{"id":101267,"date":"2024-10-16T07:01:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-16T07:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/damau.org\/?p=101267"},"modified":"2024-10-17T05:17:59","modified_gmt":"2024-10-17T05:17:59","slug":"lich-su-truyen-gio-v-chu-quoc-ngu-chuong-8-viec-truyen-gio-duoi-thoi-cha-trinh-tac-v-cha-hien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/101267\/lich-su-truyen-gio-v-chu-quoc-ngu-chuong-8-viec-truyen-gio-duoi-thoi-cha-trinh-tac-v-cha-hien","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n giáo và ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef – Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 8: Vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n giáo d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi chúa Tr\u1ecbnh T\u1ea1c và chúa Hi\u1ec1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

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L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef<\/em><\/h1>\n

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Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 8<\/h2>\n

Vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh T\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n<\/h2>\n

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\"clip_image002\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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 II-Truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c <\/b> <\/b><\/p>\n

Lambert de la Motte t\u1edbi \u0110\u00e0ng Trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/b><\/p>\n

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T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong<\/b><\/i><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Nghi l\u1ec5 <\/i>(La querelle de Rites) k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Nghi l\u1ec5 Trung Hoa, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 La tinh, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi v\u0103n minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o Gia-T\u00f4, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh kh\u00e1c, trong \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, qua c\u00e1c s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX (xem k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/p>\n

D\u00f2ng T\u00ean ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o dung h\u00f2a v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, v\u00e0 g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p (nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5 trong l\u00f2ng c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu, n\u00ean ngay t\u1eeb 1634, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i: c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng Franciscain, Dominicain, v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb 1660, H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris (xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n D\u00f2ng T\u00ean), \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng lu\u1eadt C\u1ea5m Nghi l\u1ec5<\/i> c\u1ee7a To\u00e0 th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng T\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ban \u0111\u1ea7u D\u00f2ng T\u00ean c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c, sau gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n, v\u00ec vua ch\u00faa ch\u00e2u \u00c2u nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 phe ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1773, D\u00f2ng T\u00ean b\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Cl\u00e9ment XIV (1769-1774) gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n, ph\u1ea3i 41 n\u0103m sau, Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Pie VII (1800-1823) m\u1edbi cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i (1814).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1939, Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Pie XII (1939-1958) m\u1edbi cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u1edd c\u00fang t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay, kh\u00f4ng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e0ng Trong, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, \u00abth\u00e2n\u00bb B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, n\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 (gi\u00e1o s\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 bu\u00f4n), t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean (B\u1ed3, \u00dd) \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eeb 1615 \u0111\u1ebfn 1660, theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i D\u00f2ng T\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t. L\u1ea1i th\u00eam Joao Da Crus (Jean de la Croix), ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 lai \u1ea4n, \u0111\u00fac s\u00fang cho ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00faa sai \u0111i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u T\u00e2y) mua h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho ch\u00faa bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng \u00e2n s\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: Da Crus c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng T\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, n\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ed3 \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong.<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p Lambert de La Motte, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng t\u00f2a, \u0111\u1ebfn Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, n\u0103m 1675 v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n \u00abgi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 do\u00bb, ch\u00faa v\u1eabn ng\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp Lambert de La Motte v\u00ec s\u1ee3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3, nh\u01b0 ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 B\u1ed3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1, v\u1eabn \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, nh\u01b0ng r\u00fat v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o theo quy lu\u1eadt D\u00f2ng T\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00ednh trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi nhau: phe tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 theo ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 phe \u00e2m th\u1ea7m cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u1edd c\u00fang t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft, \u00e2m m\u01b0u, k\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft b\u00ed \u1ea9n trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e1m \u0111\u1eb7t nghi v\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i l\u1ec7nh Vatican v\u1ec1 Nghi l\u1ec5<\/i>, khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Lambert de La Motte, \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng to\u00e0 \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u00f4ng gai, hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean trong ba Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng to\u00e0 n\u0103m 1658: Fran\u00e7ois Pallu \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng to\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i, <\/i>Pierre Lambert de La Motte, \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng to\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, v\u00e0 <\/i>Ignace Cotolendi, \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng t\u00f2a Nam Kinh, <\/i>th\u00ec <\/i>Cotolendi, qua \u0111\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c, Fran\u00e7ois Pallu, m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n Pierre Lambert de La Motte, m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u1edf l\u1ea1i, ra B\u1eafc v\u00e0o Nam, tranh \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i \u00abh\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi\u00bb cho H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris, tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc m\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean, B\u1ed3, \u00dd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1615, v\u1edbi h\u01a1n hai tr\u0103m nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 h\u01a1n ba tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, <\/i>ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a Pallu. Trong Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea.<\/p>\n

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H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Pierre Lambert de la Motte<\/b><\/p>\n

Pierre Lambert de La Motte, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng to\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong \u0111\u1ebfn Xi\u00eam trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 hai m\u1eb7t: phi\u00e1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris v\u00e0 phi\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ea7n cho \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ra v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o, qua s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t L\u1eef Y \u0110oan (Louis \u0110oan) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c Mahot.<\/p>\n

