{"id":101570,"date":"2024-11-08T08:15:00","date_gmt":"2024-11-08T08:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damau.org\/?p=101570"},"modified":"2024-11-18T20:06:51","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T20:06:51","slug":"lich-su-truyen-gio-v-chu-quoc-ngu-chuong-8-iii-cha-hien-cho-php-tu-do-giang-dao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/101570\/lich-su-truyen-gio-v-chu-quoc-ngu-chuong-8-iii-cha-hien-cho-php-tu-do-giang-dao","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n giáo và ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef – Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 8.III Chúa Hi\u1ec1n cho phép t\u1ef1 do gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o"},"content":{"rendered":"

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L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef<\/em><\/h1>\n

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Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 8<\/h2>\n

Vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh T\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n<\/h2>\n

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\"clip_image002\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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III \u2013 Ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ef1 do gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a L\u1eef Y \u0110oan<\/b><\/p>\n

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Xin s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc: Hai linh m\u1ee5c Mahot v\u00e0 Vachet th\u00e1p t\u00f9ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng to\u00e0 Lambert de la Motte, t\u1ee9c B\u00e9rithe trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1671-1672). T\u1edbi L\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 Mahot \u1edf l\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00f9ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1o L\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, Nha Trang, Nha Phu, \u0111\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong<\/i>. T\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1ed9i An 1672, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c phong cho linh m\u1ee5c Guyart [\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0ng Trong t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc] l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. Guyart qua \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0y 24-5-1673, t\u1ea1i Bau-nghe [B\u1ea7u Ngh\u1ec7] Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y nghi v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi, tr\u1eeb v\u00e0i d\u00f2ng t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Vachet.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1671-1672) c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1n v\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh, n\u00ean \u00f4ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch v\u00e0o l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n. Th\u00e1ng 7-1673, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng sau khi Guyart qua \u0111\u1eddi, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ph\u00e1i Vachet \u0111i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi Mahot (\u1edf L\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n) \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1edbi \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, <\/i>d\u00e2ng qu\u00e0<\/i> v\u00e0 th\u01b0<\/i> l\u00ean ch\u00faa, hy v\u1ecdng l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ch\u00faa s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p \u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0ng Trong.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n linh m\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Hainques \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0ng Trong n\u0103m 1665, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1667, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong<\/i>, t\u00ean th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 Joseph, 28 tu\u1ed5i, g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 Xi\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe phong linh m\u1ee5c[1]<\/a>. <\/p>\n

Cha Joseph qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1675 \u1edf Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean, theo l\u1eddi de Courtaulin, v\u00ec u\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u00abn\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c\u00bb[2]<\/a> (Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c \u00abn\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c\u00bb n\u00e0y \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi). Ba linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 cha Luc, cha Manuel v\u00e0 cha Louis \u0110oan. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh cha \u0110oan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t<\/i>, ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia ch\u1ec9 ghi t\u00ean th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Sau n\u00e0y, Paulus T\u1ea1o (trong b\u00e0i t\u1ef1a s\u00e1ch S\u1ea5m Truy\u1ec1n Ca<\/i>) t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ba linh m\u1ee5c l\u00e0: Joseph Trang, <\/i>(th\u1ee5 phong n\u0103m 1668 \u1edf Xi\u00eam, th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 1667), Lucas (<\/i>hay Luc) B\u1ec1n <\/i>(th\u1ee5 phong g\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1668) v\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c Manuel B\u1ed5n <\/i>(th\u1ee5 phong n\u0103m 1672).<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, khi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c cha, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Cha L\u1eef Y \u0110oan (Louis \u0110oan) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong linh m\u1ee5c n\u0103m 1676, khi \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng to\u00e0 v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0ng Trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai; hai n\u0103m sau, \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi (th\u00e1ng 6-1678) c\u0169ng v\u00ec u\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u00abn\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c\u00bb, theo th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a de Courtaulin. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong b\u1ed1n linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 hai cha b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft v\u00ec \u00abn\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c\u00bb n\u0103m 1675 v\u00e0 1678. Cha Luc B\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1684, kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh g\u00ec[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Hai linh m\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng t\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0ng Trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, l\u00e0 cha Manuel B\u1ed5n<\/i> (\u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi cha Mahot v\u00e0o Tri\u1ec1u, tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0 v\u00e0 qu\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c d\u00e2ng ch\u00faa n\u0103m 1673) v\u00e0 cha L\u1eef Y \u0110oan<\/i> m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e1 th\u01b0 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m vi\u1ebft thay cho Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, tr\u00ecnh ch\u00faa, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00faa thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng: cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea1o Gia-t\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong.<\/p>\n

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Mahot t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai cho Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng t\u00f2a<\/b><\/p>\n

Sau khi Guyart qua \u0111\u1eddi, Mahot tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n t\u00edn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Vachet t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong l\u1ea7n hai.<\/p>\n

Vachet t\u1eeb Xi\u00eam, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111i Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i. Mahot t\u1eeb N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n l\u00ean Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i g\u1eb7p Vachet. Nh\u01b0ng Vachet b\u1ecb \u1ed1m ph\u1ea3i \u1edf l\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i. Mahot \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Manuel B\u1ed5n t\u1edbi Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh [l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf Kim Long], d\u00e2ng qu\u00e0 v\u00e0 th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c l\u00ean ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft cho H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o (La propagande, \u1edf La M\u00e3), \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e1ng 7-1675, Mahot t\u00f3m t\u1eaft h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00abT\u00f4i l\u00ean Quang-nghia <\/b><\/i>[Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i] trung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c<\/i><\/b>, \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ef7 l\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p \u00f4ng Vachet, b\u1ecb \u1ed1m n\u1eb7ng t\u1eeb khi sang \u0111\u00e2y. Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 9-1673, \u00f4ng l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng (un capitaine d’un village) l\u00ean quan Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 <\/i>[Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i] t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a hai l\u00e0ng; vi\u00ean Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 n\u00e0y tham lam, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n n\u1ebfu b\u1eaft ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m t\u00f9 binh <\/i>[l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n \u0111ang c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea1o], n\u00ean \u00f4ng ta g\u1eedi l\u00ednh t\u1edbi hai n\u01a1i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5. Trong m\u1ed9t c\u0103n nh\u00e0, h\u1ecd b\u1eaft b\u1ed1n linh m\u1ee5c v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh l\u00fd \u0111em theo, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cha Rivas, D\u00f2ng T\u00ean, m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y h\u00f4m qua, \u00f4ng Vachet, v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Manuel <\/i>[B\u1ed5n] l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u00f4i <\/i>[Mahot], c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 hai h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2.[4]<\/b><\/a> <\/i><\/p>\n

L\u00fac b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, \u00f4ng Vachet v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ecdn l\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1edbi Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111em qu\u00e0 d\u00e2ng ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec Vachet \u1ed1m. Cha Manuel <\/i>B\u1ed5n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 hai h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2, b\u1ecb giam v\u1edbi qu\u00e0 c\u00e1p t\u1eb7ng ch\u00faa; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh th\u1ea3 Rivas v\u00e0 Vachet v\u00ec b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng. H\u1ecd giam ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u00e1u ng\u00e0y, tuy h\u01a1i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i n\u00e0o, nh\u1edd Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf che ch\u1edf.<\/i><\/p>\n

Cha Manuel <\/i>B\u1ed5n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i, t\u00e1o t\u1ee3n nh\u01b0 hai con s\u01b0 t\u1eed (hardis comme deux lions), ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng trong t\u00f9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi s\u01b0 s\u00e3i (les pr\u00eates des idoles) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi quan Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, cha Manuel<\/i> B\u1ed5n, h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ng\u1ee5y t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (la fausset\u00e9 des idoles, \u00fd n\u00f3i Ph\u1eadt, Kh\u1ed5ng, L\u00e3o) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch T\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4n th\u1edd v\u00e0 ca t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1o Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, quan Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng tra x\u00e9t g\u00ec c\u1ea3, th\u1ea3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ra, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ra l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9c hi\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o.<\/i><\/p>\n

V\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o Tri\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o, ph\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u00e1t h\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a quan Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 <\/i>[\u1edf Kim Long], m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf v\u00e0 uy\u00ean b\u00e1c. M\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u, \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n tra h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0ng Trong b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o. T\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf, \u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i phong c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t t\u1eed t\u1ebf: coi t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 em v\u00e0 \u00f4ng b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0m h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0o Tri\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3ng ng\u00e0y 15-10-1673<\/i>[5]<\/a>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi ph\u00f2 m\u00e3 [gendre du roi], ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch ngo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1eb7ng ph\u1ea9m d\u00e2ng ch\u00faa. \u00d4ng n\u00e0y mang ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t <\/i>[gh\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea1o] nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1ch s\u00e1ch g\u00ec c\u1ea3, nh\u1eadn qu\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00ecnh ch\u00faa, ch\u00faa cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 do \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ra l\u1ec7nh cho t\u00f4i \u0111i r\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c <\/b><\/i>[v\u00ec <\/i><\/b>ng\u01b0\u1eddi] mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0ng Trong.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u00faa che ch\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, ph\u00f2 m\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 theo l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, c\u00e1c quan l\u1edbn trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 tha cho nh\u1eefng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef, khi\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, sung s\u01b0\u1edbng<\/i>.<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 4 <\/i>[1674], t\u00f4i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh th\u0103m Ph\u00f2 m\u00e3, v\u00e0 xin \u00f4ng c\u1ea5p cho gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, \u00f4ng cho ngay; th\u00e1ng 7, t\u00f4i t\u1edbi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi <\/i>[Kh\u00e1nh Ho\u00e0], \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p hai cha D\u00f2ng T\u00ean, cha Ignace Baudet v\u00e0 cha Joseph Candone, hai \u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u00e2n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp, sau khi c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean th\u1ec7 tu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c <\/i>[T\u00f4ng t\u00f2a]. \u1ede \u0111\u1ea5y t\u00f4i c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c \u00f4ng de Courtaulin v\u00e0 Bouchard, v\u1eeba <\/i>[t\u1eeb Xi\u00eam] m\u1edbi t\u1edbi.\u00bb[6]<\/b><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

Mahot k\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp: \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi hai cha D\u00f2ng T\u00ean Baudet v\u00e0 Candone: trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m r\u01b0\u1ee1i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh ngay, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng to\u00e0. Hai gi\u00e1o s\u0129 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Cha Ignace r\u00fat v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9nh l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. Cha Joseph tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00fac s\u00fang [Jean de la Croix]. Mahot ph\u00e1i Bouchard tr\u00f4ng nom \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Kh\u00e1nh Ho\u00e0, v\u00e0 c\u1eed Manuel B\u1ed5n l\u00ean v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi B\u1eafc k\u1ef3.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p hai phe gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Ph\u00e1p-B\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Mahot kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh: Baudet r\u00fat v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn Nha Trang, Candone l\u00ean Hu\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf nh\u00e0 Jean de la Croix.<\/p>\n

