![\"\"](\"https:\/\/damau.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/THE-EYES-OF-MOON-AND-STARS.jpg\")
<\/a>M\u1eaeT TR\u0102NG SAO – The Eyes of Moon and Stars – Tranh PAULINA \u0110\u00c0M<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n
B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Da M\u00e0u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u00e0i Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef \u0110en C\u1ee7a Cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn Bi Th\u1ea3m<\/em>, \u0111\u0103ng ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 4, 2024. \u1ede \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ghi ch\u00fa \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0110au Kh\u1ed5 H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em>. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u0103ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 13 th\u00e1ng 3 c\u00f9ng n\u0103m, m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh b\u00e0i n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u0103ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp ho\u00e0 v\u00e0o t\u1eebng c\u00e2u, t\u1eebng ch\u1eef, t\u1eebng \u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n C\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn nh\u00ecn n\u00f3 t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1eeb ph\u00e1p<\/em>, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng v\u0103n xu\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u1eeb ph\u00e1p trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 \u201cword syntax\u201d[1]<\/a>. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Elisabeth Selkirk[2]<\/a>. Ph\u1ea7n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cKh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p\u2014t\u1eeb ng\u1eef k\u00e9p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh th\u00eam ph\u1ee5 t\u1ed1 ph\u00e1i sinh hay bi\u1ebfn t\u1ed1\u2014theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00fa ph\u00e1p, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ng\u1eef l\u1eabn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t sinh ra c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00f3\u201d.<\/em>[3]<\/a><\/p>\n Ngay t\u1eeb t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i phi\u1ebfm lu\u1eadn, Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1ee5ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i. \u00d4ng cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u1eef Hoa K\u1ef3 Jacqueline Susann, c\u00f3 nhan \u0111\u1ec1 Valley of the Dolls<\/em>, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Thung L\u0169ng B\u00fap B\u00ea, <\/em>ngay sau ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfng Anh. <\/em>Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng cho b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Xu\u1ed1ng Thung L\u0169ng B\u00fap B\u00ea Qu\u1ef7<\/em><\/a>. <\/em>T\u1ea1i sao l\u00e0 \u201cB\u00fap B\u00ea Qu\u1ef7\u201d, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u khi \u0111\u1ecdc h\u1ebft b\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ecdn danh t\u1eeb \u201cqu\u1ef7\u201d theo sau danh t\u1eeb \u201cb\u00fap b\u00ea\u201d, thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh t\u1eeb, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cqu\u1ef7 qu\u00e1i\u201d, \u201cx\u1ea5u xa\u201d, \u201ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1n\u201d, v.v. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa hai c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u1eef. D\u00f9 ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0o, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra hai danh ng\u1eef (noun phrase<\/em>): [b\u00fap b\u00ea qu\u1ef7<\/em>] v\u00e0 [b\u00fap b\u00ea qu\u1ef7 qu\u00e1i<\/em>]. Danh ng\u1eef th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac [danh t\u1eeb + danh t\u1eeb] (t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb k\u00e9p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, coordinative compound noun<\/em>), c\u00f2n danh ng\u1eef th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u [danh t\u1eeb + t\u00ednh t\u1eeb] (danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n, simple noun<\/em>, c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh dung t\u1eeb \u0111i theo). Danh t\u1eeb k\u00e9p \u201cb\u00fap b\u00ea qu\u1ef7\u201d h\u00e0m \u00fd \u201cnh\u1eefng con b\u00fap b\u00ea l\u00e0 qu\u1ef7\u201d hay \u201cnh\u1eefng con qu\u1ef7 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng b\u00fap b\u00ea\u201d, v\u00ec hai danh t\u1eeb c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 ngang nhau, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kia, hay A=B v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb mi\u00eau t\u1ea3, \u201cb\u00fap b\u00ea qu\u1ef7 qu\u00e1i\u201d, \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng con b\u00fap b\u00ea c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef7\u201d (m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 qu\u1ef7). Danh t\u1eeb k\u00e9p, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n v\u00ec v\u1eeba g\u1ecdn, v\u1eeba h\u00e0m s\u00fac; trong khi danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh dung t\u1eeb theo sau c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed9t t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 hay kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n Khi \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m ch\u1eef \u201cB\u00fap B\u00ea Qu\u1ef7\u201d ngay sau danh t\u1eeb \u201cThung L\u0169ng\u201d (m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef \u201cof\u201d trong ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, Valley of the Dolls<\/em>), Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t danh ng\u1eef ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, s\u00fac t\u00edch h\u01a1n, g\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ngay t\u1eeb t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n \u0110i v\u00e0o v\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n trong ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ng\u1eef kh\u00e1 l\u1ea1 m\u1eaft (v\u00e0 l\u1ea1 tai!). L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn b\u1ecf v\u00e0o trong ngo\u1eb7c k\u00e9p, r\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, r\u1ea5t ri\u00eang t\u01b0, r\u1ea5t \u201cNguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c\u201d: \u201cTay tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ebfu thu\u1ed1c, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u1ed1c ma t\u00fay. Tay ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ly r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u1ea1nh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t chai r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 tu. H\u1ecd \u201ctu phi\u00eau\u201d v\u1edbi Valium ho\u1eb7c barbiturates<\/em>\u201d<\/em>.