michel Minh.<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1869: Aldricus lottin de la Peichardi\u00e8re,<\/i> C\u00f9ng, T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/i><\/p>\n

2- Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd<\/b> l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o ra ng\u00e0y 24-9-1869, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ra b\u00e1o h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n. <\/i>Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ra h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4-1869. V\u00e0 v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau, b\u00e1o tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng. \u00d4ng ghi ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u00e1o: Ch\u00e1nh<\/i> T\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd. <\/i>M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eefa c\u0169ng ghi ch\u1ee9c Ch\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i, <\/i>l\u00e0 J. Bonet.<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1870, trong ba th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u (1, 2 v\u00e0 3), c\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n sau \u0111\u00e2y: \u0110\u1ed7 H\u1eefu Th\u00e2n<\/i>, J.B.Tr\u00e0ng<\/i>, Kim<\/i>, Michel Minh<\/i>, P. Vi\u00ean<\/i>, Thaddeus M\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i>, Nguy\u1ec5n Nghi Vinh<\/i>, Montpellier, Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1ef1t C\u01b0\u1eddng<\/i>; Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ninh<\/i>; D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n L\u1eafm<\/i>, B\u00ecnh<\/i>; Thi\u1ec7n<\/i>, \u0110\u1ed7 H\u1eefu Th\u00e2n<\/i>; Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Kim, Andreas Minh<\/i>, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n \u0110\u00ea<\/i>; \u0110\u1ed7 \u0110\u0103ng V\u1ecb<\/i>, B\u00ecnh<\/i>; Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Gi\u1ea3<\/i>, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u1eadn,<\/i> Antoine H\u1ea1nh, Vua Ng\u1ecda Tri\u1ec1u<\/i>. <\/p>\n

Sang \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 4-1870, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ai g\u1eedi b\u00e0i n\u1eefa. N\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi tr\u00ean b\u00e1o, s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 8-4-1870 (s\u1ed1 11); \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 24-4-1870 (s\u1ed1 13) m\u1edbi c\u00f3 b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp v\u00e0 k\u00fd l\u1ee5c sau \u0111\u00e2y: L\u00ea V\u0103n T\u00e0u<\/i>, \u0110\u1ed7 \u0110\u0103ng V\u1ecb<\/i>, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n M\u1ea1nh<\/i>, \u0110\u1eb7ng V\u0103n Quy\u1ec1n<\/i>, Vincent Vinh<\/i>, Thomas Sanh, L\u00ea T\u1ea5n \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/i>, Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n H\u1eefu<\/i>, Paulus Oai<\/i>, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u1edbi.<\/i> Tuy v\u1eady, t\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 15-9-1870 (s\u1ed1 27), m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng b\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 ra hai l\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

3- Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd<\/b> c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n: ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> n\u0103m 1883 (14 n\u0103m, sau Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd), trong m\u1ea3ng T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i>, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thu g\u1ecdn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean: Di\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef: Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd. <\/i>Ch\u1eef <\/i>k\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi t\u00ean E. Potteaux, \u1edf cu\u1ed1i t\u1edd b\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n ra qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef<\/i> b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft m\u00e0 \u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean. Ernest Potteaux m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1edd b\u00e1o. Ngo\u00e0i ra, <\/i>kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u00ean ai kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m tr\u1ee3 t\u00e1. Nhi\u1ec1u khi kh\u00f4ng ghi c\u1ea3 t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1edd b\u00e1o. <\/i><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 sau c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Gallia c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1edd c\u00f4ng b\u00e1o<\/i>, v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5, <\/i>\u0111\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n; <\/i>v\u1ec1 sau, \u0111\u0103ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ea3n H\u1ea1t. Nh\u1edd ph\u1ea7n T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i>, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Potteaux \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, Paulus C\u1ee7a vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u, m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea1p v\u0103n<\/i> hay t\u1ea1p b\u00fat<\/i>, k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea9y ra, ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u. <\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh trong ph\u1ea7n T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/i><\/p>\n

 <\/em><\/p>\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd<\/b><\/p>\n

Ta th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea1o ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef <\/i>t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, in n\u0103m 1866[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1eddng Penang [nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd, Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a] ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc Nam K\u1ef3, do Th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1c de la Grandi\u00e8re l\u1eadp ra t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1864.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho Ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m trao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft theo m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 La-tinh n\u00e0y. <\/i>Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef cho \u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3. <\/p>\n

Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd so\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 V\u0103n ph\u1ea1m<\/i> (Grammaire) m\u00e0 \u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y \u00abm\u1eb9o\u00bb ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, r\u1ed3i \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch T\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng<\/i> (Vocabulaire), v\u00e0 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m nh\u1eefng m\u1ea9u Chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0a, <\/i>ng\u1eafn, k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef cho tr\u1ebb con (hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn) t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ec7c phi\u00ean \u00e2m t\u1eeb ch\u1eef n\u00f4m sang ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 Ki\u1ec1u, L\u1ee5c V\u00e2n Ti\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang g\u00ec v\u1edbi Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef th\u1eddi \u1ea5y, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch V\u0103n ph\u1ea1m<\/i> v\u00e0 T\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng<\/i> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec1u vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p l\u1eabn ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, c\u1ed1t ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho hai lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c trong m\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i>, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 b\u00e0i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd, <\/b>\u00edt nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Gallica l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1867<\/b>, ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh hai cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd, t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1: Abr\u00e9g\u00e9 de grammaire annamite <\/i>(T\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m An Nam) v\u00e0 Contes annamites (Chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0a),<\/i> ta m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1n Chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0a, <\/i>s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n x\u01b0a, t\u00edch c\u0169, r\u1ed3i vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 \u00abs\u00e1ng t\u00e1c\u00bb. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd cho in t\u1eadp k\u00fd s\u1ef1 Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i ra B\u1eafc k\u1ef3 n\u0103m \u1ea4t H\u1ee3i (Voyage au Tonkin en 1876) <\/i>n\u0103m 1881<\/b>, ta m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i>, ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o,<\/i> ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5-1865.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

S\u01b0u t\u1eadp Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia Ph\u00e1p Gallica.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed qu\u1ed1c gia Gallica<\/i><\/b> <\/i>Ph\u00e1p <\/b>gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <\/b>nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ed1 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3ng v\u0103n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef in trong Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o <\/i>\u1edf <\/i>\u0111\u00e2y <\/i>c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t. <\/i>Hi\u1ec7n nay, ba s\u1ed1 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Gallica Ph\u00e1p, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 1-1866 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 12-1906, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 425 s\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 n\u0103m g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00f3 n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o, qua \u0111\u1ea5y, tuy ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i>, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay, vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung t\u1edd b\u00e1o v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, trong t\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

S\u01b0u t\u1eadp Gallica b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ng\u00e0y 1-1-1866, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean manchette t\u1edd b\u00e1o l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1: N\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai, s\u1ed1 1, Gi\u00e1ng sinh 1866, th\u00e1ng Janvier, ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m.<\/i> V\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> in d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef: T\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u00e0y m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng T\u00e2y c\u1ee9 ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m in ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/i>.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec s\u1ef1 ghi ch\u00e9p kh\u00e1 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y 1-1-1866, l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh cho ti\u1ec7n. Th\u00e1ng n\u00e0o b\u00e1o ra h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n, th\u00ec gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, s\u1ed1 1, s\u1ed1 2… ghi tr\u00ean manchette. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 khi th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1edbi s\u1ed1 15… hay s\u1ed1 52, th\u00ec con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfm t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m, v\u00e0 trong n\u0103m \u1ea5y, m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n b\u00e1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

S\u01b0u t\u1eadp Gallica gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 27 n\u0103m, v\u1edbi 425 s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o, tr\u00ean 44 n\u0103m b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ra (t\u1eeb 1866 \u0111\u1ebfn 1906). <\/p>\n

S\u01b0u t\u1eadp n\u00e0y thi\u1ebfu 14 n\u0103m: 1872, 1873, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1882, 1885, 1886, 1903, 1904, 1906.<\/p>\n

V\u00f5 Xu\u00e2n Qu\u00ea[8]<\/b><\/i><\/a> <\/i>cho bi\u1ebft: \u00abTheo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 L\u00ea Minh Qu\u1ed1c, Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef 197 s\u1ed1 G\u0110B in tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1882 (48 s\u1ed1), 1883 (45 s\u1ed1), 1884 (52 s\u1ed1) v\u00e0 1885 (52 s\u1ed1). V\u00e0 Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Khoa H\u1ecdc T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u01b0u gi\u1eef 121 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1865 (3 s\u1ed1), 1874 (24 s\u1ed1), 1875 (24 s\u1ed1), 1876 (15 s\u1ed1), 1895 (8 s\u1ed1), 1899 (3 s\u1ed1) v\u00e0 1900 (34 s\u1ed1)\u00bb. <\/i>Kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 Th\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c Gia, gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau s\u1ed1 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n tin \u0111\u1ed3ng quy \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m: Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> ra \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0y15-4-1865 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y 31-12-1909[9]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady theo L\u00ea Minh Qu\u1ed1c, th\u00ec Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 121 s\u1ed1 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 3 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1865. Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Vy, <\/i>trong b\u00e0i \u00abHu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u00bb<\/i>[10]<\/a>, ch\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba b\u1ea3n tin c\u1ee7a Paulus C\u1ee7a, in tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 4 (15-7-1865), s\u1ed1 5 (15-8-1865) v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 6 (15-9-1865), ch\u1eafc \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o n\u00e0y trong Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Tp H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Nh\u1eefng \u00abm\u1ea9u v\u0103n\u00bb n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t qu\u00fd cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, nh\u01b0 ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi. Mong r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1edbm c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. <\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, qua s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Gallica, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea1m chia Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o <\/i>l\u00e0m ba th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, c\u00f3 \u00fd nghi\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n

1- Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ernest Potteaux \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, k\u00fd t\u00ean K\u1ebb l\u00e0m Nh\u1ef1t tr\u00ecnh <\/i>(th\u00e1ng 4-1865 \u0111\u1ebfn 9-1869): Paulus C\u1ee7a l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

2- Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i (t\u1eeb 24-9-1869 \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 1871): Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o thi\u1ebfu b\u00e0i v\u1edf n\u00ean \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n, k\u00fd l\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc g\u1eedi b\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

3- Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 k\u00fd t\u00ean: Di\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef: Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd. <\/i>Ernest Potteaux tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, t\u00ean ghi \u1edf cu\u1ed1i t\u1edd b\u00e1o (kho\u1ea3ng 1883-1890).<\/p>\n

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Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ernest Potteaux (1865-1869) qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Paulus C\u1ee7a<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ba n\u0103m r\u01b0\u1ee1i \u00absung m\u00e3n\u00bb nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i>: 1866, 1867, 1868, t\u1edbi th\u00e1ng 9-1869.<\/i><\/p>\n

1- Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o 1866<\/i>: Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Gallica gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 10 s\u1ed1 (thi\u1ebfu s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 9 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 11). T\u1edd b\u00e1o chia l\u00e0m hai ph\u1ea7n: C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> v\u00e0 T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i>. Tr\u00ean manchette ghi m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m. M\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> in nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i>, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c b\u00e0i trong m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i>, xin l\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ea sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

– S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-1-1866 (s\u1ed1 1) trong m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i>, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n b\u00e0i <\/b>k\u00fd t\u00ean P. C\u1ee7a<\/i> <\/b>v\u00e0 <\/b>Paulus C\u1ee7a<\/i>. Cu\u1ed1i t\u1edd b\u00e1o, k\u00fd: Paul T\u00f4i, K\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1eef t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 in.<\/i><\/p>\n

– S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-2-1866 (s\u1ed1 2) m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> c\u00f3 ba b\u00e0i k\u00fd t\u00ean Paulus C\u1ee7a<\/b> v\u00e0 P. C\u1ee7a<\/b>, c\u00f3 l\u1eddi E. Potteaux y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n Ph\u00e1p, Vi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i g\u00f3p b\u00e0i cho t\u1edd b\u00e1o:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00abT\u00f4i xin m\u1ea5y th\u1ea7y th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n Lang-sa v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n Annam m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i g\u1edfi m\u1ed9t hai chuy\u1ec7n <\/b>g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 \u0111em v\u00e0o Nh\u1ef1t tr\u00ecnh Annam. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1eb1ng lo cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng c\u1ee9 ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m th\u00ec ph\u00e1t nh\u1ef1t tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 chuy\u1ec7n<\/b> m\u00e0 \u0111em v\u00e0o nh\u1ef1t tr\u00ecnh b\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u00ean m\u1edbi tr\u1ec5 ra nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u00bb<\/i>.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i cho t\u1edd b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00abch\u1ee7 b\u00fat\u00bb. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ee5c Gi\u00e1 Ch\u1ee3, <\/i>k\u00ea khai gi\u00e1 tr\u00e2u, b\u00f2, g\u00e0, v\u1ecbt, l\u00faa, g\u1ea1o, mu\u1ed1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng…<\/i> Cu\u1ed1i t\u1edd b\u00e1o, k\u00fd: E.Potteaux, K\u1ebb l\u00e0m Nh\u1ef1t-tr\u00ecnh, <\/i>ch\u1eef k\u00fd n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian Potteaux ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-9-1869 (s\u1ed1 19) l\u00e0 <\/i>l\u1ea7n ch\u00f3t.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> n\u0103m 1866, Paulus C\u1ee7a vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t<\/b>, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 8 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c: <\/b>A. Burnel, Ph\u1ee5ng, Michel Minh, Joannes Li\u1ec7u, Paul Th\u1edbi, Ph\u1ee7 Ca, Thomas Nh\u1ecb, Ph\u1ee7 Ba-T\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/i>[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3ng v\u0103n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef s\u01a1 khai, c\u00f2n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <\/i>[n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> in n\u0103m 1865] <\/i>m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u01b0a m\u1ea5y ai quan t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u su\u00f4ng s\u1ebb, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n<\/i> ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean d\u1ea1y qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef.<\/i><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3ng tin, k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea9y ra trong m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng, x\u00e3, thu\u1ebf m\u00e1, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch, \u0111\u00f4ng, t\u00e2y, ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t giai tho\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3… n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i kh\u00e1 t\u1ea3n m\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

2- Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o 1867<\/i>: B\u00e1o ra h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng, Gallica gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ee7 12 s\u1ed1, m\u1ed7i s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 hai m\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> v\u00e0 T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i>[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Khi Ernest Potteaux tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o, <\/i>trong hai n\u0103m 1866, 1867, <\/i>Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a <\/i>vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 g\u1eedi b\u00e0i, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n hay th\u00e0y d\u1ea1y qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ee7, Ba-T\u01b0\u1eddng, G.A Robert, A.Guisard, Chung. T\u00e2n Petrus, Thomas Sanh, Alamel,<\/i> <\/i><\/b>th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n, P.Th\u1edbi.<\/i><\/p>\n

V\u1eady nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1edd b\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n v\u00e0 th\u00e0y d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u1edf nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc Nam k\u1ef3, trong \u0111\u00f3 Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u, in trong s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 11-1867, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

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3- Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o 1868:<\/i> Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Gallica gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 7 s\u1ed1. M\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 hai m\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> v\u00e0 T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i>[13]<\/b><\/i><\/a>. <\/i>C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Maynadi\u00e9, Alamel, Ngo\u1ea1n, Michel Minh<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o n\u0103m 1868 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thi c\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, c\u00f3 danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi \u0111\u1eadu l\u00e0m th\u00e0y d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 \u0111i d\u1ea1y \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t \u00abs\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh\u00bb gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> ngh\u00e8o h\u1eb3n \u0111i. Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4i vi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y g\u1eedi b\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

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4- Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o 1869:<\/i> <\/b>Gallica gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 16 s\u1ed1. L\u00e0 n\u0103m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n. Th\u00e1ng 2, b\u00e1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n; t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4 b\u00e1o ra b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c ch\u1eef T\u1eadp v\u1ee5, T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5, C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i>, thay \u0111\u1ed5i lung tung. C\u00f3 truy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i Ro B\u00ean Son<\/b> (Robinson Cruso\u00e9), kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean v\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed S\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi vua trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Annam <\/i><\/b> tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean, sau k\u00fd: T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 1-9-1869 (s\u1ed1 19), Potteaux k\u00fd t\u00ean l\u1ea7n ch\u00f3t: K\u1ebb l\u00e0m nh\u1ef1t tr\u00ecnh<\/i>, \u1edf cu\u1ed1i b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb s\u1ed1 24-9-1869 (s\u1ed1 20), Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd l\u00e0m Ch\u00e1nh T\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

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Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd l\u00e0m Ch\u00e1nh T\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i (1869-1871?)<\/b><\/p>\n

– K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 24-9-1869 <\/i>(s\u1ed1 20): B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd l\u00e0m Ch\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i. Tr\u00ean manchette b\u1ecf h\u1eb3n hai ch\u1eef T\u1eadp v\u1ee5. <\/i>Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi hai ph\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> v\u00e0 T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> <\/b>nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5, <\/i>c\u00f3 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean So\u00e1i G. Ohier, b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd l\u00e0m Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o T\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i<\/i>. (Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 in \u1edf tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5, <\/i>Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft V\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y trung thu <\/i>c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2n B\u00ecnh T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng. Truy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i Ro B\u00ean Son<\/i> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u1eefa. Chuy\u1ec7n s\u00e1ch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc Annam <\/i>ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c [th\u1eddi M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n, L\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n. S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp] \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1871 s\u1ebd k\u00fd r\u00f5 t\u00ean T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng.[15]<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

5- Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o 1870<\/i>: Gallica gi\u1eef 10 s\u1ed1. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd v\u1eabn l\u00e0m Ch\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i. B\u00e0i v\u1edf ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. S\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 16-2-1870, b\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 2 trang.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 8-4-1870 (s\u1ed1 11) (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Gallica), Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

\u00abL\u1eddi c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n, k\u00fd l\u1ee5c, gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7ng hay:<\/i><\/p>\n

Nay vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, \u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 c\u00e1c n\u01a1i trong 6 t\u1ec9nh m\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 coi; n\u00ean xin c\u00e1c th\u00e0y c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i tu\u1ea7n hay n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, t\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 m\u00ecnh \u1edf, nh\u01b0:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0102n c\u01b0\u1edbp, \u0103n tr\u1ed9m,<\/i><\/p>\n

B\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n, tai n\u1ea1n.<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 r\u1ee7i ro, h\u00f9m tha, s\u1ea5u b\u1eaft.<\/i><\/i><\/i><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e1y ch\u1ee3, ch\u00e1y nh\u00e0; m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o.<\/i><\/i><\/i><\/i><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i s\u1edf ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0o th\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e2n v\u00e2n<\/i><\/i><\/i><\/i><\/i><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i t\u1eaft m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n m\u1edbi l\u1ea1, \u0111em v\u00f4 nh\u1ef1t tr\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft, vi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 g\u1edfi v\u1ec1 cho Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o Ch\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i \u1edf Ch\u1ee3 Qu\u00e1n…\u00bb<\/i><\/i><\/i><\/i><\/i><\/i><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng, Paulus Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd, n\u1ed9i dung t\u1edd b\u00e1o th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n phong ph\u00fa: c\u00f3 b\u00e0i kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u, ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn, c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef ca dao, thi ca v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 t\u00edch<\/i>\u00bb[17]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Sau l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd, s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 24- 4 -1870 (s\u1ed1 13), c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi b\u00e0i: Gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp L\u00ea V\u0103n T\u00e0u<\/i>, K\u00ed l\u1ee5c C\u1ea7n Giu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ed7 \u0110\u0103ng V\u1ecb<\/i>, Gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n M\u1ea1nh<\/i>, K\u00ed l\u1ee5c \u0110\u1eb7ng V\u0103n Quy\u1ec1n<\/i>, C\u00e1i M\u01a1ng (sic) gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp Vincent Vinh<\/i>, Thomas Sanh<\/i> Relieur, Gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ed1c L\u00ea T\u1ea5n \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/i>, Gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp B\u00ecnh Th\u1ee7y Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n H\u1eefu<\/i>, H\u1ed9i An tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp [gi\u1ea5u t\u00ean], Nh\u1ee9t h\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp Paulus Oai<\/i>, Ph\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u1edbi.<\/i><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao l\u00e2u (v\u00ec s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Gallica thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o sau \u0111\u00f3). Nh\u01b0ng t\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 15-9-1870 (s\u1ed1 27), t\u1edd b\u00e1o m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ra hai l\u1ea7n<\/i><\/b>. <\/i>M\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i do quan Nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i de Cornulier-Lugini\u00e8re k\u00fd v\u00e0 quan L\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 P. Vial ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 15-11-1870 (s\u1ed1 7), m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i k\u00fd t\u00ean R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1 Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 B\u00e1.<\/i><\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/i>: N\u0103m 1870, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd <\/i>trong <\/i>ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n, th\u1ea7y k\u00fd, g\u1eedi b\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt l\u00e2u, b\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng ra 2 k\u1ef3. \u00abB\u00e0i v\u1edf\u00bb tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tin v\u1eb7t, nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec7n: \u00ab\u0102n c\u01b0\u1edbp, \u0103n tr\u1ed9m, b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n, tai n\u1ea1n, r\u1ee7i ro, h\u00f9m tha, s\u1ea5u b\u1eaft\u00bb. <\/i>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00abb\u00e0i kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u, ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn, c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef ca dao, thi ca v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 t\u00edch\u00bb <\/i>n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

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6- Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o 1871<\/i>: Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Gallica gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 s\u1ed1, n\u0103m 1871:<\/p>\n

– S\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 15- 4-1871 (s\u1ed1 7), \u0111\u1ec1: t\u1edd b\u00e1o m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng in hai l\u1ea7n<\/i>. Quan Nguy\u00ean So\u00e1i l\u00e0 Dupr\u00e9. L\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 Picquet. <\/i>S\u1ed1 b\u00e1o n\u00e0y ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> c\u00f3 b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed7 H\u1eefu Th\u00e2n,<\/i> v\u00e0 m\u1ea5y b\u00e0i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean. Chuy\u1ec7n s\u00e1ch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc Annam <\/i>vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi L\u00fd, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y k\u00fd t\u00ean: S\u00e0i g\u00f2n \u0110\u1ed1c ph\u1ee7 s\u1ee9, T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 15-7-1871 (s\u1ed1 13): <\/i>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i>. S\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 15-9-1871 (s\u1ed1 17), m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> c\u00f3 b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Ng\u00f4<\/i>, th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed1c ph\u1ee7 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng <\/i>v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0m Ch\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i<\/b>. Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Gallica kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o trong n\u0103m 1872 v\u00e0 1873, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd ngh\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c l\u00fac n\u00e0o. Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Vy cho r\u1eb1ng: \u00abTr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd r\u1eddi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1872.<\/i>\u00bb[18]<\/a><\/p>\n

Gallica kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1872, 1873.<\/i><\/p>\n

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J. Bonet l\u00e0m Ch\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o <\/i>1874<\/b>.<\/i><\/p>\n

7- Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o 1874:<\/i> Gallica gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 1-5-1874 (s\u1ed1 9) ghi J. Bonet, l\u00e0m Ch\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i<\/b>. <\/b>Nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 Krantz, <\/b>Philastre v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y, Luro thay th\u1ebf l\u00e0m Th\u1ed1ng s\u00e1t. Gallica <\/b>kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo: 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880. T\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i>.<\/p>\n

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Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c (1883-1990)<\/b><\/p>\n

Theo Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Chi, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd <\/b>l\u00e0m \u00abCh\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i\u00bb t\u1eeb (1881 \u0111\u1ebfn 1897)[19]<\/a> nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean hai t\u1edd b\u00e1o Gallica gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m 1881, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 9-7-1881 (s\u1ed1 18) \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng ra 4 l\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i>. Kh\u00f4ng in t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u00e1o. S\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 9-7-1881 (s\u1ed1 19), m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng v\u1eabn ra 4 l\u1ea7n, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i>. Cu\u1ed1i t\u1edd b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ean Huc F.<\/p>\n

Gallica kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1882. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1eef 3 s\u1ed1 trong th\u00e1ng 12-1883 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd tr\u00ean ba s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o n\u00e0y.[20]<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-12-1883<\/b> (s\u1ed1 41) <\/b>c\u00f3 b\u00e0i: \u00ab<\/b>K\u1ebb \u0111\u00e1nh xe m\u00e1y m\u1eafc l\u1ea7y\u00bb <\/i>k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea9y ra \u1edf b\u00ean Ph\u00e1p, d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00fd t\u00ean Di\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd<\/i>.<\/b><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 8-12-1883<\/b> (s\u1ed1 42), t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, m\u1ee5c Th\u1ee9 v\u1ee5<\/i> c\u00f3 b\u00e0i \u00abTh\u00fa v\u1eadt \u0111au b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch kh\u00ed\u00bb <\/i>k\u00fd t\u00ean Di\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 15-12-1883<\/b> (s\u1ed1 43) M\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> v\u00e0 Ngo\u00e0i C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n h\u1ebft t\u1edd b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c Th\u1ee9 v\u1ee5<\/i> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n ng\u1eafn t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u00abCon c\u00f2 qu\u1eafm\u00bb<\/i>, k\u00fd t\u00ean Di\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd<\/i>. V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i t\u1edd b\u00e1o v\u1eabn ghi E. Potteaux.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u0103m 1883, qua ba s\u1ed1 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Gallica c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd:<\/p>\n

– T\u1edd b\u00e1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ea3n H\u1ea1t (m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00fac ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n \u00abd\u00e2n ch\u1ee7\u00bb Nam k\u1ef3, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft d\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, sinh th\u1eddi Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n trong ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y).<\/p>\n