De Courtaulin, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u1edbi t\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Pallu, s\u1ebd n\u1ed5i \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1m trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 (1674-1682): Th\u00e1ng 7-1674, de Courtaulin v\u00e0 Bouchard \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe g\u1eedi t\u1eeb Xi\u00eam sang, theo l\u1eddi de Courtaulin, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u1ec7nh Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111i quan s\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n ph\u00fac tr\u00ecnh. De Courtaulin s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n K\u00fd s\u1ef1 \u0110\u00e0ng<\/i> Trong, 1674-1682<\/i>. Qua b\u1ea3n k\u00fd s\u1ef1 n\u00e0y, ta bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a de Courtaulin, vi\u1ec7c tranh quy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi Mahot, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao Vachet, Mahot kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi de Courtaulin. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Mahot v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vatican phong ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng to\u00e0.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Gia-T\u00f4 v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0ng Trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai?<\/p>\n

L\u00e1 th\u01b0 Mahot vi\u1ebft cho H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o<\/i> La M\u00e3<\/i> m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, qu\u00e1 v\u1eafn t\u1eaft, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0 <\/i><\/b>v\u00e0 qu\u00e0<\/i><\/b> d\u00e2ng ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kh\u00e1c, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a Mahot \u0111\u1ebfn Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n III<\/b>, <\/b>ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Mgr Lambert de la Motte (1658-1675)<\/i>, in trong s\u00e1ch L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823 <\/i>c\u1ee7a Launay <\/i>(trang 123-132).<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n III n\u00e0y do m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p b\u00fat, d\u01b0\u1edbi nhan \u0111\u1ec1:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00d4. Mahot t\u1ea1i Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh – Nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 – L\u1ec5 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed<\/i><\/b> (M. Mahot \u00e0 la Cour – Travaux apostoliques – Bapt\u00eame d’un prince)<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng <\/i>ch\u1eef nh\u1ecf, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft: Relat. des miss. et voy. des \u00e9v. Vic. apost. \u00e8s ann. 1672-1675, p.145 (K\u00fd s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u00f4ng t\u00f2a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1672-1675, trang 145)[9]<\/b><\/a><\/i>. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111o\u1ea1n III<\/i> <\/b>n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Launay ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i trong cu\u1ed1n K\u00fd s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u00f4ng t\u00f2a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1672-1675, t\u1eeb trang 145.<\/i><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o trong s\u00e1ch Launay c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1a nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ghi l\u00e0 r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb K\u00fd s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u00f4ng t\u00f2a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1672-1675<\/i>.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, k\u00fd s\u1ef1, v\u0103n th\u01b0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a Mahot v\u00e0 Manuel B\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ebfn Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. <\/i>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p b\u00fat \u0111o\u1ea1n III<\/i> n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c trong H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n<\/i>, v\u00e0 ghi c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn \u00abnh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m\u00bb th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd cho \u0111\u1eddi sau. \u0110o\u1ea1n III<\/i> n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a Mahot v\u00e0 Manuel B\u1ed5n<\/i>, <\/i>\u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n th\u01b0 Mahot g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3, m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf tr\u00ean. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c cho in l\u1ea1i<\/b> (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p) l\u00e1 th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe g\u1eedi ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n<\/b>, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, ta m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eb3n th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng t\u00f2a c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0ng Trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. In l\u1ea1i l\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ch\u00fa \u00fd, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c g\u1eedi ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00edch d\u1eabn d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ec1u r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n III<\/i> n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u1eafn t\u1eaft l\u00e0 <\/b>\u00d4. Mahot t\u1ea1i Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh (M. Mahot \u00e0 la Cour).<\/i><\/p>\n

 <\/em><\/p>\n

Mahot v\u00e0 Manuel B\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ebfn Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i \u00d4. Mahot t\u1ea1i Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh (M. Mahot \u00e0 la Cour) <\/i>c\u00f3 gi\u1ecdng kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u:<\/p>\n

\u00abTr\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t th\u00ec gi\u1edd, c\u1ea7n l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ec7n \u00fd c\u1ee7a quan Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho s\u1ef1 vu c\u00e1o c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tung ho\u00e0nh, hai \u00f4ng Mahot v\u00e0 Manuel B\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh b\u1ecb \u1ed1m <\/i>[Vachet] \u1edf l\u1ea1i <\/i>[Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i] cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, h\u1ecd l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u00e0y 20-10 <\/i>[Mahot ghi kho\u1ea3ng15-10] l\u00f2ng r\u1ed9n r\u00e0ng vui s\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng<\/i>\u00bb.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, xin t\u00f3m t\u1eaft sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

Ngay khi \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i An, c\u00e1ch Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i hai ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e0o quan c\u1ef1u Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 [H\u1ed9i An] \u0111\u1ec3 xin gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp r\u1ea5t t\u1eed t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1eb7ng qu\u00e0 cho Mahot, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c, n\u00ean \u00f4ng g\u1eedi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n. B\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi [B\u1ed3?] mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a hai gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi H\u1ed9i An tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, n\u00ean khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn, \u00f4ng ta ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a quan Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 (B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Le Premier ministre, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc vi\u1ebft nh\u1ea7m, v\u00ec tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c T\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng). Trong khi ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, \u00f4ng Mahot b\u1ecb l\u00ednh canh g\u00e1c k\u1ef9, kh\u00f4ng cho giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec bi\u1ebft Manuel B\u1ed5n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft. \u00d4ng B\u1ed5n t\u1ee9c t\u1ed1c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 quan [c\u1ef1u] Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3. Quan Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn sai l\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111i v\u1edbi l\u00ednh c\u1ee7a quan Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3n \u00f4ng Mahot ra v\u00e0 th\u00e1p t\u00f9ng hai gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd t\u1edbi n\u01a1i [Kim Long] ng\u00e0y 27-10 [1673], <\/b>(Mahot ghi kho\u1ea3ng 15-10-1673) <\/i><\/b>v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e0o quan Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 Ph\u00f2 m\u00e3 (Premier ministre, Gendre du roi), ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c, tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0 v\u00e0 qu\u00e0[11]<\/a> c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u1eb7ng ch\u00faa. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 Ph\u00f2 m\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng v\u00ec \u00f4ng v\u1ed1n gh\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea1o Gia t\u00f4, ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i \u0111i v\u1eafng kho\u1ea3ng 10, 12 ng\u00e0y. Gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u1edf Hu\u1ebf [t\u1ee9c Kim Long, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd] \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin cha Mahot \u0111\u1ebfn, hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5. Nh\u01b0ng hai gi\u00e1o s\u0129 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng ch\u1edd quan Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 Ph\u00f2 m\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0129nh g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y quan Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 Ph\u00f2 m\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eb3n th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i \u00d4. Mahot t\u1ea1i Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh <\/i>vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp:<\/i><\/p>\n

“Th\u1ef1c v\u1eady, th\u01b0 v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng ch\u00faa ng\u00e0y 23-11. Hai ng\u00e0y sau, v\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho Mahot bi\u1ebft: \u00abCh\u00faa r\u1ea5t h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng, v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u1edf H\u1ed9i An l\u00e0 h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m dinh c\u01a1. <\/b>Ch\u00faa c\u00f2n n\u00f3i th\u00eam: Ta cho ph\u00e9p, kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i trong v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng Ph\u00fac \u00c2m cho gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb. <\/b>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 s\u1ef1 mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00faa c\u00f2n bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh, sai \u00f4ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 Ph\u00f2 m\u00e3 g\u1eedi th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn <\/i>[Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i] ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho \u00f4ng Vachet v\u00e0 ra l\u1ec7nh cho \u00f4ng n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o ch\u1ea7u.<\/i>“[13]<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

(En effet les lettres et les pr\u00e9sents des missionnaires ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 offerts au roi le 23 Novembre, ce ministre dit deux jours apr\u00e8s \u00e0 M. Mahot que Sa Majest\u00e9 les avait tr\u00e8s bien recus, et qu‘elle permettait \u00e0 l’\u00e9v\u00eaque de B\u00e9rithe non seulement entrer dans son royaume, mais m\u00eame de faire b\u00e2tir une \u00e9glise \u00e0 Faifo <\/b><\/i>[H\u1ed9i An], qui est le port le plus consid\u00e9rable de la Cochinchine, et une maison, o\u00f9 il verrait avec plaisir qu’il voulut faire sa r\u00e9sidence<\/i><\/b>. Il ajouta, qu’il permettait dans tous les lieux de son ob\u00e9issance le libre exercice de la r\u00e9ligion chr\u00e9tienne et qu’il consentait que l’on y pr\u00each\u00e2t L’Evangile, et que l’on instruisit la jeunesse.<\/b> C’\u00e9tait plus qu’on n’eut os\u00e9 esp\u00e9rer. Cependant ce prince, pour marquer la sinc\u00e9rit\u00e9 de ses intentions, avait outre cela charg\u00e9 le ministre son gendre d’envoyer des m\u00e9decins \u00e0 M. Vachet, avec ordre de l’amener \u00e0 la Cour aussit\u00f4t qu’il serait en \u00e9tat de d’y pouvoir para\u00eetre.<\/i>)[14]<\/a><\/p>\n

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L\u00e1 th\u01b0 \u00abm\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m\u00bb khi\u1ebfn ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i \u00d4. Mahot t\u1ea1i Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh (M. Mahot \u00e0 la Cour) <\/i>vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 sau:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u1ede Ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng qu\u00e0<\/i>[15]<\/b><\/i><\/a> v\u00e0 th\u01b0 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00faa b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng.<\/i> Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh g\u1eedi t\u1eeb Xi\u00eam v\u1ec1 <\/i>[H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai] c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n sao m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0, k\u00fd t\u00ean Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe,<\/b> vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n <\/i>[th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m] g\u1eedi vua \u0110\u00e0ng Trong<\/b>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e1 th\u01b0 n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh ch\u00faa nh\u00e2n danh \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe.<\/b> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch l\u00e1 th\u01b0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh ch\u1eef N\u00f4m <\/b>(l’original cochinchinois<\/i>], v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/i> s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00fat ph\u00e1p thanh nh\u00e3 trong ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb, m\u00e0 <\/b>\u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n qu\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u1ed7i ch\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh v\u0103n. \u00d4ng ta c\u00f2n n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng: \u0111\u1ec3 so\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh l\u00e1 th\u01b0 n\u00e0y, \u00d4. B\u00e9rithe \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00e0ng Trong m\u00e0 c\u00e1i gu (go\u00fbt) ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi gu ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/i><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o l\u00e1 th\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh ch\u1eef N\u00f4m\u00bb.<\/i>[16]<\/a> <\/i><\/p>\n