<\/em><\/p>\n \u201cTu phi\u00eau\u201d! Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef ki\u1ec3u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e1n gi\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e1n non. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u201cVi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1\u201d (hay \u0111\u1ecdc theo ki\u1ec3u ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t) \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh \u201cto feel\u201d, \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00ecm c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c (m\u1ea1nh)\u201d ch\u0103ng? Hay \u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra (coining<\/em>) m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb k\u00e9p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac [\u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb + \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb], trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (l\u00e0 ch\u1eef thu\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t?), \u201ctu\u201d (\u201cu\u1ed1ng th\u1eb3ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i chai\u201d, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u), v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 ch\u1eef g\u1ed1c H\u00e1n \u201cphi\u00eau\u201d, \u98c4<\/strong>, v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a \u201cbay m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng\u201d, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u00e2ng l\u00e2ng khi d\u00f9ng ma tu\u00fd. Ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef trong \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng Anh giao duy\u00ean v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n. D\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u201ctu phi\u00eau\u201d \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t \u201c\u0111\u1eafc\u201d, r\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 d\u00ed d\u1ecfm c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft khi mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec7n r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8 thu\u1ed1c s\u00e1i.<\/p>\n B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 th\u00fa h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c vi\u1ebft: \u201cC\u00f3 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 v\u00ed nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i thu\u1ed1c r\u00ea v\u1ea5n tay nh\u01b0 l\u00e0n t\u00f3c r\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau, n\u00e2ng niu \u0111i\u1ebfu thu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ed3n v\u00e0o c\u00f5i m\u1ed9ng tr\u1eddi qu\u00ean!<\/em>\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Vi\u1ebft v\u0103n, l\u00e0m th\u01a1 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u00fd t\u1ee9, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u00e2m thanh, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, v\u00e0 l\u1ebd t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. So v\u1edbi \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Trong \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi b\u1ea3y n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c ph\u1ea9m tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u, thi\u00ean h\u00ecnh v\u1ea1n tr\u1ea1ng. Hu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 g\u00ec trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u1edbi c\u01a1 man n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u1eef, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 tha h\u1ed3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch, t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb ng\u1eef m\u1edbi, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef… kh\u00f4ng m\u1edbi m\u00e0 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f5i m\u1ed9ng tr\u1eddi qu\u00ean\u201d c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c trong tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5.<\/p>\n Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng vi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u201cch\u1eef ngh\u0129a trong t\u00fai \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ra d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng\u201d[4]<\/a>. Ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111ang vi\u1ebft, theo t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft, theo c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Ti\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ra nh\u00f3m ch\u1eef (m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng) \u201cc\u00f5i m\u1ed9ng tr\u1eddi qu\u00ean\u201d, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 trong gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n, \u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra, v\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ec1nh b\u1ed3ng, n\u1ed3ng say c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c \u0111ang \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u1eebng m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, c\u00f3 v\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac bi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabu, c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, \u201cc\u00f5i m\u1ed9ng tr\u1eddi qu\u00ean\u201d ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac [danh t\u1eeb\/danh t\u1eeb + danh t\u1eeb\/danh t\u1eeb]. \u201cC\u00f5i\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ctr\u1eddi\u201d th\u00ec r\u00f5 l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb r\u1ed3i. C\u00f2n \u201cm\u1ed9ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cqu\u00ean\u201d th\u00ec sao? \u201cM\u1ed9ng\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i danh t\u1eeb (nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 Tr\u1ea7m T\u1eed Thi\u00eang th\u00ec c\u00f2n hay b\u1ed9i ph\u1ea7n \u201c\u0110\u00eam \u0111\u00eam m\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1\u201d <\/em>[5]<\/a>). \u201cQu\u00ean\u201d, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p (\u201cEm c\u00f2n nh\u1edb hay em \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean?\u201d <\/em>[6]<\/a> ho\u1eb7c \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u01a1i, khi c\u1ed1 qu\u00ean l\u00e0 khi l\u00f2ng nh\u1edb th\u00eam…\u201d <\/em>[7]<\/a>); hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y ai d\u00f9ng \u201cqu\u00ean\u201d nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb, ngo\u00e0i V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng (1916-1976), nh\u01b0 thi s\u0129 d\u00f9ng \u1edf cu\u1ed1i \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u01a1 m\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn (\u201c… \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ed3n n\u00e0y v\u1ec1\/cu\u1ed1i t\u1eadn tr\u1eddi qu\u00ean!\u201d<\/em>)[8]<\/a>. C\u00f9ng l\u1eafm th\u00ec ch\u1eef \u201cqu\u00ean\u201d c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201cl\u00e3ng\u201d cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7n, nghe tr\u00f2n tr\u1ecba nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb k\u00e9p, nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i h\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn: b\u00e0i Rong Ch\u01a1i Cu\u1ed1i Tr\u1eddi Qu\u00ean L\u00e3ng<\/em>[9]<\/a>.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng… khi l\u00e0m th\u01a1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00fac vi\u1ebft v\u0103n, thi s\u0129 hay v\u0103n s\u0129 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cc\u1ea5p\u201d m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u201cgi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p\u201d (kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft do ai c\u1ea5p!) m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cpoetic license\u201d. \u201cGi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat, l\u1eafm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201coverride\u201d nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, bao h\u00e0m v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 ng\u1eef v\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. C\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac \u201cx\u00e9 r\u00e0o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef\u201d, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f2n… \u00fd th\u1ee9c, l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i mu\u1ed1n \u201cx\u00e9\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec \u201cx\u00e9\u201d!<\/p>\n Trong \u201cc\u00f5i m\u1ed9ng tr\u1eddi qu\u00ean\u201d, hai v\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i nhau kh\u00e1 s\u00edt sao. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u00fd, \u201cc\u00f5i m\u1ed9ng\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00f5i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 \u201ctr\u1eddi qu\u00ean\u201d c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u01b0 \u1ea3o; d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta xua \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n, \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, v\u1ec1 thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u, n\u1ebfu \u201cc\u00f5i m\u1ed9ng\u201d b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef b\u1eb1ng hai thanh tr\u1eafc [ng\u00e3\/ph\u00f9 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh + n\u1eb7ng\/tr\u1ea7m kh\u1ee9 thanh], th\u00ec \u201ctr\u1eddi qu\u00ean\u201d k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng hai thanh b\u1eb1ng [huy\u1ec1n\/ tr\u1ea7m b\u00ecnh thanh + ngang\/ph\u00f9 b\u00ecnh thanh], nghe ra du d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00eam \u00e1i. Nghe, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u201cphi\u00eau\u201d nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i kh\u00f3i \u0111ang lu\u1ed3n v\u00e0o t\u1eebng ng\u00f5 ng\u00e1ch trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i kh\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1edf ra, bay quy\u1ec7n v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian, l\u00e3ng \u0111\u00e3ng, m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 qu\u00ean.<\/p>\n C\u00e1i hay c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhu\u1ea7n nhuy\u1ec5n gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t danh ng\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u201cclich\u00e9\u201d, \u201cc\u00f5i m\u1ed9ng\u201d, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t danh ng\u1eef hi\u1ebfm hoi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u1eddi qu\u00ean\u201d, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t trong hai ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng (kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o\u2014m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 thi s\u0129, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia l\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c s\u0129), \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u00e0i phi\u1ebfm lu\u1eadn Xu\u1ed1ng Thung L\u0169ng B\u00fap B\u00ea Qu\u1ef7<\/em> b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng (m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ghi ch\u00fa l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n g\u1edfi g\u1eafm cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 Z nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean r\u0103n, \u0111\u1eebng sa v\u00e0o nghi\u1ec7n ng\u1eadp). Trong c\u00e2u \u00e1p ch\u00f3t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh t\u1eeb k\u00e9p th\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 \u00f3ng \u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u201cuy\u1ec3n di\u1ec5m\u201d. V\u1ec1 t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean, \u201cuy\u1ec3n\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cdi\u1ec5m\u201d l\u00e0 hai danh t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 hai lo\u1ea1i ng\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau. \u201cUy\u1ec3n\u201d l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ng\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh, g\u1ee3i l\u00ean n\u00e9t m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng; c\u00f2n \u201cdi\u1ec5m\u201d l\u00e0 vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i gi\u0169a cho nh\u1ecdn \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 vu\u00f4ng v\u1ee9c \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1y, t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1nh l\u00f3ng l\u00e1nh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb k\u00e9p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, \u201cuy\u1ec3n di\u1ec5m\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh t\u1eeb[10]<\/a>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u201cd\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u00f3ng l\u00e1nh\u201d. Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c vi\u1ebft: \u201c… \u0110\u1ec3 anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 em\/v\u1edbi l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn\/ k\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi uy\u1ec3n di\u1ec5m\/c\u1ee7a thi ca\u201d. <\/em>M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ng\u1eef (kh\u00e1 hi\u1ebfm hoi) r\u1ea5t tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t \u201cm\u1edf\u201d, m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3. L\u1eddi l\u1ebd trong thi ca, \u201cuy\u1ec3n\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 \u201cdi\u1ec5m\u201d ra sao, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 minh x\u00e1c, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t, trong c\u00f5i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n Tr\u1ea7n C. Tr\u00ed [1]<\/a> C\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi \u201ch\u00ecnh v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc\u201d (morphology<\/em>), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1ch c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00fa ph\u00e1p (syntax<\/em>). Khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eeb ng\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch song song v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa hai ng\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cmorphosyntax\u201d (hay \u201cc\u00fa ph\u00e1p-h\u00ecnh v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc\u201d). B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Da M\u00e0u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Nguy\u1ec5n Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u00e0i Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef \u0110en C\u1ee7a Cu\u1ed9c Chi\u1ebfn Bi Th\u1ea3m, \u0111\u0103ng ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 4, 2024. \u1ede \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ghi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2204,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,2740,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-101995","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chuyen-de","category-nguyen-tien-duc","category-nhan-dinh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101995","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2204"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=101995"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101995\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":102109,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101995\/revisions\/102109"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=101995"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=101995"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=101995"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n<\/strong>Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2024<\/em><\/p>\n
\n[2]<\/a> The Syntax of Words, Elisabeth Selkirk (1982), Cambridge (MA): MIT Press.
\n[3]<\/a> An examination of complex words\u2014compounds and those involving derivational and inflectional affixation\u2014from a syntactic standpoint that encompasses both the structure of words and the system of rules for generating that structure.
\n[4]<\/a> Theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin, nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Kho\u00e1t (1910-1993) \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 mi\u1ec1n Nam Tr\u1ecbnh C\u00f4ng S\u01a1n (1939-2001) nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cTr\u1ecbnh C\u00f4ng S\u01a1n vi\u1ebft d\u1ec5 nh\u01b0 l\u1ea5y ch\u1eef t\u1eeb trong t\u00fai ra\u201d<\/em>\u2014tuy c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 V\u0103n Cao (1923-1995). \u0110\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, Tr\u1ecbnh C\u00f4ng S\u01a1n n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1i t\u00fai n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a v\u01a1i \u0111i bao nhi\u00eau\u201d.
\n<\/em>[5]<\/a> Trong nh\u1ea1c ph\u1ea9m \u0110\u00eam Nh\u1edb V\u1ec1 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n<\/em>, s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c n\u0103m 1983.
\n[6]<\/a> Trong nh\u1ea1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ecbnh C\u00f4ng S\u01a1n (s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1982).
\n[7]<\/a> Trong nh\u1ea1c ph\u1ea9m S\u1ea7u L\u1ebb B\u00f3ng<\/em> c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 Anh B\u1eb1ng, s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1963.
\n[8]<\/a> B\u00e0i th\u01a1 Qu\u00ean <\/em>c\u1ee7a V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 trong t\u1eadp Th\u01a1 Say<\/em> (1940).
\n[9]<\/a> Nh\u1ea1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n (hay t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n?) v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1974 c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 Ho\u00e0ng Thi Th\u01a1 (1929-2001).
\n[10]<\/a> Trong h\u00ecnh v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u201cho\u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n\u201d (conversion<\/em>), trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ng\u1eef thu\u1ed9c T\u1eeb Lo\u1ea1i A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh T\u1eeb Lo\u1ea1i B.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"