– C\u00f3 ba v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef (d\u1ecbch hay phi\u00ean \u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5) k\u00fd t\u00ean: Di\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd<\/i>. Ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1eadn g\u00ec trong t\u1edd b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

8- Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o 1884:<\/i> <\/b>Gallica gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 17 s\u1ed1. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i: V\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i k\u00fd t\u00ean Di\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd <\/i>v\u00e0 t\u00ean <\/i>E. Potteaux \u0111i k\u00e8m.<\/p>\n

Gallica kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a hai n\u0103m 1885, 1886.<\/p>\n

9- Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o 1887:<\/i> <\/b>Gallica gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 12 s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 12-3-1887<\/b> (s\u1ed1 11), manchette b\u00e1o thay \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, tr\u00ean t\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec1:<\/b><\/p>\n

R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise<\/b><\/p>\n

Libert\u00e9 \u2013 Egalit\u00e9 – Fraternit\u00e9<\/p>\n

[T\u1ef1 do – C\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng – B\u00e1c \u00e1i] <\/p>\n

N\u0103m \u0110inh H\u1ee3i -n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ba- S\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 11<\/p>\n

To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 4 trang s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i>. Th\u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 <\/i>l\u00e0 Filippini. Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5 <\/i>l\u00e0 No\u00ebl Pardon. S\u1ed1 b\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n: Nam K\u1ef3 \u00abch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p<\/i>\u00bb.[21]<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> n\u0103m 1887, c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd:<\/p>\n

1- Tr\u00ean manchette in th\u00eam hai h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef: <\/i><\/p>\n

R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise<\/i><\/p>\n

Libert\u00e9- Egalit\u00e9- Fraternit\u00e9<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Nam K\u1ef3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p. <\/p>\n

2- Qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi truy\u1ec7n Th\u1ea7y Lazaro Phi\u1ec1n<\/i> c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng Qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch L\u1ee5c V\u00e2n Ti\u00ean<\/i> l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Bajot. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd ra \u0111\u1eddi sau b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Bajot 2 n\u0103m.<\/i><\/p>\n

10- Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o 1888:<\/i> Gallica gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4 s\u1ed1:<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> v\u00e0 Ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1edd b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

– S\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 3-7-1888 (s\u1ed1 24), m\u1ee5c Th\u1ee9 v\u1ee5<\/i> c\u00f3 b\u00e0i k\u00fd s\u1ef1 \u0111i T\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng th\u01a1, t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 Nh\u01b0 T\u00e2y nh\u1ef1t tr\u00ecnh<\/i><\/b>, <\/i>k\u00fd t\u00ean: Di\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd<\/i>. B\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y in nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 5-1-1889. <\/i><\/p>\n

– <\/i>S\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 10-7-1888 (s\u1ed1 25), m\u1ee5c Th\u1ee9 v\u1ee5<\/i> c\u00f3 b\u00e0i Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ng\u1ea3i,<\/i> c\u1ee7a Paulus C\u1ee7a, \u0110\u1ed1c ph\u1ee7 s\u1ee9, b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ng\u1ea3i, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eb9 d\u1ea1, tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

– S\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 17-7-1888 (s\u1ed1 26), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

– S\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 24-7-1888 (s\u1ed1 27). Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n t\u00ean Potteaux.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c sau s\u1ed1 b\u00e0o n\u00e0y.<\/b><\/p>\n

11- Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o n\u0103m 1889:<\/i><\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y12-1-1889, m\u1ee5c Th\u1ee9 v\u1ee5<\/i>, c\u00f3 Chuy\u1ec7n Arabes<\/i>, Di\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef: Hu\u1ef3nh Mai Li\u00eau v\u00e0 E. Potteaux; s\u1ed1 19-1-1889 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Potteaux; s\u1ed1 26-1-1889, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c Chuy\u1ec7n Arabes<\/i>: Di\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef: Hu\u1ef3nh Mai Li\u00eau v\u00e0 E. Potteaux. S\u1ed1 25-5-1889, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c Chuy\u1ec7n Arabes<\/i>, Di\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef: Hu\u1ef3nh Mai Li\u00eau v\u00e0 E. Potteaux….vv t\u1edbi s\u1ed1 22-6-1889, idem.<\/p>\n

12- Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o n\u0103m 1890:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 29-4-1890, l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u0103ng Nh\u01b0 T\u00e2y nh\u1ef1t tr\u00ecnh, <\/i>s\u1ed1 3-6-1890 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 17-6-1890, c\u0169ng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 7-6-1890 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 2-9-1890, m\u1ee5c Th\u1ee9 v\u1ee5<\/i> \u0111\u0103ng Truy\u1ec7n M\u1ea1ng L\u1ee5c<\/i> (L\u01b0u Bang-H\u1ea1ng V\u00f5) c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc. T\u1eeb 9-9-1890 \u0111\u0103ng truy\u1ec7n th\u01a1 Ch\u01b0 qu\u1ea5c th\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i<\/i><\/b> c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 sau kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u0103ng t\u00ean ai tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u1eefa.<\/i><\/p>\n

Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u00e1o <\/i>nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, cho \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 sau c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gallica l\u01b0u gi\u1eef, l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 24-12-1906 (s\u1ed1 52), d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi quy\u1ec1n Nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i Nam K\u1ef3 <\/i>de Lalande-Calan. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ghi t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch t\u1edd b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd tr\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong 44 n\u0103m, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

1- L\u00e0 t\u1edd b\u00e1o chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i>.<\/p>\n

2- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n, k\u00fd l\u1ee5c, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean<\/i> d\u1ea1y qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7n nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, m\u00e0 vi\u1ebft theo l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean (E. Potteaux, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd). H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi (l\u1edbp tr\u01b0\u1edbc) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o Pinang, nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd, Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a; (l\u1edbp sau) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc Nam K\u1ef3 do Th\u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 de La Grandi\u00e8re m\u1edf t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1864, \u0111\u1ed7 c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi tuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0y gi\u00e1o do Nha N\u1ed9i v\u1ee5 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. H\u1ecd g\u1eedi b\u00e0i \u0111\u0103ng trong m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5 <\/i>(sau \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0) Th\u1ee9 v\u1ee5<\/i>, m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y ban \u0111\u1ea7u, <\/i>ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1t k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n \u00abm\u1eaft th\u1ea5y tai nghe\u00bb ho\u1eb7c thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n x\u01b0a, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0m v\u0103n, ho\u1eb7c bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

3- C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t, hai b\u00e0i, r\u1ed3i ng\u1eebng, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00abv\u0103n nghi\u1ec7p\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

– X\u00e0 n\u1ea1n truy\u1ec7n<\/i> <\/b>l\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i-Th\u1ecb L\u1ed9, k\u00fd t\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 Ba-T\u01b0\u1eddng (s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 1-12-1866)<\/p>\n

– M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i \u00abbi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o\u00bb v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00abtruy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn\u00bb, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean c\u1ee7a Paulus C\u1ee7a, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea1m \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed S\u00e0i G\u00f2n<\/i><\/b> v\u00e0 M\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u00e1n m\u1ea1ng <\/i><\/b>(s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 11-1867). Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau, trong m\u1ee5c Th\u1ee9 v\u1ee5<\/i> c\u00f3 b\u00e0i Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ng\u1ea3i, <\/i>k\u00fd t\u00ean Paulus C\u1ee7a, \u0110\u1ed1c ph\u1ee7 s\u1ee9 (s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 10-7-1888 (s\u1ed1 25).<\/p>\n

– Truy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i Ro B\u00ean Son <\/b>(Robinson Cruso\u00e9), in t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1 1-6-1869 (s\u1ed1 10), \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 24-9-1869, khi Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd l\u00e0m Ch\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i, th\u00ec ng\u1eebng.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

– S\u00e1ch s\u1eed n\u00f3i d\u00f3n<\/i><\/b> <\/i>[t\u00f3m t\u1eaft] s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi vua trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Annam <\/i><\/b>(\u0110\u1eddi H\u1ed3ng-B\u00e0ng-Th\u1ecb), c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng, sau \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u00e0 Chuy\u1ec7n s\u00e1ch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc Annam<\/i><\/b>: in t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-6-1869 (s\u1ed1 12) \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m <\/b>1871.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

– Con c\u00f2 qu\u1eafm<\/i><\/b>,<\/i> m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1ea1p v\u0103n r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn, k\u00fd t\u00ean Di\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd, <\/i>in tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 15-12-1883 (s\u1ed1 43) trong m\u1ee5c Th\u1ee9 v\u1ee5. <\/i><\/p>\n

– Nh\u01b0 T\u00e2y nh\u1ef1t tr\u00ecnh<\/i><\/b>, <\/i>(in tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 3-7-1888 (s\u1ed1 24), ng\u00e0y 17-7-1888 (s\u1ed1 26) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp trong m\u1ee5c Th\u1ee9 v\u1ee5. <\/i>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 <\/i>b\u00e0i k\u00fd s\u1ef1 b\u00e0ng th\u01a1, k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111i T\u00e2y, k\u00fd t\u00ean: Di\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd.<\/i><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 T\u00e2y nh\u1ef1t tr\u00ecnh <\/i>(1883)<\/b> <\/i>c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd <\/i>so v\u1edbi Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i ra B\u1eafc k\u1ef3 n\u0103m \u1ea4t H\u1ee3i (Voyage au Tonkin en 1876) <\/i>c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd <\/i>(in n\u0103m 1881)<\/b>, l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 20 n\u0103m sau<\/b> <\/i>nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in tr\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o.<\/i><\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y: X\u00e0 n\u1ea1n truy\u1ec7n <\/i>v\u00e0 Ro B\u00ean Son <\/i>l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng t\u00e1c. Chuy\u1ec7n s\u00e1ch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc Annam<\/i> c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i sao l\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 t\u00edch, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i hay \u0111o\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, thu\u1ed9c l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft tin c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o, ho\u1eb7c k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n, v\u0103n su\u00f4ng s\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Paulus C\u1ee7a <\/i>vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef tr\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> ng\u00e0y 1-11-1867, t\u00ecnh c\u1edd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Paulus C\u1ee7a, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec1, in trong m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5, <\/i>ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea1m \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed S\u00e0i g\u00f2n <\/i>v\u00e0 ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean v\u0103n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng s\u1eeda d\u1ea5u v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3, theo l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed S\u00e0i g\u00f2n<\/b>[22]<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

Theo l\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ean Sai gon l\u00e0 b\u1ee1i C\u00e2y g\u00f2n m\u00e0 ra, c\u00e2y \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Annam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00e0o. Cao m\u00ean hay d\u00f9ng c\u00e2y \u1ea5y m\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng n\u01a1i xung quanh \u0111\u1ed3n l\u1ee7y m\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00e0o.<\/i><\/p>\n

Thu\u1edf x\u01b0a khi Annam \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c v\u1edbi Cao m\u00ean, t\u1ea1i xung quanh Sai gon th\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3n r\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y g\u00f2n m\u00e0 b\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ec1u <\/i>[\u0111i\u1ec1u] \u1ea5y th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Sai gon. – Khi Langsa m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u0103m K\u1ef7 m\u00f9i (1859) th\u00ec Annam C\u00e1c ch\u00fa g\u1ecdi Sai g\u00f2n l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee3 l\u1edbn, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed5 Sai gon \u0111\u00e2y.<\/i><\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec7n Annam tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Annam \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c v\u1edbi Cao m\u00ean th\u00ec bi\u1ebft \u00edt l\u1eafm, s\u00e1u t\u1ec9nh Nam k\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Kmer, n\u0103m 1658 khi Annam \u0111\u00e1nh Cao m\u00ean m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u00e0 r\u1ecba (l\u00e0 M\u1ecdi Xo\u00e0i), qua 17 n\u0103m sau trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Cao-m\u00ean c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1n, th\u00ec quan T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c Kh\u00e1nh h\u00f2a l\u1eeba d\u1ecbp n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n l\u1ee7y t\u1ea1i Sai gon, l\u1ea1i k\u00e9o binh cho \u0111\u1ebfn Nam Vang; khi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng cho \u0111\u1eb7ng bi\u1ebft Annam cai tr\u1ecb mi\u1ec1n Nam vang, khi Annam \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn r\u1ed3i th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00fd cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n th\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc Cao-m\u00ean m\u00e0 ra Hu\u1ebf; sau k\u00e9o binh v\u1ec1 \u1edf trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n lu\u1ef7, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Annam \u0111i v\u1ea3ng lai trong x\u1ee9 Bi\u00ean Ho\u00e0, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi Cao-m\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0103n, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Annam th\u1ea5y l\u00e0m v\u1eady th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf d\u1ecbp n\u1ea7y v\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Cao-m\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: \u00abc\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Cao-m\u00ean l\u1ebd th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quan binh v\u1ef1c m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y\u00bb, cho n\u00ean vua Annam ban qui\u1ec1n cho quan T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c Kh\u00e1nh h\u00f2a, l\u1ea1i \u00f4ng \u1ea5y th\u00ec c\u00f3 qui\u1ec1n ph\u00e9p cai tr\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n hai n\u01b0\u1edbc; khi vua th\u1ee9 hai Cao-m\u00ean \u1edf t\u1ea1i Sai-gon, th\u00ec vua th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t m\u1edbi \u0111i \u1edf O-\u0111\u00f4ng.<\/i><\/p>\n