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Qua nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng, th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 h\u00e0m \u00fd, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i \u00d4. Mahot t\u1ea1i Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh <\/i>thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p l\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe g\u1eedi cho ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n. L\u00e1 th\u01b0 n\u00e0y do m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef N\u00f4m r\u1ed3i d\u1ecbch sang ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung l\u00e1 th\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Vatican cho n\u00ean c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft l\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho in b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft l\u00e1 th\u01b0 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u00d4. B\u00e9rithe \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/b> th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, <\/i>l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 <\/i>tr\u00e1nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb Vatican \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ra, nh\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi <\/i>n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1c c\u1ee7a cha L\u1eef Y \u0110oan<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch l\u00e1 th\u01b0 l\u1ea1i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng: \u00abb\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh ch\u1eef N\u00f4m <\/b>(l’original cochinchinois<\/i>], qua c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t<\/i> s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00fat ph\u00e1p thanh nh\u00e3 trong ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng <\/b>(dans sa langue) m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p<\/b>, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n qu\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u1ed7i ch\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh v\u0103n\u00bb.<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u n\u00e0y cho bi\u1ebft d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u<\/i>, n\u00ean qu\u00ean kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00e0 c\u00e2u \u00ab\u0110\u1ec3 so\u1ea1n l\u00e1 th\u01b0 n\u00e0y, \u00d4. B\u00e9rithe \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/b> th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc\u00bb <\/i>ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n thay ch\u1eef nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi <\/i>b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i>, <\/i>l\u00e0 <\/i>ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e1 th\u01b0 l\u00e0 ai, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e2u \u00ab\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c tinh th\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00e0ng Trong\u00bb.<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i: B\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh l\u00e1 th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef \u0110\u00e0ng Trong (t\u1ee9c ch\u1eef N\u00f4m) l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch, v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u n\u00e0y: \u00abti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n qu\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u1ed7i ch\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh v\u0103n\u00bb, <\/i>cho bi\u1ebft: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1 cao tu\u1ed5i v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u. Launay, trong ch\u00fa th\u00edch 2, c\u0169ng ghi: d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p<\/i>. <\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u: \u00ab\u0110\u1ec3 so\u1ea1n l\u00e1 th\u01b0 n\u00e0y, \u00d4. B\u00e9rithe \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c tinh th\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00e0ng Trong; m\u00e0 c\u00e1i gu (go\u00fbt) ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n \u00c2u ch\u00e2u\u00bb.<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i dung l\u00e1 th\u01b0: d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tinh th\u1ea7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/i> l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o Gia-t\u00f4 v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u00fd thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ch\u00faa<\/i> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan trong Tri\u1ec1u b\u00e3i b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea1o<\/i>. <\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Mahot l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Manuel B\u1ed5n l\u00e0 tu s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng B\u1ed5n tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i, gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n theo l\u1ed1i T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ed1ng Nghi l\u1ec5, m\u1ea1t s\u00e1t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, cho ph\u00e9p ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: <\/b>L\u00e1 th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte g\u1eedi ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef N\u00f4m, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi uy\u00ean th\u00e2m nho h\u1ecdc. D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p, cao tu\u1ed5i, h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng uy\u00ean th\u00e2m nho h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 sai l\u1ea7m: t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 L\u1eef Y \u0110oan \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 S\u1ea5m Truy\u1ec1n Ca, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hay ch\u1eef nh\u1ea5t trong v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c (Vachet).<\/i><\/p>\n

Ba s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n

1- \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c khi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0ng Trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i hai th\u00e1ng, l\u1eadp d\u00f2ng n\u1eef tu D\u00f2ng M\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1. <\/i>V\u00ec <\/i>Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai, do Hanques v\u00e0 Brindeau x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng \u0110oan, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u00ecnh th\u1ea7y \u0110oan \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y ch\u1eef N\u00f4m cho cha Hanques.<\/p>\n

2- Vachet t\u1eeb Xi\u00eam \u0111i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i th\u1ee9 hai cho Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eb3ng Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i. <\/p>\n

3- Mahot v\u00e0 Manuel B\u1ed5n t\u1eeb L\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n l\u00ean Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p Vachet. Mahot g\u1ecdi Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i l\u00e0 \u00abtrung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c\u00bb<\/i>. <\/p>\n

Ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng quy, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n

\u1ede Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2m hi\u1ec3u H\u00e1n, N\u00f4m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa, theo tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 S\u1ea5m truy\u1ec1n ca<\/i>?<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n: Khi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0ng Trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i hai th\u00e1ng, \u0111\u00e3 giao cho linh m\u1ee5c L\u1eef Y \u0110oan vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n. Vachet t\u1eeb Xi\u00eam \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eb3ng Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00abl\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u00bb. Mahot v\u00e0 Manuel B\u1ed5n t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng L\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n l\u00ean Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng \u0111em th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng may Vachet b\u1ecb \u1ed1m n\u1eb7ng n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u1edf l\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i. Mahot \u0111i v\u1edbi Manuel B\u1ed5n v\u00e0o Tri\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

L\u00e1 th\u01b0 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 xin t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, k\u1ef3 t\u1edbi, trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 L\u1eef Y \u0110oan, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung l\u00e1 th\u01b0<\/b><\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y xin t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y \u00fd ch\u00ednh. Th\u01b0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u:<\/p>\n

“C\u1ea7u xin Ho\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ea1n tu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00ecu d\u1eaft mu\u00f4n d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh an tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i sinh ra \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00c2u ch\u00e2u, c\u00e1ch xa v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, khi c\u00f2n \u1edf qu\u00ea nh\u00e0, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng r\u1eb1ng Ho\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00f2ng khoan h\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1c \u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c ra v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng Th\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1ee3ng…”<\/i>[17]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e1 th\u01b0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec5n du \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng to\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u00c2u sang \u00c1, c\u1ed1t \u0111em Ph\u00fac \u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng \u1edf v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 th\u01b0:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o ba l\u1ebd ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau k\u00ednh Tr\u1eddi<\/i>, t\u1ee9c Thi\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng (Roi du Ciel)<\/i>, uy l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i cao, t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ee9 hai, ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Vua<\/i>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ecb v\u00ec v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ee9 ba, ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n k\u00ednh M\u1eb9 Cha<\/i>, \u0111\u00e3 sinh th\u00e0nh ra ta.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Con \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Cha m\u1eb9, D\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vua, \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea5t<\/i>, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o Gia-t\u00f4:<\/p>\n

– T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi<\/i> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Gia-t\u00f4 m\u00e0 ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 trong b\u1ea3n N\u00f4m, \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef Tr\u1eddi<\/i>, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Roi du Ciel<\/i>, t\u1ee9c Thi\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng<\/i>, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i nghi\u00e3 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ky-t\u00f4.<\/p>\n

– T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00faa J\u00e9sus<\/i> m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Cha m\u1eb9<\/i> v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn l\u00e0m con; m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong Kinh th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf, l\u00e1 th\u01b0 tuy k\u00fd t\u00ean Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i theo \u0111\u00fang Nghi L\u1ec5<\/i> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n<\/i>, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00faa cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea1o Gia-T\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p v\u00e0o Tri\u1ec1u. <\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u01b0 n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng tinh th\u1ea7n Ky-t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u00f4ng khai nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed quan tr\u1ecdng<\/i><\/b>.<\/i><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Louvet kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam<\/i>, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i tho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e1 th\u01b0 v\u00e0 qu\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c g\u1eedi ch\u00faa, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft n\u1ed9i dung l\u00e1 th\u01b0 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u00f4ng “t\u1ea1o” ra m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 kh\u00e1c: th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a vua Xi\u00eam g\u1eedi cho ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0 sau:”…ch\u00faa nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0 v\u00e0 qu\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u01b0 vua Xi\u00eam vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u00ean nh\u1ee7 ch\u00faa <\/i>[ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n] v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7<\/i>” (…il re\u00e7ut la lettre et les pr\u00e9sents de l’\u00e9v\u00eaque, ainsi que la lettre, que le roi de Siam lui avait \u00e9crite pour lui recommander ce pr\u00e9lat<\/i>)[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Louvet mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i: ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n \u00abti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n\u00bb Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe nh\u1edd th\u01b0 khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a vua Xi\u00eam, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e1 th\u01b0 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe vi\u1ebft cho ch\u00faa v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng Louvet kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng vua Xi\u00eam kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00abrecommander\u00bb t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u00abkhuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o” ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec Xi\u00eam La \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t; v\u00e0 ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0 ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi. <\/p>\n

L\u00e1 th\u01b0 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u1edd n\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ea7n, v\u1ecb ch\u00faa th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh cho Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi: ch\u00faa cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea1o Gia-T\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng khai \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. <\/p>\n

Trong khi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Ph\u00e1p h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c hoan h\u1ef7, chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i Tin m\u1eebng<\/i> n\u00e0y, th\u00ec phe B\u1ed3 n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn, h\u1ecd nh\u1edd Jean de la Croix can thi\u1ec7p, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o v\u1edbi ch\u00faa vi\u1ec7c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte hai l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o l\u1eadu \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t: m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i n\u0103m 1669, v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n sau t\u1edbi \u0110\u00e0ng Trong n\u0103m 1671, trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hai b\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tranh, t\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1eadu \u00fd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n sau c\u00f2n ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u00abb\u1eaft c\u00f3c\u00bb nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111em v\u1ec1 Xi\u00eam h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de La Motte t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, may nh\u1edd linh m\u1ee5c Mahot ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh cho ch\u00e1u n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n<\/i>, v\u00e0 ph\u00f2 m\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi Mahot<\/i>, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c. V\u00ec th\u1ebf Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0ng Trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0ng, tr\u00ean t\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng gia.<\/i><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1o Gia T\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong<\/i>, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n (c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh tr\u1ed1n nh\u00e0 Thanh v\u00e0o l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t), ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sau khi ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u1eddi (1687), k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong kho\u1ea3ng hai, ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u1ec1 k\u1ef7 XVII. \u00d4. Ausi\u00e8s, ghi trong Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng Labb\u00e9 b\u00e1o tin cho bi\u1ebft: ch\u00faa [Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u0103n (1687-1691)] theo l\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ra l\u1ec7nh \u0111u\u1ed5i gi\u00e1o s\u0129 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1690[19]<\/a>. C\u00f2n theo L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1699,<\/b> ch\u00faa [Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Chu (1691-1725)] m\u1edbi ra l\u1ec7nh b\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111u\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o Hoa Lang (\u0111\u1ea1o Gia T\u00f4)[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Lambert de la Motte \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0ng Trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

K\u00fd s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u00f4ng t\u00f2a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1672-1675<\/i><\/b>, trang 340, <\/i>n\u0103m 1675, <\/i>ghi r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

“M\u1ecdi tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o g\u1ee1, \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe ra \u0111i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa v\u00e0 v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c l\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n ng\u00e0y 23-7-1675. Ng\u00e0y 25, t\u1edbi dinh \u00f4ng de Chandebois, \u0110\u1ee9c \u00d4ng c\u1eed h\u00e0nh th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5; hai \u00f4ng Mahot v\u00e0 Vachet l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 Saint Jacques le Majeur. B\u1ed1n ng\u00e0y sau, ng\u00e0i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 l\u00ean t\u1ea7u Ho\u00e0ng gia \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ti\u1ebfn nhanh nh\u01b0 l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mong mu\u1ed1n<\/i>“.[21]<\/a><\/p>\n