Pierre Lambert de la Motte sinh ng\u00e0y 16-1-1624 t\u1ea1i Lisieux (Calvados) Ph\u00e1p, trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c; th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edbc Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe hay B\u00e9rite ng\u00e0y 19-7-1658, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng to\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong ng\u00e0y 9-9-1659. Kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y 18-6-1660, \u0111\u1ebfn Xi\u00eam n\u0103m 1662 v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i Juthia (kinh \u0111\u00f4 Xi\u00eam) ng\u00e0y 15-6-1679, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 55[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Lambert de La Motte th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn b\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe<\/i>, hay B\u00e9rithe. <\/i>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i K\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai \u1edf Xi\u00eam, \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i <\/i>(Relation des Missions de Siam, Cochinchine et Tokin), nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng, vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c B\u00e9nigne Vachet, t\u1eebng th\u00e1p t\u00f9ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng to\u00e0 \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng, qua \u0111\u1ea5y, ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte, t\u1ee9c B\u00e9rythe. Vachet c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 nh\u1edb l\u1ea7m, vi\u1ebft sai, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 kh\u00e1c g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o \u1edf Rome, hay H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris, \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

B\u00e9nigne Vachet sinh t\u1ea1i Dijon (C\u00f4te d’Or) ng\u00e0y 31-10-1641, \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y 13-2-1669. Qua \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i Paris ng\u00e0y 19-1-1720[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Theo h\u1ed3i k\u00fd c\u1ee7a Vachet, ng\u00e0y 20-6-1660, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u0129 de Bourges kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Paris v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u c\u1eadn (kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Fran\u00e7ois Deydier)[3]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ebfn Lyon, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0ng qua kh\u1ecfi, \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, qua c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, Ba T\u01b0, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9[4]<\/a>… v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn Xi\u00eam n\u0103m 1662.<\/p>\n

Theo b\u00e0i Mgr Pierre Lambert de la Motte (1624-1679)<\/i><\/a> <\/i>in <\/i>tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng Missions \u00c9trang\u00e8res de Paris <\/i>ng\u00e0y 10-3-2020[5]<\/a>, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe r\u1eddi Paris ng\u00e0y 18-6-1660, l\u00ean t\u1ea7u \u1edf Marseille ng\u00e0y 27-11-1660, \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi hai gi\u00e1o s\u0129: Jacques de Bourges v\u00e0 Fran\u00e7ois Deydier (\u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n Vachet).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn Xi\u00eam n\u0103m 1662, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n: tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai,<\/i> t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o \u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, n\u00ean n\u0103m sau, 1663, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n xin t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c. R\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n B\u1ed3, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 uy quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng t\u00f2a.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00e0y, c\u00f2n do hai l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n

– Gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi \u00abv\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1\u00bb, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt nh\u1eefng g\u00ec gi\u00e1o s\u0129 B\u1ed3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1616. (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Louis Chevreuil \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 7).<\/p>\n

– Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris, theo l\u1ec7nh Vatican, tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5m Nghi l\u1ec5<\/i>, kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe v\u1eabn h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u00f4ng c\u1eed Chevreuil l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0ng Trong ng\u00e0y 17-6-1664. Chevreuil \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong 8 th\u00e1ng, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Xi\u00eam ng\u00e0y 27-3-1665.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m sau, 1666, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe l\u1ea1i g\u1eedi Louis Chevreuil v\u00e0 Antoine Hainques \u0111i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, Chevreuil b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea3i \u1edf l\u1ea1i d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, sau \u0111i Cam-b\u1ed1t, Hainques v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t,<\/i> \u00f4ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1o Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed1n n\u0103m sau \u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1ebft (1670).<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1669, m\u1eb7c d\u1ee5 c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa T\u1ecbnh T\u1ea1c (1664 v\u00e0 1669), Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe v\u1eabn b\u00ed m\u1eadt tr\u1ed1n v\u00e0o Th\u0103ng Long, v\u00e0 phong linh m\u1ee5c cho 7 th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. N\u0103m 1670, \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Ph\u1ed1 Hi\u1ebfn <\/i>(\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o); v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp D\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/i> d\u00e0nh cho n\u1eef tu \u1edf Ki\u00ean Lao[6]<\/a>. (xem k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/p>\n

Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Xi\u00eam, \u00f4ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, hai l\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1671-1672): Kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Xi\u00eam c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Vachet ng\u00e0y 20-7-1671. \u0110\u1ebfn N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n (Quy Nh\u01a1n) c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0ng qua kh\u1ecfi<\/i>.<\/p>\n