V\u1eady \u0111\u1ebfn sau c\u00e1c quan l\u00e3nh binh C\u00e1c ch\u00fa k\u00e9o ba ng\u00e0n qu\u00e2n \u0111i l\u1ea5y t\u1ec9nh Bi\u00ean-h\u00f2a, t\u1ec9nh M\u1ef9-tho, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p vua Annam m\u00e0 \u0111i; \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1715 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00e1c ch\u00fa kh\u00e1c, t\u00ean l\u00e0 Mac-c\u01b0u <\/i>[M\u1ea1c C\u1eedu] l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi l\u1eafm, c\u00f3 tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n nhi\u1ec1u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf t\u1ecbm b\u1ea1c <\/i>[ch\u1ee7 ti\u1ec7m b\u1ea1c], sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecf b\u1ea1c H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y b\u1eaft nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00e1c ch\u00fa, hay l\u00e0 Ch\u00e0v\u00e0, hay l\u00e0 Annam, song m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u00e0 \u0111i l\u1ea5y H\u00e0-ti\u00ean, khi l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i th\u00ec d\u00e2ng x\u1ee9 \u1ea5y cho vua Annam.<\/i><\/p>\n

Khi \u1ea5y th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7t mi\u1ec1n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u0169a Annam, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta k\u00eau b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u1ee5c t\u1ec9nh, c\u00e1ch ra n\u01b0\u1edbc Kmer th\u00ec m\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Annam. C\u00f3 l\u1ecbnh vua d\u1ea1y ch\u1edf m\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9a hoang \u0111\u00e0ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Annam t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng-b\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00ecnh-thu\u1eadn m\u00e0 \u0111i \u1edf trong x\u1ee9 Gia-\u0111\u1ecbnh, cho n\u00ean m\u1edbi l\u1eadp l\u00e0ng, x\u00f3m, ch\u1ee3 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n…, l\u1ea1i quan \u0111o h\u1ebft ru\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t thu\u1ebf ru\u1ed9ng, thu\u1ebf nh\u01a1n, c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh th\u00ec chia l\u00e0m Ph\u1ee7 huy\u1ec7n, c\u00f2n l\u00ednh b\u1ed9 th\u1ee7y, l\u00ecnh mat\u00e0, tr\u1ea1m th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t cho \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00f3 \u00f4ng T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c \u1edf t\u1ea1i B\u1ebfn ngh\u00e9 cai tr\u1ecb h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y.<\/i><\/i><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec l\u00e0 l\u00e0m v\u1eady; t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 quan T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c \u1edf th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean Phan-tr\u1ea5n-dinh, khi Annam m\u1edbi cai tr\u1ecb n\u01a1i \u1ea5y th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00e0 th\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u lo v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c cai tr\u1ecb, vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n th\u00ec t\u1ea1i H\u00e0-ti\u00ean, M\u1ef9-tho, Bi\u00ean-ho\u00e0, trong c\u00e1c n\u01a1i \u1ea5y th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00ean Mac-c\u01b0u, D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea5n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00e1c ch\u00fa l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng qu\u00e2n theo n\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, khi \u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n th\u00ec d\u1ec3, b\u1ee1i v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n cho c\u00f3 c\u1eefa r\u1ed9ng, cho n\u00ean khi y\u00ean r\u1ed3i, C\u00e1c ch\u00fa lo v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, n\u00f3 l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i H\u00e0-ti\u00ean, t\u1ea1i Bi\u00ean-h\u00f2a nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i kho m\u00e0 tr\u1eed c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 h\u00e0ng b\u1ee1i n\u01a1i xung quanh m\u00e0 ra, l\u1ea1i khi n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u00f4i th\u00ec t\u1ea7u b\u1ee1i n\u01b0\u1edbc Ng\u00f4 ch\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng b\u1ee1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y m\u00e0 ra m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Annam.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn sau cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m khi T\u00e2y s\u01a1n l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n, l\u1ea1i khi con M\u1ea1c c\u01b0u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng gi\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc Xi\u00eam, th\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 r\u1ee7i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u00ean <\/i>[y\u00ean?] ch\u01b0a v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng, cho n\u00ean m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00e1c ch\u00fa gi\u00e0u th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf kho c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i B\u1ebfn ngh\u00e9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 l\u00ednh nhi\u1ec1u cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c, khi \u1ea5y th\u00ec cho m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111i \u1edf t\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee3 l\u1edbn l\u00e0 t\u00ean k\u00eau b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, (tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00e1c ch\u00fa k\u00eau l\u00e0 th\u00e1i-g\u00f2n); \u0111\u1ebfn sau n\u01a1i \u1ea5y th\u00ec l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c: khi m\u1edbi y\u00ean gi\u1eb7c, l\u1ea1i n\u0103m 1802 khi vua Gia Long l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh N\u0103m k\u1ef3, T\u1ea3 k\u1ef3, B\u1eafc k\u1ef3 n\u1eefa th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n t\u1ea1i Ch\u1ee3 l\u1edbn m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, c\u1eefa Bi\u00ean h\u00f2a th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf, c\u00f2n H\u00e0 ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb k\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp Ch\u00e0 v\u00e0, b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c Xi\u00eam th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n c\u0169ng h\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hai t\u1ea7u \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 theo s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn hai b\u00ean, th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1eadp ch\u1ee3 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee3 Sa \u0111\u00e9c, V\u0129nh long, Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1c, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111i bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n b\u00ean t\u1ea7u cho m\u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lai v\u00e3ng t\u1edbi Ch\u1ee3 l\u1edbn m\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, cho n\u00ean k\u00eau ch\u1ed5 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee3 l\u1edbn th\u00ec l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng th\u1eadt l\u00e0m v\u1eady; khi \u1ea5y d\u1ea7u Ch\u1ee3 l\u1edbn l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 khi langsa m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec t\u1ea1i Saig\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y g\u00ec bao nhi\u00eau, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kho c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Annam, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t hai c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 cho quan Annam \u1edf; vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n nh\u1ecf th\u00ec c\u00f3, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hai t\u1ea7u C\u00e1c ch\u00fa t\u1edbi \u0111\u1eadu, cho n\u00ean khi \u1ea5y th\u00ec th\u00e0nh saig\u00f2n m\u1edbi l\u00e0m l\u1edbn m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat; t\u1ea1i B\u1ebfn ngh\u00e9, Ch\u1ee3 s\u1ecfi th\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1, l\u1ea1i hai b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng theo r\u1ea1ch v\u00f4 Ch\u1ee3 l\u1edbn th\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 ng\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u.<\/i><\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u1ea5y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ti\u1ebfc, b\u1ee1i v\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o th\u1ea5p th\u00ec b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u00e0o kinh, b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u, l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng; l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 t\u00e2y l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n th\u1ebf m\u1ea5y c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 Annam, c\u00f2n m\u1ea5y c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng hai b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec c\u0169ng th\u1ebf c\u00e2y cau khi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00edt n\u1eefa s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1i c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c c\u00e1i c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y.<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ea7y m\u1edbi l\u00e0m c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m n\u0103m nay m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, m\u00e0 b\u1eefa n\u1ea7y m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft saigon khi tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1n n\u0103m n\u0103m ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 c\u0169 l\u00e0m sao, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ch\u1eb3ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i n\u00e0o cho ch\u1eafc.<\/i><\/p>\n

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Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec l\u00e0 b\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef vi\u1ebft hay nh\u1ea5t, b\u1edfi v\u00ec trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 t\u00ean \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i v\u0103n hay h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n, r\u1ed3i ng\u1eebng lu\u00f4n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i d\u00e0i, ghi l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ch\u00faa Nguy\u1ec5n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t Cao m\u00ean l\u1eadp ra mi\u1ec1n l\u1ee5c t\u1ec9nh, cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm th\u00e0nh Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1 th\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 x\u00e2y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u00e1i t\u00ean r\u1ea5t x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a S\u00e0i G\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p P. C\u1ee7a, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u, hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i Nam Qu\u1ea5c \u00c2m t\u1ef1 v\u1ecb, <\/i>\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi, ng\u00e3, ch\u01b0a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ebfp ch\u1eef, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean P. C\u1ee7a, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac b\u1ecb x\u1ebfp d\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh P. C\u0169a.<\/p>\n

– Nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef t <\/i>v\u00e0 c <\/i>\u1edf cu\u1ed1i c\u00e2u th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i chung c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n Nam. Khi Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a so\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ea1i Nam Qu\u1ea5c \u00c2m t\u01b0 v\u1ecb<\/i>, l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

– S\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u00ean S\u00e0i g\u00f2n l\u00e0 do c\u00e2y g\u00f2n m\u00e0 ra, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t. Sau n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u00ean S\u00e0i g\u00f2n, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i n\u00e0y n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau. Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, ph\u00e1 th\u00e0nh Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba, v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i t\u00ean c\u0169 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t S\u00e0i g\u00f2n x\u01b0a, xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 t\u1eeb c\u00e2y g\u00f2n. Ta l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft Ch\u1ee3 l\u1edbn<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Khi \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng n\u00e0y n\u0103m 1867, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi x\u1ea9y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m n\u0103m (t\u1eeb 1862), v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft: m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edb. Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

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So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi v\u0103n b\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Bento Thi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1659<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u0103n b\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta do Bento Thi\u1ec7n vi\u1ebft tay n\u0103m 1659, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c linh m\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ed7 Quang Ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u1edf Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n D\u00f2ng T\u00ean La M\u00e3, v\u00e0 cho in trong s\u00e1ch L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef<\/i> 1620-1659 <\/i>xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1972, t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc Annam<\/i>, r\u1ed3i \u00f4ng ghi l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda theo l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y nay, k\u00e8m theo \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c vi\u1ebft tay. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n M\u1ef5 Ch\u00e2u-Tr\u1ecdng Th\u1ee7y, theo b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft tay c\u1ee7a Bento Thi\u1ec7n, y nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c, kh\u00f4ng s\u1eeda:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00abThu\u1ee1 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t B. <\/i>[Bua] l\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u V\u1ee7 Ho\u00e0ng, sang \u0111\u00e1nh B. An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5i<\/i> [l\u1ea5y] n\u00f5 m\u00e0 b\u1eafn, th\u00ec gi\u1ea1ch <\/i>[gi\u1eb7c] li\u00e8n ch\u1ebft ma <\/i>[m\u00e0] B. An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t con g\u00e1i, t\u00ean l\u00e0 Michu <\/i>[M\u1ecb Chu], B.Tri\u1ec7u V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 con tlai <\/i>[trai], t\u00ean l\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u Th\u1ec9 m\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u V\u0169<\/i> <\/i>gi\u1ea3 nghi\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn, m\u00e0 hai b\u00ean g\u00e3 con cho nhau, B. An Duong V\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec1n g\u00e3 con cho con B. V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed1i <\/i>[l\u1ea5y] \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u1edf l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 cha v\u1ee3 th\u1ea5i<\/i> [th\u1ea5y] cha<\/i> v\u1ee3 \u0111i v\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1t <\/i>[v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t]. th\u00ec h\u1ecfi v\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng n\u00e0o c\u00e1y <\/i>[c\u00e1i] n\u00f5 cha \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2u, l\u1ea5i <\/i>[l\u1ea5y] cho anh xem, v\u1ee3 ng\u1edd l\u00e0 th\u1eadt d\u1ea1, th\u00ec l\u1ea5i n\u00f5 ra cho xem. Ch\u1eb3ng ng <\/i>[ng\u1edd] c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0103n tl\u1ed9m<\/i> [tr\u1ed9m] l\u1ea5i <\/i>[l\u1ea5y] c\u00e1i n\u00f5 m\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u1ea3i n\u00f5 kh\u00e1c tra v\u00e0i <\/i>[v\u00e0o] cho k\u1ebbo c\u00f2n th\u01b0\u1eddng <\/i>[thi\u00eang] \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha m\u00ecnh, \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng anh v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 c\u1eeb<\/i> [c\u00f9ng] B. cha, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i <\/i>[ng\u00e0y] sau hai n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eb5ng i\u00eau <\/i>[y\u00eau] nhau. Th\u00ec anh \u0111\u1ec3 cho em m\u1ed9t \u00e1o C\u1ea9n ng\u0103n <\/i>[ngan], v\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh em theo Bua cha th\u00ec l\u1ea5i <\/i>[l\u1ea5y] C\u1ea9n n\u1ea7y l\u00e0m d\u1ea5u cho anh bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e0ng m\u00e0 \u0111i c\u1eeb <\/i>[c\u00f9ng]\u00bb[23]<\/a> <\/i><\/p>\n