Sau chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Xi\u00eam, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c de Laval, \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 14-11-1676:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00abTh\u00e1ng n\u0103m v\u1eeba qua t\u00f4i t\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0ng Trong th\u00e2n y\u00eau c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i th\u0103m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 trung th\u00e0nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m vui kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00bb[22]<\/b><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho \u00f4ng Brisacier b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ni\u1ec1m h\u00e2n hoan c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh:<\/i><\/p>\n

Xi\u00eam, ng\u00e0y 16-11-1676,<\/i><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng v\u1eeba qua t\u00f4i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong y\u00eau qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn m\u1eadt th\u00e1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i t\u00f4i \u0111i \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i, v\u00e0o l\u1eadu \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft c\u00f3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3n t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i tri\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 cho t\u00f4i chi\u1ebfu th\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u1ec1 hay g\u1eedi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n.”<\/i>[23]<\/a><\/p>\n

Trong th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Laneau (cai qu\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ea1 ph\u1eadn Xi\u00eam) g\u1eedi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Pallu, ng\u00e0y 4-9-1678, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe cho bi\u1ebft:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00abM\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh cha Manuel <\/i>[B\u1ed5n], ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, trong s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i kho\u1ea3ng 2000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi; s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do <\/i>[t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o] r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong [\u2026] <\/i> <\/i><\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u00f4ng Chevreuil, Le Noir v\u00e0 Thomas, kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi n\u01a1i y\u00ean l\u00e0nh, v\u00ec h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft s\u01a1 s\u01a1 ti\u1ebfng <\/i>[Vi\u1ec7t] n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay, b\u1edfi v\u00ec tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng Bouchard <\/i>[\u1edf v\u00f9ng Kh\u00e0nh Ho\u00e0] \u0111i t\u1edbi Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i cho 200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn… nghe 2000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i<\/i>\u00bb[24]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong th\u01b0 g\u1eedi Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai, \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 20-10-1677, Vachet vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

“\u0110\u1ee9c<\/i> Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac ch\u00faa \u0111ang c\u00f3 tang con trai th\u1ee9 hai, ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u00faa th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u1eafm, m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng nay ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c. Ph\u00f2 m\u00e3 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 chu \u0111\u00e1o. Sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edfng <\/i>[Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Di\u1ec5m c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t s\u1edbm] ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t vui m\u1eebng th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c \u00d4ng v\u00e0 mong ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n b\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u00f4i <\/i>[Vachet] l\u00e0m th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n cho Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed.<\/i>“[25]<\/a><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe mang sang r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00faa ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc k\u00ednh nh\u00ecn g\u1ea7n. Theo Vachet, ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c<\/i> v\u00ec l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

“N\u1ebfu ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i l\u00e0m \u1ed3n \u00e0o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn,<\/i><\/b> nay ch\u00faa ch\u1ec9 g\u1eedi t\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m \u00e9cus ti\u1ec1n trong x\u1ee9, v\u00e0 d\u1eb7n quan th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n \u1edf l\u1ea1i hay \u0111i l\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 \u00fd. <\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c \u00d4ng ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf l\u1ea1i s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng \u1edf kinh \u0111\u00f4 v\u00e0 cho x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5p.<\/i><\/b> <\/i><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e0nh s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng \u1edf H\u1ed9i An, l\u00e0 h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0ng Trong n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd; t\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c, khi\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng t\u1ea3n m\u00e1t \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh.<\/i>“[26]<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, Louvet v\u1eabn b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft: “G\u1ea7n k\u1ebft th\u00fac vi\u1ec7c th\u0103m gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c xin c\u00f4ng khai y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn, trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1676. \u0110\u1ee9c \u00d4ng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 t\u1edbi cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, ng\u00e0i m\u1eb7c \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng tr\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u00e1o th\u1ee5ng ng\u1eafng tay. Trong l\u1eddi di\u1ec5n v\u0103n kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m \u01a1n ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 cho ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do th\u0103m con chi\u00ean v\u00e0 xin ch\u00faa coi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa, v.v…”<\/i>[27]<\/b><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 Vachet n\u00f3i: ch\u00faa cho ph\u00e9p Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0ng Trong nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp, v\u00ec l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, b\u1edfi ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n g\u00e2y th\u00eam hi\u1ec1m kh\u00edch, ganh t\u1ecb gi\u1eefa hai phe c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o: Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 B\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong \u0111\u1ec7 th\u01b0 l\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong th\u01b0 g\u1eedi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Pallu ng\u00e0y 16-11-1676, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

“Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u01a1n tr\u1eddi. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00faa cho quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do -b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n- ra v\u00e0o, ho\u1eb7c g\u1eedi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, tu\u1ef3 \u00fd.<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i <\/i><\/b>[\u0110\u00e0ng Trong] c\u00f9ng vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong t\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y,<\/i><\/b> l\u00e1 th\u01b0 r\u1ea5t v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, do ba linh m\u1ee5c n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba <\/i>[cha \u0110oan, cha B\u1ed5n v\u00e0 cha B\u1ec1n, cha Trang \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi] v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m l\u1ebb ch\u00edn th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y tu c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng k\u00fd t\u00ean. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng d\u1ecbch s\u00e1t nghi\u00e3; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t trong ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd.”<\/i> [28]<\/a><\/p>\n

L\u00e1 th\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef N\u00f4m n\u00e0y, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1eabn do L\u1eef Y \u0110oan vi\u1ebft [\u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 25-12-1676], l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do theo \u0111\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n<\/b>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe v\u00e0 L\u1eef Y \u0110oan.<\/p>\n

\"clip_image004\"<\/a> \"clip_image006\"<\/a><\/p>\n

L\u00e1 th\u01b0 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cha \u0110oan, cha B\u1ed5n, cha B\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng 109 th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong k\u00fd t\u00ean g\u1eedi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng, in trong L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 195-196.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Cl\u00e9ment X qua \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0y 22-7-1676. Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Innocent XI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y 21-9-1676, s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn l\u00e1 th\u01b0 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Phong linh m\u1ee5c cho L\u1eef Y \u0110oan v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a L\u1eef Y \u0110oan<\/b><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c phong linh m\u1ee5c cho L\u1eef Y \u0110oan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vachet ghi r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 phong n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a cha \u0110oan \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u00faa thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Gia T\u00f4. <\/p>\n

Vachet trong th\u01b0 g\u1eedi cho Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris, ng\u00e0y 20-10-1677, vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

“Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb s\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y (trong t\u1ec9nh Quang-nghia)<\/i>, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe phong linh m\u1ee5c cho \u00d4. Louis \u0110oan, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hay ch\u1eef nh\u1ea5t trong v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y.\u00bb<\/i><\/p>\n

(Au retour de cette mission (dans la province de Quang-nghia), Mgr de B\u00e9rithe ordonna pr\u00eatre M. Louis Doan, l’un des plus anciens cath\u00e9chistes et lettr\u00e9s du royaume.)<\/i>[29]<\/b><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 nghi\u00e3 l\u1eafm nh\u01b0ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i An v\u00e0 phong linh m\u1ee5c cho cha \u0110oan \u1edf H\u1ed9i An.<\/p>\n

De Courtaulin trong th\u01b0 g\u1eedi Lambert de la Motte, n\u0103m 1676, ghi th\u00eam:<\/i><\/p>\n

“Ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 Sinh Nh\u1eadt \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9, cha Louis c\u1eed h\u00e0nh th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Cacham <\/i>[K\u1ebb Ch\u00e0m, Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i] t\u1ea1i<\/i> nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con \u00fat (hay em \u00fat, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 cadet) trang ho\u00e0ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng 500 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u01b0u t\u00fa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y<\/b> (qui \u00e9taient l’\u00e9lite de toute cette province.)<\/i>“[30]<\/a><\/p>\n

Cha \u0110oan \u0111\u00e3 <\/i>quy t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u01b0u t\u00fa trong v\u00f9ng h\u1eb3n nh\u1edd t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a S\u1ea5m Truy\u1ec1n Ca<\/i>.<\/i><\/p>\n

S\u1ea5m Truy\u1ec1n Ca<\/i>, l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n di\u1ec5n n\u00f4m Kinh th\u00e1nh s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi phong t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 ng\u1ea7m, r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. <\/i><\/p>\n

S\u1ea5m Truy\u1ec1n Ca <\/i>b\u1ecb H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m, v\u00ec \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng to\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0ng trong Alexandris (1728-1738), g\u1eedi \u00f4ng Grouge n\u0103m 1731[31]<\/a> ra l\u1ec7nh t\u1ecbch thu s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, cho bi\u1ebft nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 S\u1ea5m Truy\u1ec1n Ca, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea5u di\u1ebfm l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb khi ra \u0111\u1eddi, kho\u1ea3ng 1670, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1731, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 trong h\u01a1n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7! T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u1ea5t cao, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c th\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 thu ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nho theo \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 8 ph\u1ea7n IV: L\u1eef Y \u0110oan v\u00e0 S\u1ea5m Truy\u1ec1n Ca<\/i>. <\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong linh m\u1ee5c, cha L\u1eef Y \u0110oan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u00abcon chi\u00ean gh\u1ebb\u00bb.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u0103m 1678, de Courtaulin ch\u1ec9 ghi v\u1eafn t\u1eaft:<\/b><\/p>\n

“Th\u00e1ng 6, Cha Louis, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec \u0111au b\u1ee5ng<\/i><\/b>“[32]<\/a><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 de Courtaulin \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch 5 gi\u00e1o s\u0129 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft v\u00ec u\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u00abn\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c\u00bb (xem \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi).<\/p>\n

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C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi linh m\u1ee5c L\u1eef Y \u0110oan qua \u0111\u1eddi, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n \u1edf Juthia (Kinh \u0111\u00f4 Xi\u00eam) ng\u00e0y 15-6-1679, v\u00ec r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3n, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 55.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Gayme, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u0103n s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft cho gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Sevin ng\u00e0y 27-10-1679:<\/i><\/p>\n