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L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed7 Quang Ch\u00ednh<\/i>, trang 133<\/p>\n

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L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed7 Quang Ch\u00ednh<\/i>, trang 134 <\/p>\n

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Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c Bento Thi\u1ec7n vi\u1ebft tay n\u0103m 1659, ch\u01b0a s\u1eeda, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

So v\u1edbi ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef ng\u00e0y nay, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 d\u1ea5u (th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh) c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: v<\/i> vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 b <\/i>(vua <\/i>vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 bua<\/i>), y <\/i>vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 i <\/i>(l\u1ea5y <\/i>vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 l\u1ea5i<\/i>), vv…, v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec<\/i>, l\u00e0, m\u00e0<\/i>, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eef B\u1ed3. C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m, ph\u1ea9y ch\u01b0a ph\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eef N\u00f4m, ch\u1eef H\u00e1n (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5m ph\u1ea9y).<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 Bento Thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 k\u1ec3<\/i> chuy\u1ec7n, ch\u01b0a (bi\u1ebft) t\u1ea3<\/i> c\u1ea3nh vua An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ebft con g\u00e1i, khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi v\u0103n \u00abt\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n\u00bb v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a tr\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed7 Quang Ch\u00ednh vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Bento Thi\u1ec7n (1659) sang ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/i> nh\u01b0 sau:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00abThu\u1edf \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vua l\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng sang \u0111\u00e1nh vua An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng. An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea5y n\u1ecf m\u00e0 b\u1eafn th\u00ec th\u00ec gi\u1eb7c li\u1ec1n ch\u1ebft. M\u00e0 vua An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t con g\u00e1i t\u00ean l\u00e0 M\u1ecb Chu. Vua Tri\u1ec7u V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 con trai t\u00ean l\u00e0 Tr\u1ecdng Th\u1ec9. M\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u V\u0169 gi\u1ea3 nghi\u00e3 l\u00e0m<\/i> <\/i>ho\u00e0 thu\u1eadn, m\u00e0 hai b\u00ean g\u1ea3 con cho nhau. Vua An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec1n g\u1ea3 con cho con vua V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u1edf l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 cha v\u1ee3; th\u1ea5y cha v\u1ee3 \u0111i v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t, th\u00ec h\u1ecfi v\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng: N\u00e0o c\u00e1i n\u1ecf cha \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2u, l\u1ea5y cho anh xem? V\u1ee3 ng\u1edd l\u00e0 th\u1eadt d\u1ea1 th\u00ec l\u1ea5y n\u1ecf ra cho xem. Ch\u1eb3ng ng\u1edd c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0103n tr\u1ed9m l\u1ea5y n\u00e3y n\u1ecf, m\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u00e3y n\u1ecf kh\u00e1c tra v\u00e0o cho, k\u1ebbo c\u00f2n thi\u00eang \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha m\u00ecnh. \u0110o\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng: anh v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 c\u00f9ng Vua cha, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y sau hai n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eb3ng y\u00eau<\/i> <\/i>nhau, th\u00ec anh \u0111\u1ec3 cho em m\u1ed9t \u00e1o l\u00f4ng ngan; v\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh <\/i>[nhau], em <\/i>[ph\u1ea3i] theo Vua cha, th\u00ec l\u1ea5y l\u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m d\u1ea5u cho anh bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e0ng m\u00e0 \u0111i c\u00f9ng.\u00bb<\/i>[24]<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII c\u1ee7a Bento Thi\u1ec7n, hay Alexandre de Rhodes (vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong Ph\u00e9p gi\u1ea3ng t\u00e1m ng\u00e0y<\/i>) \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, tr\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o, <\/i>ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta <\/i>ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n trung gian n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn trong <\/i>hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7<\/i>. <\/p>\n

Paulus C\u1ee7a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i \u00abch\u1eef m\u1edbi\u00bb n\u00e0y tr\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i>.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Paulus C\u1ee7a vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef <\/i>\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

S\u01b0u t\u1eadp Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia Ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i>, t\u00ecnh c\u1edd trong b\u00e0i: \u00abHu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u00bb <\/i>c\u1ee7a <\/i>Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Vy[25]<\/a>, c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean v\u0103n ba b\u1ea3n tin, k\u00fd t\u00ean Paulus C\u1ee7a, in tr\u00ean ba s\u1ed1 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 4, s\u1ed1 5 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 6,<\/i> ra n\u0103m 1865 <\/i>[ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Khoa H\u1ecdc T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, n\u01a1i c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba s\u1ed1 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o, n\u0103m 1865].<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u00abm\u1ea9u tin\u00bb n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng \u00abv\u0103n\u00bb qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u1eeb khi Ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

– \u00abN\u0103m nay, m\u01b0a thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u01b0a, m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n s\u1ee3 h\u1ea1ng <\/i>[h\u1ea1n] th\u00e1ng 7 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, nghe ra z\u00e2n <\/i>[d\u00e2n] s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 y\u00ean h\u01a1n ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc, lo l\u00e0m \u0103n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t z\u1ee5 hai n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00e1m giao lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e1t, b\u1ecdn th\u00e1p 10 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eafng tin, k\u1ebb l\u00e0m ngh\u1ecbch h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t th\u00fa c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u1eefng qu\u00e2n l\u1ea5y trung ng\u00e3i quy\u00ean ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 \u0103n c\u00f9ng xui z\u00e2n l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1edbt..<\/i>.\u00bb (Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i>, s\u1ed1 4, ng\u00e0y 15-7-1865).<\/p>\n

– \u00abTh\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc quan Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01a1 c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n cho quan B\u1ed1 Sai ph\u1ee7 Saigon \u0111i v\u00e0o trong l\u00e0ng B\u00ecnh H\u00f2a G\u00f2 V\u1ea5p m\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ed5, bi\u00ean nam ph\u1ee5 l\u00e3o \u1ea5u, bi\u00ean sanh t\u1eed ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, bi\u00ean th\u1eed m\u1ed9t \u00edt l\u00e0ng cho quan tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7ng bi\u1ebft, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00fd bi\u00ean m\u00e0 t\u1ea5n thu\u1ebf th\u00eam hay l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y v\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1ea5t ai, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi nan s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i z\u1ea5u \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n khai cho thi\u1ec7t, trong nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai \u00edt, ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u khai ch\u1eebng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i mi\u1ebfng m\u00e0<\/i> th\u00f4i, s\u1ee3 quan c\u00f3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111i hay l\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111em \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u, l\u1ea1i nghe c\u00f3 k\u1ebb mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00fat ti\u1ec1n cho l\u00e0ng \u0103n cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai \u00edt v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u1ebf \u1ea5y th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi l\u1ea1i m\u1eaft <\/i>[m\u1eafc] l\u1ea5y t\u1ed9i z\u1ed1i quan, n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u00edch g\u00ec, c\u00f3 l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u z\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady…\u00bb <\/i>(Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i>, s\u1ed1 5 ng\u00e0y 15-8-1865).<\/i><\/p>\n

– \u00abT\u1ea1i C\u1ea7n Giu\u1ed9c, m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1eb7ng Huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 hay vi\u1ec7c th\u00e2u thu\u1ebf n\u1ed9i huy\u1ec7n Ph\u01b0\u1edbc L\u1ed9c m\u00e0 c\u1ea5p cho qu\u00e2n gi\u1eb7c…<\/i>\u00bb (Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i>, s\u1ed1 6, ng\u00e0y 15-9-1865).<\/p>\n

Ba tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1ebd sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

– N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba s\u1ed1 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o <\/i>\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean: 1, 2, 3, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea3n v\u0103n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1eeb khi Ph\u00e1p ra l\u1ec7nh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n

– Gi\u1ecdng v\u0103n Paulus C\u1ee7a: tuy g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 giao lo\u1ea1n, b\u1ecdn th\u00e1p 10 <\/i>[ \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi?] l\u00e0m ngh\u1ecbch, <\/i>nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o hai ch\u1eef trung ng\u00e3i <\/i>[trung nghi\u00e3] th\u1ea7m ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n tin sau, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai b\u1edbt ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n thu\u1ebf, gi\u1ecdng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111e d\u1ecda m\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u00fd khuy\u00ean r\u0103n: c\u00f3 l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u z\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady<\/i>?<\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb ba \u0111i\u1ec3m: ch\u1eef h\u1ea1n<\/i> vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng<\/i>, ch\u1eef d\u00e2n<\/i> vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 z\u00e2n<\/i>, ch\u1eef m\u1eafc<\/i> vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1eaft. <\/i>Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 d\u1ea5u h\u1ecfi ng\u00e3, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, l\u00e0 do th\u1ee3 x\u1ebfp ch\u1eef, h\u1ecd x\u1ebfp sai c\u1ea3 t\u00ean \u00f4ng: C\u1ee7a<\/i> th\u00e0nh C\u0169a<\/i>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng do Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a.<\/i><\/p>\n

–<\/i> \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0: v\u0103n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef n\u0103m 1865 c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c h\u01a1n v\u0103n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef n\u0103m 1869 c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd<\/b><\/i>, n\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd vi\u1ebft in tr\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o, ng\u00e0y 24-9-1869, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1, k\u00fd t\u00ean Paulus C\u1ee7a, \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> ng\u00e0y 1-11-1867, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i coi l\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn<\/i> \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 M\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u00e1n m\u1ea1ng, <\/i>xin in l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u00e1n m\u1ea1ng<\/i><\/b>[26]<\/a><\/p>\n

B\u1eefa m\u1ed3ng ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eebng gi\u1edd th\u1ee9 b\u1ea9y t\u1ed1i t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng Kh\u00e1nh H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t m\u1ed9t \u00e1n nh\u01a1n m\u1ea1ng.<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Annam l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u1edf trong l\u00e0ng \u1ea5y m\u1eafc n\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddn b\u00e0 l\u1ed1i x\u00f3m l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1c.<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u1ed1i m\u1ed3ng ch\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddn b\u00e0 \u1ea5y t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i b\u1ea1c, h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ee3 th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc \u0111i \u0111\u1ecdc kinh \u1edf nh\u00e0 th\u1edd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e0. Ch\u00fa th\u1ea7y th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eddn b\u00e0 \u1ea5y \u0111eo nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c sanh l\u00f2ng d\u1eef, t\u00ednh gi\u1ebft n\u00f3 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 sau l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eb7ng m\u1ed9t m\u1edb c\u1ee7a; khi \u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddn b\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf, ch\u00fa th\u1ea7y \u0111i v\u00e0o trong bu\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2y l\u1edbn \u0111i ra, l\u1eeba khi \u0111\u1eddn b\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00fd, \u0111\u00e1nh ngang mang tai m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddn b\u00e0 t\u00e9 d\u1ee5i xu\u1ed1ng th\u1edf \u00e8 \u00e8, ch\u00fa th\u1ea7y th\u1ea5y c\u00f2n th\u1edf l\u1ea5y dao r\u1ecdc mi\u1ec7ng, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft th\u1edf, li\u1ec1n l\u1ea5y dao c\u1eaft h\u1ecdng, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y c\u00e2y x\u0103m x\u0103m n\u00e1t m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddn b\u00e0, r\u1ed3i th\u00ec l\u1ed9t l\u1ea5y v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddn b\u00e0 \u1ea5y \u0111eo g\u00f3i l\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh v\u00e1c \u0111i b\u1ecf, song x\u00e1c n\u1eb7ng v\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng xong, m\u1edbi c\u1ed9t tay ch\u01a1n l\u1ea1i rinh \u0111i ra sau \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e9m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f9n cho m\u1ea5t t\u00edch. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea7y \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 \u0111em v\u00f2ng v\u00e0ng l\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddn b\u00e0 v\u00f9i d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f9n, t\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n ng\u1ed3i khoanh tay b\u1ecf t\u00f3c x\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng ng\u1ed3i b\u1ecf t\u00f3c x\u1ea3 khoanh tay, \u0111\u00e8n th\u00ec t\u1eaft, th\u00ec h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 t\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n ng\u1ed3i b\u1ed9 d\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m v\u1eady? r\u1ed3i \u0111i th\u1eafp \u0111\u00e8n th\u1ea5y m\u00e1u m\u1ee7 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m m\u00e0y m\u1eb7t, h\u1ecfi m\u00e1u g\u00ec? th\u1ea7y \u1ea5y m\u1edbi n\u00f3i: tao c\u1eaft c\u1ed5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i h\u1ecfi g\u00ec? v\u1ee3 nghe chuy\u1ec7n d\u1eef l\u00e0m v\u1eady th\u1ea5t kinh mu\u1ed1n la l\u00ean, n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eaft c\u1ed5? th\u1eb1ng ch\u1ed3ng nghe v\u1ee3 n\u00f3i l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfng th\u00ec n\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh hung n\u00f3i: \u00abtao c\u1eaft h\u1ecdng m\u1ea7y n\u1eefa\u00bb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ed3ng \u0103n hi\u1ebfp nhi\u1ec1u phen, th\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m d\u1eef v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec l\u00e0m thinh kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m nh\u1ec9 h\u01a1i, n\u1eb1m d\u00e0i ra b\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh nh\u01a1n s\u1ef1, r\u1ed3i t\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea3i \u0111i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi l\u00e0ng, th\u1eb1ng ch\u1ed3ng m\u1eafc l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1eafn r\u00fac <\/i>[l\u1ea5y m\u1ecf m\u00e0 xoi x\u1ec9a] ng\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean ch\u1ea1y v\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y ra ho\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t l\u00e1t c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eddn b\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft ch\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfm v\u1ee3, n\u00f3i v\u1ee3 t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f2i b\u1ea1c h\u1ed3i s\u1edbm t\u1edbi gi\u1edd sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y v\u1ec1? Th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i ch\u1ecb \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng sanh nghi kh\u00f4ng nghe, t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7y \u1ea5y gi\u1ea5u v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh, m\u1edbi \u0111i th\u01b0a v\u1edbi l\u00e0ng, l\u00e0ng t\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7y \u1ea5y m\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y thi\u1ec7t th\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e8 th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc gi\u1ebft v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh, ki\u1ebfm s\u01a1 s\u00e0i trong nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 th\u00ec th\u00f4i, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 r\u1ea7u r\u0129 ch\u1ea1y h\u1ecfi l\u1ed1i x\u00f3m th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i c\u00f3 nghe ti\u1ebfng la th\u1ec3 n\u1ea7y: \u00abt\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i g\u00ec sao m\u00e0 gi\u1ebft t\u00f4i\u00bb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi nghi quy\u1ebft cho th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc gi\u1ebft, v\u00ec c\u00e1ch n\u0103m b\u1ea3y b\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng th\u1ea7y \u1ea5y th\u00ec th\u1ea7y \u1ea5y c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2y l\u1edbn h\u1eb1m h\u1eb1m mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, may c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta can th\u00ec m\u1edbi th\u00f4i; l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con ch\u00f3 nh\u00e0 g\u1ea7n qua c\u1eafn heo th\u1ea7y \u1ea5y, th\u00ec th\u1ea7y \u1ea5y l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecdc r\u01b0\u1ee3t theo con ch\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2m con ch\u00f3 t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 n\u00f3, con ch\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecdc n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1ebft, th\u1ea7y \u1ea5y ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con dao l\u1ea1i ch\u1eb7t cho \u0111\u1ee9t l\u00eca c\u1ed5 con ch\u00f3 th\u00ec m\u1edbi th\u00f4i.<\/i><\/p>\n

V\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eddn b\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft c\u1ed5 l\u1ea5y t\u00edch \u1ea5y \u0111i th\u01b0a v\u1edbi l\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, l\u00e0ng c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 gan gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eefa x\u00f3m, song c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nghe l\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t v\u1ee3, cho d\u00e2n canh xa xa gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y th\u1ea7y d\u1eady h\u1ecdc k\u1ebbo c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u00e0 th\u1ea7y \u1ea5y tr\u1ed1n, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y s\u1ebd hay.<\/i><\/p>\n

Anh th\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y ra ch\u1ea1y v\u00f4 g\u1eb7p m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh h\u1ecfi, t\u00ednh tr\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb9m, m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f4i v\u00e0ng l\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddn b\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft c\u1ed5, l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 anh x\u1ea3 n\u00f3i thi\u1ec7t ra, xin cho anh x\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f4i v\u00e0ng \u1ea5y cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i tr\u1ed1n, anh x\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y v\u1eady, ch\u1ea1y \u0111i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00f4ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111em nhau t\u1edbi so\u00e1t nh\u00e0 anh th\u1ea7y, th\u1ea5y m\u00e0u m\u1ee7 b\u1eady b\u1ea1 l\u1ebfn b\u1eaft anh th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u0103ng l\u1ea1i; \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0ng \u0111i b\u00e1o quan cho l\u00ednh \u0111i b\u1eaft th\u1ea7y \u1ea5y th\u00ec th\u1ea7y \u1ea5y khai m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1, ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c b\u1ecf t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2u, h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf m\u00ecnh gi\u1ebft l\u00e0m sao, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea5u chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd giao vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 tam to\u00e0 h\u1ecfi ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y x\u1eed t\u00ean s\u00e1t nh\u01a1n \u1ea5y ra l\u00e0m sao, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ee3 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y. <\/i><\/p>\n

P. C\u0169a<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u00e1n m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt <\/i>v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea9y ra, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n<\/i> ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft: m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghe k\u1ebb s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n \u00abk\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i\u00bb, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00abnh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y\u00bb \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i. Ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00abt\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00bb ra. V\u00e0 \u00abt\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00bb l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u, c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Khi ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, kho\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 30 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a m\u1ea5y khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, tr\u1eeb v\u1edbi Nam Cao, trong Ch\u00ed Ph\u00e8o<\/i>, c\u00f2n V\u0169 Trong Ph\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i ph\u00f3ng h\u1ecda tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, P. C\u1ee7a vi\u1ebft: \u00abch\u00fa th\u1ea7y \u0111i v\u00e0o trong bu\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2y l\u1edbn \u0111i ra, l\u1eeba khi \u0111\u1eddn b\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00fd, \u0111\u00e1nh ngang mang tai m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddn b\u00e0 t\u00e9 d\u1ee5i xu\u1ed1ng th\u1edf \u00e8 \u00e8, ch\u00fa th\u1ea7y th\u1ea5y c\u00f2n th\u1edf l\u1ea5y dao r\u1ecdc mi\u1ec7ng, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft th\u1edf, li\u1ec1n l\u1ea5y dao c\u1eaft h\u1ecdng, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y c\u00e2y x\u0103m x\u0103m n\u00e1t m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddn b\u00e0<\/i>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc n\u1ecbch: m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, m\u1ed7i ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ee5ng \u00fd \u00e2m thanh \u0111an c\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c: \u00abt\u00e9 d\u1ee5i\u00bb, \u00abth\u1edf \u00e8 \u00e8\u00bb \u00abl\u1ea5y dao r\u1ecdc mi\u1ec7ng\u00bb \u00abl\u1ea5y dao c\u1eaft h\u1ecdng\u00bb, vv… ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ecdn \u00e2m nghi\u00e3 s\u1eafc nh\u1ecdn, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ef1 nh\u1eabn t\u00e2m t\u00e0n \u00e1c, l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

So v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng Qu\u1ea3n trong Th\u1ea7y Lazaro Phi\u1ec1n<\/i>, vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1887, sau \u0111\u00f3 20 n\u0103m, m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a, \u00abhi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u00bb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo, kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n r\u00f9ng r\u1ee3n: \u00abng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng ng\u1ed3i b\u1ecf t\u00f3c x\u1ea3 khoanh tay, \u0111\u00e8n th\u00ec t\u1eaft, th\u00ec h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 t\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n ng\u1ed3i b\u1ed9 d\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m v\u1eady? r\u1ed3i \u0111i th\u1eafp \u0111\u00e8n th\u1ea5y m\u00e1u m\u1ee7 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m m\u00e0y m\u1eb7t, h\u1ecfi m\u00e1u g\u00ec? th\u1ea7y \u1ea5y m\u1edbi n\u00f3i: tao c\u1eaft c\u1ed5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i h\u1ecfi g\u00ec? v\u1ee3 nghe chuy\u1ec7n d\u1eef l\u00e0m v\u1eady th\u1ea5t kinh mu\u1ed1n la l\u00ean, n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eaft c\u1ed5? th\u1eb1ng ch\u1ed3ng nghe v\u1ee3 n\u00f3i l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfng th\u00ec n\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh hung n\u00f3i: \u00abtao c\u1eaft h\u1ecdng m\u1ea7y n\u1eefa\u00bb.<\/i><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n s\u1edf h\u1eefu ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1eafc, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i tra t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1eafn r\u00fac<\/i> l\u00e0 g\u00ec, <\/i>v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea1i Nam Qu\u1ea5c \u00c2m t\u1ef1 v\u1ecb<\/i> ghi: r\u00fac<\/i>: l\u1ea5y m\u1ecf m\u00e0 xoi r\u1ec9a. V\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Paulus C\u1ee7a vi\u1ebft sai ch\u1eef c\u1eafn r\u1ee9t<\/i>, m\u00e0 c\u1eafn r\u00fac <\/i>t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u00e2m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u01a1n c\u1eafn r\u1ee9t<\/i> r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u0103ng<\/i>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, tra \u0110\u1ea1i Nam Qu\u1ea5c \u00c2m t\u1ef1<\/i> v\u1ecb<\/i> m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft tr\u0103ng <\/i>c\u00f2n nghi\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00f9m<\/i> v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00e3 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa [c\u00f9m, theo<\/i>].<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n r\u00f9ng r\u1ee3n: \u00abl\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con ch\u00f3 nh\u00e0 g\u1ea7n qua c\u1eafn heo th\u1ea7y \u1ea5y, th\u00ec th\u1ea7y \u1ea5y l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecdc r\u01b0\u1ee3t theo con ch\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2m con ch\u00f3 t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 n\u00f3, con ch\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecdc n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1ebft, th\u1ea7y \u1ea5y ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con dao l\u1ea1i ch\u1eb7t cho \u0111\u1ee9t l\u00eca c\u1ed5 con ch\u00f3 th\u00ec m\u1edbi th\u00f4i.\u00bb<\/i><\/p>\n

Paulus C\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111an c\u00e0i hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u: ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0y gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc<\/i> (\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c) v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft <\/i>(t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o), trong ba cung b\u1eadc kh\u00e1c nhau: gi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7 n\u1ee3, gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3, h\u0103m gi\u1ebft v\u1ee3, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 \u00ab\u0103n v\u1edbi th\u1edf\u00bb. Ch\u00ednh \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ea9y sinh s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1i d\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Cho n\u00ean, t\u00f4i coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn<\/b> qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/b><\/p>\n

Paulus Cu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u: Th\u1eddi \u00f4ng, ch\u01b0a ai vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i h\u01a1n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ng\u00f2i b\u00fat t\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Trong khi ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng: Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang ta<\/i>.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1895, v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i Nam Qu\u1ea5c \u00c2m T\u1ef1 V\u1ecb <\/i>(so\u1ea1n kho\u1ea3ng 1888-1893, in 1895), Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i cho n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam.
 <\/p>\n