“… \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n ng\u00e0y 15-6 v\u1eeba qua… S\u1ef1 bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n l\u00e0 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1eb1n v\u1eb7t \u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t. Cho t\u1edbi hai th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i \u00fd \u00f4ng, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. H\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, trong h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng nay, ban \u0111\u00eam, thay phi\u00ean nhau canh g\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng \u00f4ng, v\u1edbi v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9a kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i bu\u1ed3n cho \u00f4ng. Trong ba m\u01b0\u01a1i, b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng \u0111i d\u1ea1o thuy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng khu\u00e2y kho\u1ea3 n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n. T\u1eeb khi \u00f4ng <\/i>[Sevin] \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh ba, b\u1ed1n gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 s\u0103n s\u00f3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c; t\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng s\u00e1u tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1ed1t d\u1eef d\u1ed9i. T\u00f4i cho g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng Geffrard v\u00e0 trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i canh g\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng \u00f4ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2. T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn 3\/4 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c em m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0, v\u00ec \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tin t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i cho \u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng, cho \u0103n, vv… Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00f4i m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch s\u0103n s\u00f3c v\u00e0 s\u1eed x\u1ef1 v\u1edbi \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng ch\u1ebft v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh r\u01b0\u1ee3u, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i phi\u00ean t\u00f4i canh g\u00e1c, h\u1ed3i 4 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng. \u0110\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ecbu l\u1ec5 ban th\u00e1nh th\u1ec3…<\/i> Kho\u1ea3ng t\u00e1m ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea5t, c\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m ph\u00fat l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i thay gi\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u00f4ng, cho t\u1edbi khi t\u00f4i g\u00e1c l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n thay gi\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eefa, s\u1ee3 \u00f4ng ch\u1ebft trong tay t\u00f4i; \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0o, trong v\u00f2ng 15 ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft.<\/i>“[33]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ba n\u0103m sau khi \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea1o Gia-t\u00f4 t\u1ef1 do truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte qua \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte, m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau cha L\u1eef Y \u0110oan, trong bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n, ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c sau 20 n\u0103m hy sinh cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, tr\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u1ed5i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nguy nan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh m\u1ec7nh; c\u00f3 g\u00ec b\u1ea5t nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m theo phe “ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng”, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tu s\u0129, t\u1eeb Hainques \u0111\u1ebfn Guyart, L\u1eef Y \u0110oan, \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Vatican ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t L\u1ec5 Nghi<\/i> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng. Hai gi\u00e1o s\u0129 tr\u1ebb n\u0103ng n\u1ed5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Guyart v\u00e0 Mahot, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, b\u00ed m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u1eaby l\u1eebng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 cao nh\u01b0 \u00abs\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p\u00bb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Pallu, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eeb B\u1eafc v\u00e0o Nam. <\/p>\n

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<\/b><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Mahot<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Guyart (1673), Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Mahot \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed thay th\u1ebf Guyart, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn Mahot kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn thay th\u1ebf Guyart<\/i>? Ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ea1 v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a de Courtaulin, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c: Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Mahot \u00e2m th\u1ea7m \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Guyart?<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1679, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe <\/i>m\u1ea5t \u1edf Xi\u00eam trong c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n. T\u00e2m th\u1ea7n kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i, \u1ed1m \u0111au, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u0129 n\u00e0o theo \u00f4ng ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u00f4ng, cho t\u1edbi khi \u00f4ng tr\u00fat h\u01a1i th\u1edf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

M\u00e3i t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1682, Mahot m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0110\u00e0ng Trong.<\/p>\n

Trong l\u00fac Mahot nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 th\u1ee5 phong \u1edf H\u1ed9i An, Vachet nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y: “To\u00e0n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng run r\u1ea9y khi qu\u1ef3 xu\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 <\/i>[Laneau] <\/i>(…) Trong su\u1ed1t bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ecd ch\u1ee9c \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong<\/i>[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Hai n\u0103m sau, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Mahot qua \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0y 1-6-1684, t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i An. \u1ede tu\u1ed5i 54.<\/p>\n

Theo Labb\u00e9, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qua \u0111\u1eddi, cha Mahot chia \u0110\u00e0ng Trong l\u00e0m hai: \u00d4. Forget cai qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn phi\u00e1 Nam v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh. \u00d4ng Labb\u00e9 cai qu\u1ea3n t\u1eeb N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n tr\u1edf l\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi phi\u00e1 B\u1eafc[35]<\/a><\/p>\n

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V\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Mahot<\/b><\/p>\n

Vachet vi\u1ebft:<\/i><\/p>\n

“Sau khi \u0111i th\u0103m c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh m\u00e0 hai \u00f4ng Forget v\u00e0 Ausi\u00e8s \u1edf, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Bide <\/i>[Bide l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Mahot] tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i An, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9. V\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00ea li\u1ec7t. V\u00e0 sau c\u00f9ng linh h\u1ed3n \u00f4ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5 \u0111au n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn l\u00f2ng khoan th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/i><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Bide m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u trong l\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Labb\u00e9, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng Ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, g\u1eedi \u00f4ng de Fresnet. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft:<\/i><\/p>\n

“\u00d4ng c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean n\u00e0y sang th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 6, ng\u00e0y L\u1ec5 Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 (F\u00eate-Dieu), h\u1ed3i b\u1ea9y gi\u1edd chi\u1ec1u n\u0103m m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n s\u00e1u tr\u0103m t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u01b0; \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft. Trong h\u01a1n t\u00e1m th\u00e1ng, \u00f4ng \u0111i ngo\u00e0i ra m\u00e1u, r\u1ed3i ra m\u1ee7 tr\u1eafng. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng r\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft \u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u00ea li\u1ec7t.<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 h\u01a1n t\u00f4i, ch\u1ec9 xin n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng thong dong, t\u1ef1 do, kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00f2ng d\u1ea1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: trinh b\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t K\u00fd s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 d\u00ecu d\u1eaft gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf, b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, sau khi \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp K\u00fd s\u1ef1 n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111i v\u00ec s\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/i><\/b> T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec l\u00fd do g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 mong \u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u00e2p K\u00fd s\u1ef1 cho ch\u00fang ta. Quan tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 Fumoy <\/i>[Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean] c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u00f4ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn: “\u00d4ng cha T\u00e2y n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng”. Quan tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n <\/i>[K\u00fd s\u1ef1] trong nh\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c.<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u1ea7m v\u00f3c trung b\u00ecnh, t\u00f3c v\u00e0ng s\u1ee3i nh\u1ecf, tr\u00e1n r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 cao, l\u00f4ng m\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, m\u1eaft xanh, m\u00e1 h\u00f3p v\u00ec s\u1ed1ng trai gi\u1edbi, m\u0169i h\u01a1i qu\u1eb7m, mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, r\u00e2u quai n\u00f3n tr\u1eafng x\u1ebb d\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1eb1m, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i, da \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u1eafng.<\/i><\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu vi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o s\u0129. \u00d4ng r\u1ea5t th\u00edch \u1ea9n d\u1eadt; ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i khi c\u1ea7n, \u0103n \u00edt v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c khuya, \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf tu\u1ed5i n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u01b0, hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau khi r\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/i><\/p>\n

Sau khi ch\u1ebft, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng v\u1eabn m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 linh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 l\u00fac c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng m\u1eb7c \u00e1o Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc ngai nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp s\u1eb5n. Gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4n ch\u00e2n \u00f4ng, nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n tay \u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n linh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng; h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3n \u1ea7m l\u00ean, r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng Th\u00e1nh. Khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn xem th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c \u00f4ng, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd l\u00e0 th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c ti\u00eam v\u00e0o […] m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111au n\u1eb7ng, ch\u1ec9 ch\u1edd ch\u1ebft…<\/i>“<\/p>\n

Vachet vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1m tang Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Mahot:<\/i><\/p>\n

“Ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0110\u00e0ng Trong c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1m tang long tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf. Quan Kinh L\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi ba con trai \u0111i d\u1ef1, khi\u00eang linh c\u1eefu Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. H\u01a1n 6.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 […] tay c\u1ea7m \u0111u\u1ed1c, c\u1ea7m n\u1ebfn, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean, \u0111i theo quan t\u00e0i ph\u1ee7 kh\u0103n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng […] Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc bao la v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con chi\u00ean kh\u00f3c \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 con kh\u00f3c cha<\/i>.”[36]<\/a><\/p>\n

C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Mahot l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y nghi v\u1ea5n sau c\u00f9ng, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Lambert de la Motte l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng t\u00f2a \u0110\u00e0ng Trong (1659- 1679), d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ea7n (1648-1687).<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p g\u1eaft gao trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p-B\u1ed3, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng t\u00f2a v\u1eabn th\u00e2u l\u01b0\u1ee3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, nh\u1edd Mahot, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c tin c\u1eady. <\/i><\/p>\n

Mahot \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft g\u00ec trong K\u00fd s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong<\/i>, khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: “\u00d4ng cha T\u00e2y n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng”,<\/i> c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec Mahot \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n quy lu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i c\u1ea5m Nghi L\u1ec5<\/i> c\u1ee7a Roma v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng? Mahot \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 m\u1ebfn y\u00eau k\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 Mahot c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 Hainques ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ch\u1ebft v\u00ec u\u1ed1ng “n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c”<\/b><\/p>\n

Sau khi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte qua \u0111\u1eddi (1679), de Courtaulin, mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u0129<\/i>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra thuy\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y: ch\u1ebft v\u00ec u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/i><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft: Hai linh m\u1ee5c Hanques v\u00e0 Brindeau b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1ebft \u1edf Qu\u00e3ng Ng\u00e3i cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1670. Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cha Joseph Trang, linh m\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1675 \u1edf Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean, v\u00ec u\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u00abn\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c\u00bb.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a cha Joseph Trang, de Courtaulin vi\u1ebft: \u00ab\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a cha Joseph \u1edf Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean: T\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 u\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c (l’eau malsaine), \u00f4ng<\/i> <\/i>ng\u00e3 b\u1ec7nh, v\u00e0 s\u00e1u ng\u00e0y sau \u00f4ng ch\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng Cha \u1edf N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ee3 t\u1eed.<\/i>\u00bb[37]<\/a><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1681, gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Thomas c\u0169ng ch\u1ebft v\u00ec \u00abn\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c\u00bb. De Courtaulin vi\u1ebft trong K\u00fd s\u1ef1 \u0110\u00e0ng<\/i> Trong, 1674-1682<\/i>, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Thomas nh\u01b0 sau:<\/i><\/p>\n

“C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00d4. Thomas<\/i><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ebft \u1edf Phu-moi <\/i>[Ph\u1ed1 M\u1edbi] ng\u00e0y 19-2-1681 <\/i><\/p>\n

“\u00d4.<\/i> Thomas, gi\u00e1o s\u0129, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c qu\u00fd m\u1ebfn trong v\u00f9ng t\u00f4i cho \u00f4ng cai qu\u1ea3n c\u00f9ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n coi \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 cha.<\/i> (…) <\/i><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i k\u1ecbp b\u00e1o cho \u00f4ng ta bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u00e0m cho to\u00e0n th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 co d\u1eadt kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp, v\u00e0 sau khi ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong v\u00f2ng s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft trong tay gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Bouchard, \u1edf gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh. \u00d4ng ta l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u0129 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c: \u00d4. Hainques, \u00d4 Brindeau, \u00d4 Guiart <\/i>[Guyart], Cha Louis ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00e0ng Trong <\/i>[L\u1eef Y \u0110oan] c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf<\/i>.<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u00d4. Mahot kh\u00f4ng n\u00f4n h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u00f4ng ta u\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. C\u00f2n t\u00f4i, khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i sai \u0111i l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5y n\u1eeda d\u1eb7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng (…). L\u00e0ng n\u00e0y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Chu nang <\/i>[?] thu\u1ed9c Bin-son <\/i>[B\u00ecnh S\u01a1n] t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i.<\/i>“[38]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef n\u00e0y, de Courtaulin vi\u1ebft th\u00eam: <\/i><\/p>\n