(C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp)<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> L\u00e1 th\u01b0 n\u00e0y, in tr\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> th\u00e1ng1-1868 (s\u1ed1 1).<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Theo Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Chi, trong b\u00e0i Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o, <\/i>in trong K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd, <\/i>th\u00e1ng 12-2018 t\u1ea1i Nam California, do Ban t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, n\u0103m 2019, trang 37-43: \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1862, ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u00e1o Bulletin officiel de l’exp\u00e9dition de Cochinchine (Nam K\u1ef3 Vi\u1ec5n Chinh C\u00f4ng B\u00e1o) BOEC. <\/i>\u0110\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 7-1863, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng t\u1edd Bulletin officiel de la Cochinchine fran\u00e7aise<\/i> (C\u00f4ng b\u00e1o Nam Ph\u00e1p: BOCF). C\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. Ng\u00e0y 1-1-1864, ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1edd Courrier de Saigon<\/i> (T\u00e2y C\u1ed1ng B\u00e1o), n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u1ed1ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecdc Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y t\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng b\u00e1o<\/i> c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1edd b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Chi, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh b\u00e1o, <\/i>in trong K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd, <\/i>th\u00e1ng 12-2018 t\u1ea1i Nam California, do Ban t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, n\u0103m 2019, trang 37-43.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Chi, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh b\u00e1o,<\/i> in trong K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd, <\/i>trang 38-39.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Theo b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Gerdolle, v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c E. Potteaux b\u1ecb ki\u1ec7n trong Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o,<\/i> s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 1-5-1868.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Chi, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh b\u00e1o,<\/i> in trong K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd,<\/i> <\/i>trang 38-39.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Chi ghi t\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1edd b\u00e1o: Ernest Potteaux (4-1865 \u0111\u1ebfn 9-1869); Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd (9-1869 \u0111\u1ebfn 1872 hay 1873); J. Bonet (1872 hay 1873 \u0111\u1ebfn 1881); Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd (1881 \u0111\u1ebfn 1897); Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u (1897 \u0111\u1ebfn 1908); Di\u1ec7p v\u0103n C\u01b0\u01a1ng (1908 \u0111\u1ebfn 1909). Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i>, \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0m \u00abt\u1ed5ng t\u00e0i\u00bb, tr\u1eeb Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd v\u00e0 Jean Bonet.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> V\u00f5 Xu\u00e2n Qu\u00ea Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o \u1edf Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft<\/i> tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/i><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Chi, ghi: \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 31-12-1909 v\u00e0 V\u00f5 Xu\u00e2n Qu\u00ea ghi ng\u00e0y 1-1-1910. Hai ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hai \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u ghi nh\u1eadn Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o ng\u1eebng ra v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 12-1909, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 1-1910.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Vy, Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/i>, in tr\u00ean website: toiyeutiengnuoctoi.com<\/i><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o: S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-3-1866 (s\u1ed1 3) c\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/i> v\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00e1n b\u00f4ng<\/i> c\u1ee7a A. Burnel<\/i> (th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n), c\u00f3 tin \u00e1n m\u1ea1ng, tin ch\u00e1y nh\u00e0 … c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ee5ng.<\/i> S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-4-1866 (s\u1ed1 4), c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a P. C\u1ee7a<\/b> v\u00e0 Michel Minh. <\/i>S\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 1-5-1866 (s\u1ed1 5), c\u00f3 b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Joannes Li\u1ec7u<\/i> (tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi), Ph\u1ee7 Ca<\/i> (chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e2y b\u1eaft c\u1ecdp), P. C\u1ee7a <\/b>(chuy\u1ec7n c\u01b0\u1edbp, chuy\u1ec7n con gi\u1ed1ng cha, chuy\u1ec7n m\u00e0u da c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi) Thomas Nh\u1ecb<\/i> <\/b>(chuy\u1ec7n c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi). S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-6-1866, (s\u1ed1 6) c\u00f3 b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Joannes Li\u1ec7u<\/i> v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a P. C\u1ee7a<\/b>. C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-7-1866, (s\u1ed1 7) ng\u00e0y 1-8-1866 (s\u1ed1 8) v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 1-10-1866 (s\u1ed1 10), c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean. S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-12-1866, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i>, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n tin c\u1ee7a Paul Th\u1edbi<\/i>; <\/b>v\u00e0 c\u00f3 X\u00e0 n\u1ea1n truy\u1ec7n <\/i><\/b>(truy\u1ec7n Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i-Th\u1ecb L\u1ed9) c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ee7 Ba-T\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea3n v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft: C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 1-1867 (s\u1ed1 1), th\u00e1ng 2-1867 (s\u1ed1 2) v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 3-1867 (s\u1ed1 3) cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u tin v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 \u00abn\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n\u00bb \u1edf Cao M\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c [qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p] d\u1eb9p ngay. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean, tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i k\u00fd t\u00ean Ph\u1ee7, Ba-T\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/i> S\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 4-1867 <\/b>(s\u1ed1 4) c\u00f3 b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a P. C\u1ee7a. <\/b>S\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 5-1867 (s\u1ed1 5) c\u00f3 b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a: G.A Robert, A.Guisard, Chung.<\/i> S\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 6-1867, c\u00f3 b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a: Aldriens Lottin<\/i>, th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e0 Seyne [Seine, Paris] v\u00e0 b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Paulus C\u1ee7a.<\/b> S\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 7-1867, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean. <\/i>S\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 8-1867, c\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Petrus T\u00e2n. <\/i>S\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 9-1867, c\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a <\/b>T\u00e2n Petrus, Thomas Sanh, Alamel,<\/i> <\/b>th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n, P.Th\u1edbi. S\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 10-1867, vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n Qu\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ecbnh [Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ecbnh] sau Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u00e2m Tu\u1ea5t (1862), kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n l\u1eddi vua, \u00abl\u00e0m gi\u1eb7c\u00bb trong mi\u1ec1n Ph\u01b0\u1edbc L\u1ed9c, T\u00e2n H\u00f2a. S\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 11-1867,<\/b> c\u00f3 hai b\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c S\u00e0i G\u00f2n,<\/i> \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u00e1n m\u1ea1ng <\/b>\u1edf Kh\u00e1nh H\u1ed9i<\/i>, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, k\u00fd t\u00ean P. C\u1ee7a<\/b>. Hai b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong s\u01b0u t\u1eadp Gallica, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u00e0i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u00ean Paulus C\u1ee7a n\u1eefa; m\u00e3i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau, tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ra ng\u00e0y 10-7-1888 <\/b>(s\u1ed1 25), m\u1ee5c Th\u1ee9 v\u1ee5,<\/i> m\u1edbi c\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ng\u1ea3i, <\/i>k\u00fd Paulus C\u1ee7a, \u0110\u1ed1c ph\u1ee7 s\u1ee9. <\/b>S\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 12-1867, c\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 T\u00f2ng v\u00e0 Thuy\u00ean, hai con Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p, \u00abl\u00e0m gi\u1eb7c\u00bb, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi m\u00e0 \u00abki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o\u00bb, \u00abch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m l\u1edbn, g\u1ea1t d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n\u00bb, kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft: S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-1-1868 (s\u1ed1 1) m\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> in danh s\u00e1ch t\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p ph\u1ea1t v\u00ec gi\u00fap \u00abgi\u1eb7c\u00bb, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha thu\u1ebf v\u00ec gi\u00fap b\u1eaft \u00abgi\u1eb7c\u00bb [ch\u1eef \u00abgi\u1eb7c\u00bb \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p]. M\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> ghi l\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Quan L\u1ea1i B\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft cho Quan Nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thi c\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 Annam <\/i>(\u0111\u00e3 in l\u1ea1i \u1edf tr\u00ean).S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-3-1868 (s\u1ed1 3), m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> c\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a P. Th\u1edbi,<\/i> v\u00e0 v\u00e0i b\u00e0i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean.S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-4-1868 (s\u1ed1 4), m\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> ghi t\u00ean 12 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00fang tuy\u1ec3n k\u1ef3 thi l\u00e0m th\u00e0y d\u1ea1y \u1edf S\u00e0i g\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh<\/i>. M\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i>, c\u00f3 b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a P. Th\u1edbi, Minh, Gueldre<\/i>, th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean. S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-5-1868 (s\u1ed1 5) b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> in trong m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i>, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean. S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-6-1868 (s\u1ed1 6) m\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> ghi danh s\u00e1ch t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n n\u0103m 1867. S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-7-1868 (s\u1ed1 7) m\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i>, ghi danh s\u00e1ch t\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eadu l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc.<\/b> M\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p<\/i> v\u1ee5 <\/i>c\u00f3 b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Maynadi\u00e9<\/i>, th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n; Alamel,<\/i> th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n. S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-8-1868 (s\u1ed1 8) in danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 d\u1ea1y qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef ho\u1eb7c tr\u00fang tuy\u1ec3n k\u1ef3 thi d\u1ea1y qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef<\/b>. M\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> c\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Ngo\u1ea1n<\/i> <\/b>(k\u00fd l\u1ee5c) v\u00e0 Michel Minh.<\/i><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft: S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-2-1869 (s\u1ed1 2): m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. <\/i>S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-4-1869<\/b> (s\u1ed1 4): m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng ra b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n. <\/b>D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> ghi hai ch\u1eef T\u1eadp V\u1ee5<\/i>. <\/b>C\u1ea3 t\u1edd b\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c T\u1eadp v\u1ee5, <\/i>r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i, <\/i>do Aldricus lottin de la Peichardi\u00e8re,<\/i> th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 Annam k\u00fd. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i sau kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean. S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-6-1869 (s\u1ed1 3), d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i hai ch\u1eef C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5.<\/i> <\/i>S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-6-1869 (s\u1ed1 10) l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 hai ch\u1eef <\/i><\/b>T\u1ea1p V\u1ee5. <\/i>B\u00e0i m\u1edbi: Xem ra thu\u1edf tri\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 H\u1edbn <\/i>(s\u1eed) v\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i Ro B\u00ean Son<\/b> (Robinson Cruso\u00e9) \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean. <\/b>S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-6-1869 (s\u1ed1 11). C\u00f3 th\u00eam <\/i>m\u1ee5c Chuy\u1ec7n g\u00f3p <\/i>(k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a, chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ecdp h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi). \u0110\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp Chuy\u1ec7n tri\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 H\u1edbn<\/i>, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y k\u00fd t\u00ean C\u00f9ng. S\u1ed1 1-6-1869 (s\u1ed1 12), th\u00eam m\u1ee5c L\u1eddi rao.<\/i> C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i v\u0103n: Chuy\u1ec7n c\u0169 c\u00f3 \u00edch trong phong h\u00f3a <\/i>(truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 trong th\u00e0nh Athena), M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con tr\u1ebb gan d\u1ea1 <\/i>(chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean l\u1ea5y tay th\u1ecdc mi\u1ec7ng r\u00fat l\u01b0\u1ee1i ch\u00f3 s\u00f3i, c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi),<\/i> \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u0103ng h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i S\u00e1ch s\u1eed<\/i><\/b> <\/i><\/b>n\u00f3i d\u00f3n<\/i><\/b> <\/i>[t\u00f3m t\u1eaft] s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi vua trong n\u01b0\u1edbc Annam <\/i><\/b>(\u0110\u1eddi H\u1ed3ng-B\u00e0ng-Th\u1ecb), tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean, sau k\u00fd: T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ed1 1-7-1869 (s\u1ed1 13), tr\u00ean manchette \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i hai ch\u1eef <\/b>T\u1eadp v\u1ee5.<\/b><\/i> Nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o ng\u00e0y 1-7-1869 (s\u1ed1 14), ng\u00e0y 1-7-1869 (s\u1ed1 15), ng\u00e0y 1-8-1869 (s\u1ed1 5), ng\u00e0y 1-8-1869 (s\u1ed1 17) v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 1-8-1869 (s\u1ed1 18), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u1ed1 1-9-1869 (s\u1ed1 19), Potteaux k\u00fd t\u00ean l\u1ea7n ch\u00f3t: K\u1ebb l\u00e0m nh\u1ef1t tr\u00ecnh<\/i>, \u1edf cu\u1ed1i b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft: S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 24-10-1869 (s\u1ed1 23): M\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> c\u00f3 v\u00e0i l\u1ec7nh ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a Nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i. M\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> t\u1ecf r\u00f5 l\u00f2ng \u00abth\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n\u00bb c\u1ee7a quan Nguy\u00ean So\u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-12-1869 (s\u1ed1 28), M\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> ghi nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a So\u00e1i ph\u1ee7. V\u00e0 m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i Chuy\u1ec7n s\u00e1ch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc Annam<\/i>: <\/i>Nh\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n L\u00ea. Cu\u1ed1i t\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u00e0y ghi: L\u00e3nh th\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ef1t tr\u00ecnh<\/i>: G. Janneau.<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft: S\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 1-2-1870 (s\u1ed1 4), ph\u1ea7n C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i>, Nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i de Cornulier-Lugini\u00e8re, k\u00fd. Ph\u1ea7n T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t Chuy\u1ec7n s\u00e1ch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc Annam- <\/i>[Th\u1eddi L\u00ea \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e0nh].<\/i> S\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 16-2-1870 (s\u1ed1 5), b\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 2 trang<\/i>, m\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 <\/i>do Quan Th\u1ed1ng s\u00e1t l\u1ee5c t\u1ec9nh Nam lu\u1eadt \u00e1n v\u1ee5 Philastre k\u00fd v\u00e0 T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i>: Chuy\u1ec7n s\u00e1ch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc Annam<\/i>. S\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 24-2-1870 (s\u1ed1 6), kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 1-3-1870 (s\u1ed1 7), m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> c\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0y gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh: Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp Ch\u1ee3 l\u1edbn \u0110\u1ed7 H\u1eefu Th\u00e2n<\/i>, Th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n t\u1ea1i Tr\u1ea3ng B\u00e0ng, J.B.Tr\u00e0ng<\/i>, Gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp Kim<\/i>, Michel Minh<\/i>, Th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n Th\u1ee7 D\u1ea7u M\u1ed9t, P. Vi\u00ean, Thaddeus M\u01b0\u1eddi, <\/i>Gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp Nguy\u1ec5n Nghi Vinh<\/i>, Montpellier<\/i>. Chuy\u1ec7n s\u00e1ch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc Annam <\/i>vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 L\u00ea Long \u0110\u0129nh<\/i>. S\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 8 v\u00e0 16-3-1870 (s\u1ed1 8), m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a: B\u00ecnh H\u00f2a gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1ef1t C\u01b0\u1eddng<\/i>; Nh\u0129 h\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ninh<\/i>; Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp Nguy\u1ec5n V\u1ea1n Ninh<\/i>, H\u00f3c m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n L\u1eafm<\/i>, Th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n t\u1ea1i t\u1ec9nh [Bi\u00ean ho\u00e0] B\u00ecnh<\/i>; Thi\u1ec7n<\/i>, gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp h\u1ea1ng nh\u00ec. S\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 24-3-1870 (s\u1ed1 9) m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> c\u00f3 b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a: Gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp Ch\u1ee3 l\u1edbn \u0110\u1ed7 H\u1eefu Th\u00e2n<\/i>; Bi\u00ean Ho\u00e0, gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Kim, Andreas Minh<\/i>, Gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Tr\u1ea3ng B\u00e0ng, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n \u0110\u00ea<\/i>; \u0110\u1ed7 \u0110\u0103ng V\u1ecb<\/i>, Th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n B\u00ecnh<\/i>; Nh\u00ec h\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Gi\u1ea3<\/i>, Gi\u00e1o t\u1eadp Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n V\u1eadn,<\/i> Antoine H\u1ea1nh, Vua Ng\u1ecda Tri\u1ec1u<\/i>. S\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 1-4-1870 (s\u1ed1 10), v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec1: m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng in 4 l\u1ea7n<\/i>. M\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> c\u00f3 v\u00e0i b\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean, b\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 2 trang.<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> Tr\u00edch theo Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Chi, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd v\u00e0<\/i> Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o, <\/i>in tr\u00ean website: H\u1ed9i \u00e1i h\u1eefu Petrus Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh k\u00fd \u00dac ch\u00e2u. <\/i><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Vy \u00abGia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u00bb, <\/i>in tr\u00ean website: toiyeutiengnuoctoi.com<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Chi, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh b\u00e1o,<\/i> in trong K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd, <\/i>trang 43.<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft: S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 1-12-1883<\/b> (s\u1ed1 41) th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd<\/b>. B\u00e1o v\u1eabn ra m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n. M\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5, <\/i>Charles Thomson, Kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng (Gouverneur) Nam K\u1ef3 hi\u1ec3u d\u1ee5 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c vi\u00ean<\/i> (trong H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ea3n H\u1ea1t). B\u00e9liard l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i v\u1ee5. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/i> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u in nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ea3n H\u1ea1t. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tin t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd: 1- Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea3o h\u1ea1ch thi<\/i>: Ban gi\u00e1m kh\u1ea3o do \u00f4ng Silvestre, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Sau \u0111\u1ebfn Huc, th\u00f4ng ph\u00e1n, Garnier-Laroche, commis princical, P\u00e9trus K\u00fd, th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, Paulus C\u1ee7a, tri ph\u1ee7, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c vi\u00ean. Kh\u1ea3o h\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chasseloup-Laubat. 2- M\u1ee5c Ngo\u00e0i C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5 <\/i>vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p m\u1edf ti\u1ec7m h\u00fat nha phi\u1ebfn<\/i>. 3- M\u1ee5c Th\u1ee9 v\u1ee5,<\/i> t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c T\u1ea1p v\u1ee5<\/i> tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 K\u1ebb \u0111\u00e1nh xe m\u00e1y m\u1eafc<\/i> <\/i>l\u1ea7y, <\/i>k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea9y ra \u1edf b\u00ean Ph\u00e1p, d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00fd t\u00ean Di\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef: Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd<\/i>. 4- C\u00f3 b\u00e0i V\u00f2i r\u1ed3ng, gi\u00f3 tr\u00f3t,<\/i> <\/b>kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean. Cu\u1ed1i t\u1edd b\u00e1o, th\u1ea5y t\u00ean E. Potteaux tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, trong ba n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o ra ng\u00e0y 7-6-1887 (s\u1ed1 23) m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ean Potteaux n\u1eefa. S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 8-12-1883<\/b> (s\u1ed1 42), t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, m\u1ee5c Th\u1ee9 v\u1ee5<\/i> c\u00f3 b\u00e0i Th\u00fa v\u1eadt \u0111au b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch kh\u00ed, <\/i>k\u00fd t\u00ean Di\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd. <\/i>S\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 15-12-1883<\/b> (s\u1ed1 43) M\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> v\u00e0 Ngo\u00e0i C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n h\u1ebft t\u1edd b\u00e1o. M\u1ee5c Th\u1ee9 v\u1ee5<\/i> c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n ng\u1eafn t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 Con c\u00f2 qu\u1eafm<\/i>, k\u00fd: Di\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd<\/i>.<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp: S\u1ed1 b\u00e1o ra ng\u00e0y 26-3-1887<\/b> (s\u1ed1 13) c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u00e0nh cho C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i>. S\u1ed1 b\u00e1o ng\u00e0y 2- 4-1887 (s\u1ed1 14), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o 2 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch: Th\u1ea7y Lazaro Phi\u1ec1n<\/i> c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u1ecdng Qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch L\u1ee5c V\u00e2n Ti\u00ean<\/i> sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Bajot. [B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch L\u1ee5c V\u00e2n Ti\u00ean sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd (Po\u00e8mes populaires, no1- L\u1ee5c V\u00e2n Ti\u00ean truy\u1ec7n) in n\u0103m 1889, ra \u0111\u1eddi sau b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Bajot 2 n\u0103m.<\/i>] <\/i>S\u1ed1 b\u00e1o ra ng\u00e0y 9-4-1887 (s\u1ed1 15), v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 16-4-1887 (s\u1ed1 16), ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng v\u1ee5<\/i> v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c Ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng v\u1ee5; <\/i>d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1edd b\u00e1o v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ean E. Potteaux. S\u1ed1 b\u00e1o ra ng\u00e0y 7-6-1887 (s\u1ed1 23), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1edd b\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ean E. Potteaux <\/i>n\u1eefa. <\/i>C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 b\u00e1o ng\u00e0y 14-6-1887 (s\u1ed1 24); 21-6-1887 (s\u1ed1 25); ng\u00e0y 6-9-1887 (s\u1ed1 35); ng\u00e0y 13-9-1887 (s\u1ed1 35), \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> T\u00ean L\u1ecbch s\u1eed S\u00e0i g\u00f2n<\/i> do ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> <\/i>\u0110o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo: \u00abn\u00f3y<\/i> [n\u00f3i] \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 l\u1ea5i <\/i>[l\u1ea5y] cu\u00f4n <\/i>[qu\u00e2n] \u0111\u00e1nh cha v\u1ee3 m\u00e0 cha v\u1ee3 ng\u1edd n\u00f5 c\u00f2n thieng <\/i>[thi\u00eang] th\u00ec b\u1eafn. Ch\u1eb5ng ng\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t ph\u00e9p, m\u00e0 giach <\/i>[gi\u1eb7c] \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec ch\u1ea1i <\/i>[ch\u1ea1y] m\u00e0 con c\u1eeb <\/i>[c\u00f9ng] c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u01b0\u1ea1 theo cha m\u00e0 gi\u1eef ml\u1eddy<\/i> [l\u1eddi] ch\u1ea9v <\/i>[ch\u1ed3ng] b\u1ea3o li\u1ec1n l\u1ea5y L\u00e3o<\/i> [\u00c1o?] ng\u1eafn. B\u1ecf d\u1ea5u cho ch\u1ea9v<\/i> [ch\u1ed3ng] theo. Bua ch\u1ea1i<\/i> [ch\u1ea1y] \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n s\u00f4n <\/i>[s\u00f4ng] th\u00ec l\u1ea1y <\/i>[l\u1ea1i] g\u1ea1p <\/i>[g\u1eb7p] c\u00e1y <\/i>[c\u00e1i] r\u00f9a ng\u00e0i<\/i> [ng\u00e0y] tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho vuat<\/i> [vu\u1ed1t] \u1ea5y Lien b\u1ed5o r\u00e0n<\/i>g [li\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng] con B. \u1ea5y l\u00e0 giach <\/i>[gi\u1eb7c] xin B. gi\u00e9t <\/i>[gi\u1ebft], B. li\u00ean<\/i> [li\u1ec1n] giet con m\u1edby <\/i>[m\u1edbi] kh\u1ecfi giach<\/i> [gi\u1eb7c], n\u00e0ng \u1ea5y k\u00eau kh\u00f3c r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4y<\/i> [t\u00f4i] l\u00f2n<\/i> [l\u00f2ng] d\u1ea1y <\/i>[d\u1ea1i], nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddy <\/i>[ng\u01b0\u1eddi] v\u00ec <\/i>ch\u1ea9v [ch\u1ed3ng] cho \u0111\u1ea1o cha mu\u00f4n ph\u1ea7n, t\u00f4y xin. ch\u1ebft, m\u00e1u n\u1ea7i <\/i>[n\u1ea7y] bien <\/i>[bi\u1ebfn] ra h\u1ed9t tray <\/i>[trai] \u1edf ngo\u00e0y bi\u1ebbn \u0111\u1ea9v<\/i> [\u1edf ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o] ,n\u00e0ng \u1ea5y li\u00e8n <\/i>[li\u1ec1n] ch\u1ebft, th\u00ec <\/i>ch\u1ea9v [ch\u1ed3ng] theo ch\u1ea3ng <\/i>[ch\u1eb3ng] k\u1ecbp, th\u1ea5i <\/i>[th\u1ea5y] v\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, th\u00ec<\/i> <\/i>\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00eai <\/i>[\u0111\u1ea5y] th\u1ea5i <\/i>[th\u1ea5y] c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1ng <\/i>[gi\u1ebfng] s\u00e2u, th\u00ec l\u00f2n <\/i>[l\u00f2ng] th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee3, li\u1ec1n gieo m\u00ecnh xu\u00e1ng <\/i>[xu\u1ed1ng] m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i <\/i>[ng\u00e0y] c\u00f3 ay <\/i>[ai] \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9t tray <\/i>[trai] Kinh x\u1ea5u, th\u00ec l\u1ea5i <\/i>[l\u1ea5y] n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e1ng <\/i>[gi\u1ebfng] \u1ea5y m\u00e0 r\u1eeda, th\u00ec l\u1ea1y <\/i>[l\u1ea1i] trog <\/i>[trong] t\u1ed1t \u1ea5y l\u00e0 duien <\/i>[duy\u00ean] v\u1ee3 ch\u1ea9v <\/i>[ch\u1ed3ng] ng\u01b0\u1eddy \u1ea5i <\/i>[ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y] th\u00ec c\u00f2n trui\u00e8n <\/i>[truy\u1ec1n] \u0111\u1ebfn nay.\u00bb<\/i> (trang 133-134) b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee5p l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean Internet).<\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> \u0110o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo: \u00ab N\u00f3i \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 l\u1ea5y qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh cha v\u1ee3, m\u00e0 cha v\u1ee3 ng\u1edd n\u1ecf c\u00f2n thi\u00eang th\u00ec b\u1eafn, ch\u1eb3ng ng\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t ph\u00e9p; m\u00e0 gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec ch\u1ea1y, m\u00e0 con c\u0169ng c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a theo cha; m\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o, li\u1ec1n l\u1ea5y l\u00f4ng ngan b\u1ecf d\u1ea5u cho ch\u1ed3ng theo. Vua ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n s\u00f4ng th\u00ec l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p c\u00e1i r\u00f9a ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho vu\u1ed1t \u1ea5y. <\/i>[R\u00f9a] li\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: con Vua, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 gi\u1eb7c, xin vua gi\u1ebft. Vua li\u1ec1n gi\u1ebft con m\u1edbi kh\u1ecfi gi\u1eb7c. N\u00e0ng<\/i> <\/i>\u1ea5y k\u00eau kh\u00f3c r\u1eb1ng: t\u00f4i l\u00f2ng d\u1ea1i, nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec ch\u1ed3ng; cho \u0111\u1ea1o cha mu\u00f4n ph\u1ea7n, t\u00f4i xin ch\u1ebft, m\u00e1u n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn ra h\u1ed9t trai \u1edf ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng. N\u00e0ng \u1ea5y li\u1ec1n ch\u1ebft, th\u00ec ch\u1ed3ng theo ch\u1eb3ng k\u1ecbp. Th\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5y th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ebfng s\u00e2u, th\u00ec l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee3, li\u1ec1n gieo m\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y <\/i>[sau], c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9t trai Kinh x\u1ea5u, th\u00ec l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng \u1ea5y m\u00e0 r\u1eeda, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i trong t\u1ed1t. \u1ea4y l\u00e0 duy\u00ean v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u00ec c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn nay.\u00bb<\/i> (L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef<\/i> 1620-1659<\/i>, c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed7 Quang Ch\u00ednh, T\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch Ra Kh\u01a1i, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1972, trang 110-111).<\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> B\u00e0i Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean <\/i>c\u1ee7a <\/i>Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u1eadt Vy, tr\u00ean website: toiyeutiengnuoctoi.com<\/i><\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> T\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u00abM\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u00e1n m\u1ea1ng\u00bb<\/i> <\/b>do ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 khi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/em>, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd, T\u00f4n Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1eddng, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh K\u00fd, v\u00e0 g\u00e1n cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong t\u1edd b\u00e1o n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 cho Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/em> m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o, h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt; th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/em> c\u1ee7a Wikip\u00e9dia ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t ng\u00e0y nay, ghi r\u1eb1ng: Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh B\u00e1o<\/em> do Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd v\u00e0 Ernest Potteaux s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp, l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sai.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1108,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,153,9,163,181],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-103608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-lich-su","category-nghien-cuu","category-ton-giao","category-tu-lieu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103608","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1108"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=103608"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103608\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":103609,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103608\/revisions\/103609"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=103608"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=103608"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=103608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}