“N\u0103m 1680, x\u1ea9y ra vi\u1ec7c \u00d4. Thomas b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh do n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c g\u00e2y ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m; sau c\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng ch\u1ebft t\u1ea1i Fumoy<\/i> ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 Tro Th\u00e1nh (Cendres) <\/i>[19-2] n\u0103m 1681<\/i>“.<\/p>\n

Charles Thomas, sinh kho\u1ea3ng 1644 \u1edf Paris. \u0110i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y 8-7-1674. Ng\u00e0y 15-8-1677 Thomas \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Chevreuil[39]<\/a> v\u00e0 Le Noir, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. Thomas qua \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0y 19-2-1681 \u1edf Chu Nang, Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i.[40]<\/a><\/p>\n

Sau khi de Courtaulin r\u1eddi \u0110\u00e0ng Trong (1682) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u n\u1eefa: Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Mahot, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i m\u00e0 \u1edf H\u1ed9i An, n\u0103m 1684.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef1u trung, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a de Courtaulin tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 nghi\u00e3 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

– De Courtaulin ghi r\u00f5 hai cha Guyart v\u00e0 L\u1eef Y \u0110oan ch\u1ebft v\u00ec \u00abn\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c\u00bb, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, v\u00ec ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y ai n\u00f3i ra.<\/p>\n

– De Courtaulin x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u00eau t\u00ean, ch\u1ebft v\u00ec u\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea7m “n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c”, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c. <\/p>\n

– De Courtaulin \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecba danh \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, Phu-moi, Chu nang, Fumoy<\/i>. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba danh n\u00e0y, hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft: Hainques <\/i>v\u00e0 Brindeau,<\/i> c\u00f9ng ch\u1ebft \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch xa nhau, v\u00ec khi th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c, Brindeau mu\u1ed1n b\u00e1o cho Hainques bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp (xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 8 ph\u1ea7n II). Guyart qua \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t \u1edf Bau-nghe<\/i> [B\u1ea7u Ngh\u1ec7] c\u0169ng trong t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

Cha L\u1eef Y \u0110oan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft qu\u00ea \u1edf l\u00e0ng n\u00e0o. Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i cha \u0110oan s\u1ed1ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o “n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c” m\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng l\u1ea7m!<\/p>\n

V\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecnh c\u1edd m\u00e0 de Courtaulin “ngh\u0129 ra” r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u u\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i “n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c” m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n<\/i> hay \u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/i> ph\u1ea3i “che gi\u1ea5u” m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ra v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u00f4ng c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n<\/i> cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u1ebft v\u00ec thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng n\u00f3i tr\u00e1nh \u0111i l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea7m “n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c”. N\u1ebfu t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ch\u1ebft h\u1ebft c\u00f2n g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0: ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai v\u00e0 Vatican.<\/i><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 h\u1ecd, n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t s\u1ee7ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u00edt nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai.<\/i><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Mahot c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft g\u00ec trong t\u1eadp K\u00fd s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o<\/i>, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft? B\u1ea3n K\u00fd s\u1ef1<\/i> c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u00f4ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00f9ng Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean, Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh, cho n\u00ean quan tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp k\u00fd s\u1ef1, nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Labb\u00e9<\/i> k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u1edf tr\u00ean. V\u00e0 c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ai n\u1eefa? Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea9m b\u00e1o th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft?<\/p>\n

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S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o<\/i> d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ea7n<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3 (ba t\u1eadp) v\u00e0 B\u1eafc K\u1ef3 (m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp)<\/i> t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng g\u1ea7n 3.000 trang c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c Launay, in n\u0103m 1923, l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9, trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t, b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u in trong s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb V\u0103n kh\u1ed1 H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai (A.M.F), g\u1ed3m th\u01b0 t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n ph\u00fac tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u0129 g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, n\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i cao.<\/p>\n

Ri\u00eang h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 Pers\u00e9cutions<\/i> <\/b>ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o,<\/i> in trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c de La Motte<\/i> (1658-1679), d\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u1ec3u t\u1ef1a: S\u1ef1 b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n<\/i> 1663-1668, Ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o, Chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o, Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Xi\u00eam (Pers\u00e9cution 1663-1668, Actes des martyres, D\u00e9tails des actes des martyres, Journal de la Mission de Siam) <\/i>t\u1eeb trang 28 \u0111\u1ebfn trang 43, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/i><\/b>.<\/p>\n

Trong t\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u00e0y, Launay tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o t\u1ed9i \u00e1c pers\u00e9cution, <\/i>\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng La Tinh, c\u1ee7a ch\u00edn nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/i><\/p>\n

Chevreuil, Barth\u00e9lemy Dang, Hainques, Raphael Danh, Marthe Tlang, Antonius Voe, Chiro graphum Marthae, Anna Tom v\u00e0 Joseph Tho<\/i>. <\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 ch\u00edn<\/i> nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t<\/i> h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Hainques \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c<\/b>, nh\u01b0 ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u do linh m\u1ee5c Hainques [qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1670] so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o khi \u00f4ng \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u00e0 g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 Xi\u00eam, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Xi\u00eam (Journal de la Mission de Siam)<\/i> vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

“\u0110\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng t\u01b0 n\u0103m 1667, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa \u0110\u00e0ng Trong<\/i> \u0111\u1ebfn Xi\u00eam. Tr\u00ean t\u1ea7u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0ng Trong tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng Hainques, n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u00f4ng ta nh\u1eefng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea7y nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh y\u00eau \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi thay v\u00ec b\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3n Ch\u00faa.<\/i><\/p>\n

Xin b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 r\u1eb1ng: \u00d4ng B\u00e9rithe giao ph\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1673, cho \u00f4ng de Chamesson, qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p, \u0111em v\u1ec1 \u00c2u ch\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ebft \u1edf Golconde (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) n\u0103m 1674… nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Xi\u00eam, nh\u01b0ng Xi\u00eam ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 v\u00e0i m\u1ea3ng, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 n\u00ean c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 hay kh\u00f4ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f2n \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u00e0 khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd in ra, sau khi To\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd cho bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m \u1edf Xi\u00eam v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong trong v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eabn sau nh\u1eefng l\u1ec7nh nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb La M\u00e3 g\u1eedi cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng tin theo ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/i>“[41]<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i: Xi\u00eam nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Hainques n\u0103m 1667. Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe g\u1eedi <\/i>\u00f4ng de Chamesson \u0111em v\u1ec1 \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1673;<\/i> nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng de Chamesson ch\u1ebft \u1edf \u1ea6n \u0110\u1ed9 n\u0103m 1674. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 Xi\u00eam nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

May thay, \u1edf Xi\u00eam c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh (b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef N\u00f4m c\u1ee7a Hainques) v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng La tinh c\u1ee7a Langlois, nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Launay ghi l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, trong ch\u00fa th\u00edch s\u1ed1 1 trang 28: <\/i><\/p>\n

“Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0 n\u00e0y <\/i>[ces actes] do \u00f4ng Hainques th\u1ea3o ra b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t <\/i>[ch\u1eef N\u00f4m] trong hai n\u0103m 1666 v\u00e0 1667, theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng Langlois d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng La tinh n\u0103m 1672 \u1edf Xi\u00eam. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch g\u1eedi \u0111i Rome, b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf Xi\u00eam c\u00f2n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh <\/i>[ch\u1eef N\u00f4m c\u1ee7a Hainques], c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Langlois. Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Laneau giao cho c\u00e1c \u00f4ng de Courtaulin v\u00e0 Vachet, gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong xem l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho in l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh sau c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y<\/i>“.<\/p>\n

Launay cho in l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng La tinh nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Hainques vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef N\u00f4m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. R\u1ea5t may, t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, n\u00ean ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n n\u1ed9i dung, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

1- “T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng di h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Ignace Vang, Vincent Vi, Mathieu Ven, Damase Dao, Marthe Phuoc, Pierre Ky<\/i>“<\/b> (Etat des restes de Ignace Vang, Vincent Vi, Mathieu Ven, Damase Dao, Marthe Phuoc, Pierre Ky): B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn, c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00f4ng K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 Tr\u00f9m \u0111\u1ea1o. D\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00fd t\u00ean Antonius Hainques, missionarius apostolius. \u0110\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 3-1-1667.<\/p>\n

2- “Ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh cho S\u00e9bastienne de Souza v\u00e0 Lucies de Reuis b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Marthe Ph\u01b0\u1edbc” <\/b><\/i>(Gu\u00e9risons de S\u00e9bastienne de Souza v\u00e0 Lucies de Reuis par l’intercession de Marthe Ph\u01b0\u1edbc) K\u00fd t\u00ean: Petrus Langlois v\u00e0 Ludovicus. \u0110\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 6-1-1667.<\/p>\n

3- Hainques g\u1eedi Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1edd\u00ec t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o: Pierre Ki, Mathieu Ven, Vincent Vi, Marthe Ph\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i> <\/b>(Envoi \u00e0 Mgr Lambert de la Motte par M. Hainques de quelques ossements des martyrs Pierre Ky, Mathieu Ven, Vincent Vi, Marthe Phuoc. \u0110\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 8-1-1667.<\/p>\n

4- Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong<\/i><\/b> (Attestation par Mgr Lambert de la Motte de l’authenticit\u00e9 des proc\u00e8s apostoliques sur les martyrs de Cochinchine). \u0110\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 2-9-1673.<\/p>\n

Trong gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y, Lambert de la Motte x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi khai ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t (ch\u1eef N\u00f4m) c\u1ee7a Antonium Hainques v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch sang ch\u1eef La tinh c\u1ee7a Petrus Langlois l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 l\u1eddi khai ch\u1eef N\u00f4m c\u1ee7a Hainques v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a <\/i>Langlois sang ti\u1ebfng La tinh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang<\/i>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

– Hainques bi\u1ebft vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef N\u00f4m, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef N\u00f4m \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef Ph\u00e1p hay ch\u1eef La tinh, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u1edbi d\u1ee5ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u ch\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ebft th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y. <\/p>\n

– Trong gi\u00e1o khu Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef N\u00f4m.<\/i><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Chevreuil, Barth\u00e9lemy Dang, Raphael Danh, Marthe Tlang, Antonius Voe, Chiro graphum Marthae, Anna Tom v\u00e0 Joseph Tho. C\u00f3 nghi\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Langlois l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Hainques sang ti\u1ebfng La Tinh, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f2n k\u00fd t\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e0i:<\/p>\n

– Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong<\/i>. <\/b>T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Langlois x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Hainques, c\u00f3 ch\u1eef k\u00fd c\u1ee7a de la Motte l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/i>.<\/p>\n

– C\u00f2n linh m\u1ee5c Hainques, \u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi hai b\u00e0i:<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng di h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Ignace Vang, Vincent Vi, Mathieu Ven, Damase Dao, Marthe Phuoc, Pierre Ky<\/i>“. V\u00e0 b\u00e0i:<\/i><\/p>\n

Hainques g\u1eedi Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o: Pierre Ki, Mathieu Ven, Vincent Vi, Marthe Ph\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/i><\/p>\n

Hai b\u00e0i n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, c\u00f3 nghi\u00e3 l\u00e0 Hainques \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/i> t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00ean l\u00e0: Vang, Vi, Ven, Dao, Phuoc v\u00e0 Ky.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o: Vang, Vi, Ven, Dao, Phuoc v\u00e0 Ky,<\/i><\/b> <\/i>do Hainques ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng Hainques ghi t\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 di h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 Xi\u00eam.[42]<\/a><\/p>\n

Xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa: S\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 s\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/b>: Vang, Vi, Ven, Dao, Phuoc v\u00e0 Ky.<\/i><\/p>\n

Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi con s\u1ed1 s\u00e1u linh m\u1ee5c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Vatican t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1670 \u0111\u1ebfn 1684 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1ebft: Hainques, Brindeau, Joseph Trang<\/i>, Guyart<\/i>, L\u1eef Y \u0110oan, <\/i>n\u1ebfu k\u1ec3 th\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Mahot<\/i> l\u00e0 b\u1ea9y.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c trong s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam <\/i>c\u1ee7a Louvet<\/b><\/p>\n

Linh m\u1ee5c Louis-Eug\u00e8ne Louvet l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean -m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau h\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc Gi\u00e1p Th\u00e2n (1884)- \u0111\u00e3 cho in b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai trong cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u0103ng n\u00e0y. B\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 hai t\u1eadp mang t\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam<\/i> (<\/b>La Cochinchine Religieuse) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch, ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 “ch\u1ee9ng minh” s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam<\/i> <\/i>l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec5n chinh Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Louvet b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o s\u1ef1 \u00abt\u00e0n s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o\u00bb t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ch\u00faa Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Lan (1635-1648) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i Andr\u00e9 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o n\u0103m 1644 <\/i>c\u1ee7a Alexandre de Rhodes, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i quan tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 Qu\u1ea3ng Nam (l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u1ebf t\u1eed D\u0169ng L\u1ec5 H\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ea7n) b\u1eaft gi\u1ebft thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean Andr\u00e9 Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00abnh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00bb:<\/p>\n

“S\u1ef1 T\u00e0n s\u00e1t (Pers\u00e9cution) ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Hi\u1ec1n V\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed1i ng\u00f4i cha n\u0103m 1649, ch\u1ec9 r\u1eadp khu\u00f4n, t\u1ea1c l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 b\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta t\u1edbi 1686, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o,<\/b> d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh cho Ch\u00faa \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong.”<\/i>[43]<\/b><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 “t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u00e0n s\u00e1t” n\u00e0y, Louvet vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i<\/i> (1664-1665)<\/i> (La pers\u00e9cution redouble, 1664-1665)<\/i>[44]<\/b><\/i><\/a> trong \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ghi trong K\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a <\/i>Chevreuil<\/i> (xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7- Louis Chevreuil) r\u1ed3i th\u00eam th\u1eaft v\u00e0o, cho vi\u1ec7c pers\u00e9cution <\/i>tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 d\u00e3 man t\u00e0n \u00e1c, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng cho ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n “tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tham d\u1ef1”, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Chevreuil<\/i> ch\u01b0a d\u00e1m l\u00e0m, Louvet vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

“La pers\u00e9cution<\/i> k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m nay, \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean, n\u0103m 1664, gia t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u0103m kinh ho\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Hi\u1ec1n V\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/i> (…) <\/i><\/p>\n

Vua \u0110\u00e0ng Trong quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa, sai ba quan \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n \u0111i c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1o. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m v\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111en k\u1ecbt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i ra kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c x\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u00fang c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a, \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n, tr\u00e0ng h\u1ea1t, th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp con chi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u00f4ng quan n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi t\u00e0n hung, b\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee9ng c\u1ecfi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 Hu\u1ebf, b\u1ecf t\u00f9<\/i> (…).<\/i><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 22-12 <\/i>[1664], b\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o (quatre soldats chr\u00e9tiens) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc Hi\u1ec1n V\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ef1c v\u00ec t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, \u00f4ng ta t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi cung. Ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n \u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, t\u00ean l\u00e0 Pierre Dang kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3, c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng…”<\/i><\/p>\n

Louvet k\u1ec3 h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tham d\u1ef1, Pierre Dang n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0 b\u1ec1 t\u00f4i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, sau m\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u1ea7y t\u00f4i c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, truy\u1ec1n l\u1ec7nh ch\u00e9m ngay.[45]<\/a><\/p>\n

Louvet r\u1ea5t s\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e1 v\u00edu: \u00f4ng l\u1ea5y t\u00ean Pierre Dang trong b\u00e0i Barth\u00e9lemy Dang t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Pierre Dang (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn); r\u1ed3i th\u00eam th\u1eaft v\u00e0 x\u00e0o x\u00e1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n. Ri\u00eang m\u00e0n \u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n “m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ef1c, t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi cung” <\/i>th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u00abxu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang\u00bb \u1edf m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00abvi\u1ebft s\u1eed\u00bb .<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0n ba \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 b\u1ecb voi d\u00e0y, Louvet v\u1eabn ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Chevreuil, nh\u01b0ng s\u1eeda cho t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o h\u01a1n. Hai b\u00e9 trai, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Rapha\u00ebl v\u00e0 \u00c9tienne, c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 tu\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn). Lucie c\u00f3 th\u00eam t\u00ean cha l\u00e0 Pierre K\u1ef3, r\u00fat trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Hainques. Ra t\u00f2a, Louvet \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam b\u00e0 g\u00f3a Marine, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba xung phong xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebft. M\u00e0n voi d\u00e0y vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m. C\u1ea3nh h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. Louvet v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean chi ti\u1ebft: Chevreuil \u0111em \u0111\u1ea7u Lucie v\u1ec1 Xi\u00eam, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1 \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u00f4i nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb voi d\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n, Louvet kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u00e1t-x\u00edt nh\u01b0:<\/i><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec1n v\u01b0\u01a1ng, k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o.<\/i>[46]<\/b><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

Ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u01b0:<\/i><\/p>\n

“V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1663, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 th\u01b0 r\u1ea5t l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng n\u00e0y <\/i>[Marquez, Baudet, Fuciti] t\u1ea3<\/i> nh\u1eefng<\/i> b\u1ee9c tranh x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec1n V\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 12 n\u0103m nay.”<\/i>[47]<\/a><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng “l\u00e1 th\u01b0” nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris do Launay s\u01b0u t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1988, Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Ng\u1eef trong cu\u1ed1n B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0 Lan giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI, XVII, XVIII<\/i>[48]<\/b><\/i><\/a> <\/i>c\u00f2n “bi\u00ean t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i” Chevreuil v\u00e0 Louvet cho h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi “tinh th\u1ea7n” ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n

– \u00d4ng b\u1ecf h\u1eb3n c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ba \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 b\u1ecb x\u1eed voi d\u00e0y (v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec7n ch\u00faa cho x\u1eed voi d\u00e0y ba \u0111\u1ee9a nh\u1ecf).<\/p>\n

– \u00d4ng bi\u1ebfn c\u00f4 b\u00e9 Lucie, th\u00e0nh n\u1eef t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3, <\/i>t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

– \u00d4ng thay nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi v\u00f4 l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a Lucie, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p cho h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

– \u00d4ng cho Lucie l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Tr\u00f9m K\u1ef3, theo s\u00e1ch Louvet.<\/p>\n

– Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Ng\u1eef thay vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed voi d\u00e0y<\/i> b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u<\/i>. Ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t n\u1eef t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Lucie <\/i>(kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ebb con) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2u cho Chevreuil \u0111em v\u1ec1 cho Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean ban th\u1edd.<\/i><\/p>\n

B\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a s\u1eed gia l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Ng\u1eef vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c <\/i>cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 Pers\u00e9cution<\/i> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u00f4-g\u00edch, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 T\u1eeb c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1edbi s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o <\/i>m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Chevreuil v\u00e0 Louvet r\u1ed3i s\u1eeda cho h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i, Louvet gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u vua Minh M\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef:<\/p>\n

“Vua Minh M\u1ea1ng, s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng c\u00fa th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edf m\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0n s\u00e1t b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n, v\u00ec t\u00e0n \u00e1c n\u00ean sau n\u00e0y \u00f4ng ta x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u N\u00e9ron Annam<\/i>[49]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

H\u1eb3n v\u00ec Louvet \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd m\u1edbm cho nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u00e2u ng\u1ecdc, trong cu\u1ed1n Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Annam<\/i> (Cours d’Histoire Annamite)<\/i> in m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc (1875) nh\u01b0: “Minh M\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng, \u0111en t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 gian tr\u00e1”<\/i> n\u00ean \u00f4ng b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/p>\n

Sang th\u1eddi T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm xong Nam K\u1ef3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ra “t\u1ed9i tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp” c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u0103ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Louvet kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft: <\/i><\/p>\n

“16-12-1861, 401 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n b\u1ecb thi\u00eau s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 \u1edf Bi\u00ean Ho\u00e0.<\/i><\/p>\n

7-1-1862, 290 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, 106 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 50 tr\u1ebb con b\u1ecb thi\u00eau s\u1ed1ng \u1edf B\u00e0 R\u1ecba.<\/i><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 12-1862, hai m\u01b0\u01a1i gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n b\u1ecb ch\u00e9m \u1edf Ba Gi\u00f2ng, g\u1ea7n M\u1ef9 Tho.<\/i><\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng 20 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb n\u00e9m xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf G\u00f2 sam, 80 b\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i \u1edf Dat do <\/i>[\u0110\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ecf]; g\u1ea7n 100 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb v\u1ee9t xu\u1ed1ng gi\u1ebfng \u1edf Thom (thu\u1ed9c B\u00e0 R\u1ecba).<\/i><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi v\u00e0o con s\u1ed1 10.000, gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n b\u1ecb thi\u00eau s\u1ed1ng, d\u00ecm ch\u1ebft, gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft,<\/b> ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i, ch\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 trong t\u00f9, cho ba gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 1858 \u0111\u1ebfn1862<\/i>[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

V\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00e0o cho bi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng “th\u00f4ng tin” n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Louvet qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng, ng\u00e0y 9-5-1862, vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i k\u00fd ho\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc Gi\u00e1p Th\u00e2n[51]<\/a> v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t: \u0111\u1ec3 Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha t\u1ef1 do gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t. V\u1eady m\u00e0 \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1eadp danh s\u00e1ch di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c,<\/i> nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i<\/i> c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch d\u00e0i in trong cu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam<\/i>, t\u1eeb trang 489 \u0111\u1ebfn trang 493, t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1:<\/i><\/p>\n

Danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX<\/i> (Liste des martyrs qui ont vers\u00e9 leur sang en Cochinchine pendant le cours du XIXe si\u00e8cle) <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Louvet \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n Ch\u1ee9ng v\u0103n<\/i> (Pi\u00e8ces justificatives) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft “l\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o” c\u1ee7a Louvet – m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y tu n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ai nghi ng\u1edd- \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft<\/i> nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft s\u1eed<\/i> t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 V\u00f5 \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ea1nh, Charles Fourniau… c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00edch l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Louvet v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n, tr\u1ea3i ba tri\u1ec1u, Minh M\u1ea1ng, Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb, T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o<\/i> kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng.<\/i><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c Louvet ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb <\/i>\u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 s\u1eed gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i Louvet v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n t\u0103ng con s\u1ed1 l\u00ean g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i, th\u00ed d\u1ee5, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ebf Anh vi\u1ebft:<\/i><\/p>\n

“T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1848, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1860, t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 gi\u00e1o s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 100 gi\u00e1o s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t b\u1ecb x\u1eed t\u1eed. T\u1ea1i Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 15 gi\u00e1o s\u0129 ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 20 gi\u00e1o s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft. Hai v\u1ea1n gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n b\u1ecb t\u00e0n s\u00e1t hay b\u1ecb l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ea7y.”<\/b><\/i>[52]<\/b><\/i><\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

V\u1eabn theo “truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng” Louvet, s\u1eed gia Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ebf Anh kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u.
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(C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp)<\/em><\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1832, <\/i>quy\u1ec3n I, trang 62.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 170.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 326. <\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, Louvet trong La Cochinchine Religieuse<\/i> (\u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam)<\/i> vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: Vachet \u1edf nh\u00e0 b\u00e0 go\u00e1 Lucie K\u1ef3<\/i> b\u1ecb l\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eaft, \u00f4ng \u0111ang \u1ed1m v\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn<\/i> v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbp h\u1ebft h\u00e0nh l\u00fd<\/i>. Luce<\/i> l\u00e0 t\u00ean b\u00e0 go\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng to\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu thu\u1ed9c D\u00f2ng M\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1,<\/i> khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0ng Trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (xem k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc). Louvet b\u1ecba chuy\u1ec7n Vachet b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn<\/i> v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean b\u00e0 Luce<\/i> th\u00e0nh Lucie<\/i>, l\u00e0 t\u00ean b\u00e9 g\u00e1i t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Chevreuil s\u00e1ng <\/i>ch\u1ebf (xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7: Louis Chevreuil), r\u1ed3i gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi t\u00ean \u00f4ng K\u1ef3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng Tr\u00f9m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha Hainques x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o (Louvet, \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam<\/i>, quy\u1ec3n I, trang 297.) Sau n\u00e0y Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Ng\u1eef s\u1ebd cho Lucie tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh con g\u00e1i \u00f4ng K\u1ef3<\/i>.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Trong <\/i>b\u00e0i \u00d4. Mahot t\u1ea1i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh,<\/i> s\u1ebd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi, ghi ng\u00e0y <\/b>27-10-1673 \u0111\u1ebfn Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 23-11-1673 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0 v\u00e0 qu\u00e0 l\u00ean ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> M. Mahot \u00e0 la Propagande <\/i>(Th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u00d4. Mahot g\u1eedi H\u1ed9i Tuy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o<\/i>) A.M.E., Vol 734, trang 90, in l\u1ea1i trong L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 122-123.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> <\/i>Th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u00d4. Mahot g\u1eedi H\u1ed9i Tuy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 123.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed Bouchard v\u00e0 de Courtaulin:<\/i><\/p>\n

Gabriel Bouchard <\/i>sinh kho\u1ea3ng 1636, trong gi\u00e1o khu Lisieux. Xong trung h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111i Paris h\u1ecdc tri\u1ebft. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi \u00d4. Fran\u00e7ois Savry, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho Bouchard b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eeba sai. Bouchad \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y 8-11-1665, kh\u00f4ng cho ai bi\u1ebft. 1669 \u0111\u1ebfn Xi\u00eam. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong th\u00e1ng 7-1674, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi de Courtaulin. Qua \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i An ng\u00e0y 14-2-1682 (L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, <\/i>Launay I, trang 132). Bouchard \u1edf l\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Kh\u00e1nh Ho\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi qua \u0111\u1eddi.<\/i><\/p>\n

Jean de Maguelonne de Courtaulin<\/i> sinh t\u1ea1i Limoux (Aude) kho\u1ea3ng 1635, 1637, anh c\u1ea3 26 ng\u01b0\u1eddi em c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eb9. Cha l\u00e0 Nam t\u01b0\u1edbc Saint-Benoit, thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. Sau khi h\u1ecdc xong \u1edf Toulouse, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha g\u1eedi l\u00ean ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Saint-Sulpice \u1edf Paris. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh, n\u0103ng n\u1ed5, s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Pallu, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 khen ng\u1ee3i. \u0110i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y 3-2-1670 (Launay I, trang 133). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft k\u00fd s\u1ef1 khoe khoang, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Courtaulin sau n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111em d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i \u1edf H\u1ed9i An, Vachet v\u00e0 Mahot h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, sau v\u00ec l\u00f4i th\u00f4i v\u1edbi phe nh\u00e0 ch\u00f9a v\u00e0 phe B\u1ed5, n\u00ean b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i r\u1ee1 \u0111i. <\/i>(Launay I, trang 162-163). N\u0103m 1682, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Pallu \u0111\u1ebfn Xi\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, de Courtaulin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u0111i th\u00e1p t\u00f9ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c trong chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ecb g\u1eedi tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 Xi\u00eam, r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p. \u00d4ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai n\u0103m 1685 (Launay I, trang 133).<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> In trong L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823,<\/i> Launay, I, trang 123-129.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 123.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng ch\u00faa g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh san h\u00f4 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng Venise nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e3 n\u00e3o, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 b\u00e1o th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1c, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt hi\u1ebfm qu\u00fd kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u. (Theo L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, I<\/i>, ch\u00fa th\u00edch 1, trang 125, Launay ch\u00e9p theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Vachet).<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 123, 124, 125.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 125.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> M. Mahot \u00e0 la Cour-Travaux apostoliques- Bapt\u00eame d’un prince (Mahot t\u1ea1i Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh- Nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3- L\u1ec5 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i cho m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed)<\/i> in trong L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 125.<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> Qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng ch\u00faa g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh san h\u00f4 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng Venise nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e3 n\u00e3o, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 b\u00e1o th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1c, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt hi\u1ebfm qu\u00fd kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u. (Theo L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, I<\/i>, ch\u00fa th\u00edch 1, trang 125, Launay ch\u00e9p theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Vachet) <\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, I<\/i>, trang 125. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p l\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe g\u1eedi Chu\u00e1 Hi\u1ec1n in trong s\u00e1ch L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823 <\/i>Launay I, trang 125-128.<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 125-126.<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> Louvet, \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01b0\u00f3c Nam, <\/i>quy\u1ec3n I, trang 302.<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> Ausi\u00e8s, Journal de l’ann\u00e9e 1690<\/i>, in trong L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 350.<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n, Ph\u1ee7 bi\u00ean t\u1ea1p l\u1ee5c<\/i>, trang 64. <\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 177.<\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 198.<\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 177.<\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 212. <\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 179.<\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1832, <\/i>Launay I, trang 186-187.<\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> Louvet, \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam,<\/i> cu\u1ed1n I, trang 303-304.<\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 194.<\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 197.<\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 197. <\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay II, trang 11. <\/p>\n

[32]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 237.<\/p>\n

[33]<\/a> Th\u01b0 Gayme g\u1eedi cho Sevin ng\u00e0y 27-10-1679, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1832, <\/i>Launay I, trang 237.<\/p>\n

[34]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 271-272.<\/p>\n

[35]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 362.<\/p>\n

[36]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 324-326.<\/p>\n

[37]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 170. <\/p>\n

[38]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 256. <\/p>\n

[39]<\/a> Chevreuil l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft. Sau nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe tin c\u1eady, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, \u0111i theo c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 kh\u00e1c, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

[40]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 199.<\/p>\n

[41]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, quy\u1ec3n I, trang 28.<\/p>\n

[42]<\/a> D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1: “Danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1664 t\u1edbi 1668<\/i>“, Launay ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i danh s\u00e1ch t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o in trong cu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam <\/i>(La Cochinchine religieuse) c\u1ee7a Louvet (1885) v\u00e0 chua th\u00eam c\u00e2u: “Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y g\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong Les A.M.E <\/i>[V\u0103n kh\u1ed1 H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai] \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hay c\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y<\/i>“.<\/p>\n

[43]<\/a> Louis-Eug\u00e8ne Louvet, \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam <\/i>(La Cochinchine Religieuse, quy\u1ec3n I, Nxb Ernest Le Roux, Paris, 1885, trang 243-244.<\/p>\n

[44]<\/a> \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam, <\/i>quy\u1ec3n I, trang 269-276.<\/i><\/p>\n

[45]<\/a> \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam, <\/i>quy\u1ec3n I, trang 270- 271.<\/p>\n

[46]<\/a> Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: Hi\u1ec1n V\u01b0\u01a1ng, le pers\u00e9cuteur acharn\u00e9 des chr\u00e9tiens<\/i> (\u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, <\/i>quy\u1ec3n I trang 298.<\/p>\n

[47]<\/a> Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p:”Vers la fin de l’ann\u00e9e 1663, l’\u00e9v\u00eaque de Berythe re\u00e7ut des lettres tr\u00e8s polies de ces Messieurs: ils lui faisaient un tableau touchant de la pers\u00e9cution de Hien Vuong, qui durait depuis douze ans” (\u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, <\/i>quy\u1ec3n I, trang 266).<\/p>\n

[48]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Ng\u1eef, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0 Lan giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI, XVII, XVIII <\/i> cu\u1ed1n 1, Montr\u00e9al, 1988, T\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed \u0111i\u1ea1, trang 54-55.<\/p>\n

[49]<\/a> Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n: “Le roi Minh M\u1ea1ng, qui se pr\u00e9parait par ces coups d’essai \u00e0 ouvrir la pers\u00e9cution, et qui m\u00e9rita, plus tard, par ses cruaut\u00e9s, le surnom de N\u00e9ron annamite<\/i>” Louvet, \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, <\/i>quy\u1ec3n II, trang 31.<\/p>\n

[50]<\/a> <\/i>Louvet, \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, <\/i>quy\u1ec3n II, trang 492.<\/p>\n

[51]<\/a> Ho\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc Gi\u00e1p Th\u00e2n do Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 L\u00e2m Duy Hi\u1ec7p k\u00fd v\u1edbi Bonard ng\u00e0y 9-5-1862: ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1eddng cho Ph\u00e1p ba t\u1ec9nh Bi\u00ean Ho\u00e0, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

[52]<\/a> Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ebf Anh, Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9<\/i>, L\u1eeda Thi\u00eang , S\u00e0i G\u00f2n 1970, trang 18.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sau khi Guyart qua \u0111\u1eddi, Mahot tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n t\u00edn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Vachet t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong l\u1ea7n hai.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1108,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,9,181],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-101570","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-nghien-cuu","category-tu-lieu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101570","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1108"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=101570"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101570\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":101571,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101570\/revisions\/101571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=101570"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=101570"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=101570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}