T\u1edbi Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c vi\u1ebfng m\u1ed9 hai gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Hainques v\u00e0 Brindeau, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1ebft n\u0103m 1670 (xem \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi). L\u1eadp D\u00f2ng M\u1ebfn th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1<\/i> cho n\u1eef tu, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf B\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang n\u0103m 1672, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i An, m\u1edf C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng H\u1ed9i An, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 B\u1ed3, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Xi\u00eam ng\u00e0y 29-3-1672[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng H\u1ed9i An, gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Guyart, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c g\u1eedi sang \u0110\u00e0ng Trong tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u nguy cho Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe v\u00e0 Vachet kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c \u1edf N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n,<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. Ng\u00e0y 3-6-1673,<\/i> <\/i>Guyart<\/i> \u0111ang kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc thanh tr\u1eebng trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m, trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c, r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Le nom de la Rose<\/i> (T\u00ean \u0111\u00f3a h\u1ed3ng) c\u1ee7a Umberto Eco vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Jean-Jacques Annaud d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh phim v\u1edbi t\u00e0i t\u1eed Sean Connery.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3m nguy v\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ef1c, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Berythe, v\u1eabn t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai (1675-1676), \u00f4ng kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Xi\u00eam ng\u00e0y 23-7-1675 v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Xi\u00eam th\u00e1ng 10-1676. Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn: \u0110\u1ea1o Gia-t\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n K\u00fd s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1672 \u0111\u1ebfn 1675 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c<\/i>, ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u01b0 sau: <\/i> <\/i><\/p>\n

“T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o g\u1ee1. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c de B\u00e9rythe \u0111i <\/i>[\u0110\u00e0ng Trong] v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa <\/i>[ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n] c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u00d4ng xu\u1ed1ng thuy\u1ec1n ng\u00e0y 23-7 <\/i>[1675]; ng\u00e0y 25, \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 t\u1ea1i dinh c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00d4. de Chandebois; hai \u00f4ng Mahot v\u00e0 Vachet l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 Saint Jacques le Majeur. B\u1ed1n ng\u00e0y sau, \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean t\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng gia \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, chu t\u1ea5t ch\u1edf \u0111i, nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd h\u1eb1ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i<\/i>“[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u01b0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe vi\u1ebft cho \u00f4ng Brisacier ng\u00e0y 16-11-1676, c\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft: <\/i><\/p>\n

“Xi\u00eam, ng\u00e0y 16, th\u00e1ng 11, n\u0103m 1676.<\/i><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i t\u1eeb x\u1ee9 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong m\u1ebfn y\u00eau tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 <\/i>[Xi\u00eam] l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ee7 <\/i>[ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3] v\u00e0 l\u0169 th\u00e1m t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh trong v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng, ch\u00fang bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i t\u00f4i l\u1ebbn ra \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i, r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o l\u1eadu \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u00e0 b\u1eaft c\u00f3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi; nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5p chi\u1ebfu cho t\u00f4i quy\u1ec1n \u0111i v\u1ec1 trong v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c g\u1eedi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn, n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n<\/b> (cela n’a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 que je n’aie \u00e9t\u00e9 bien re\u00e7u \u00e0 la Cour et que le roi ne m’ait accord\u00e9 des patentes de pouvoir aller et venir en son royaume ou y envoyer quand je le souhaiterai)<\/i>[9]<\/a>.”<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris vi\u1ebft \u00abth\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u00f4ng \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 “tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi” nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam <\/b>(un des temps les plus heureux de l’histoire du catholisme dans ce pays)\u00bb[10]<\/b><\/b><\/a>.<\/b><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte qua \u0111\u1eddi ba n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea9y ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng lao Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe xin ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n cho \u00abt\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u00bb (nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i) \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung l\u00e1 th\u01b0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c g\u1eedi ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n xin cho \u0111\u1ea1o Gia-t\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng<\/i>. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

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Nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khi \u0111\u1ebfn Xi\u00eam: Lambert de la Motte xin t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1662, khi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn Xi\u00eam, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte t\u1ee9c B\u00e9rithe, \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng t\u00f2a \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u phi\u00e1, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n xin t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, Launay, in hai t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u r\u00fat trong V\u0103n kh\u1ed1 H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai (A.M.E): M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n xin t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c [g\u1eedi cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Ph\u00e1p] v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 g\u1eedi cho Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n

1- B\u1ea3n \u00abnh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i\u00bb v\u00e0 xin t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, l\u1eddi l\u1ebd nh\u01b0 sau:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00abT\u00f4i k\u00fd t\u00ean Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe, \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng t\u00f2a, nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t trung v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9i b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 thi\u00eang li\u00eang v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u01b0 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n (men\u00e9 une vie innocente et reconnaissante), v\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u00f4i k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n xin vua (le roi) vui l\u00f2ng c\u1eed N. v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n cho m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Trung Hoa (un \u00e9v\u00eaque de la Chine) m\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 ban cho t\u00f4i, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 To\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ean… x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf t\u00f4i.<\/i><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n th\u00fa t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y (Le pr\u00e9sent aveu et consentement) l\u00e0m t\u1ea1i kinh \u0111\u00f4 Xi\u00eam La, \u1edf v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 14 r\u01b0\u1ee1i.<\/i><\/p>\n

K\u00fd b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef k\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ni\u00eam phong b\u1eb1ng con d\u1ea5u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.\u00bb<\/i>[11]<\/b><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

L\u00e1 th\u01b0 xin t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft trong n\u0103m 1663, c\u00f9ng n\u0103m v\u1edbi th\u01b0 g\u1eedi Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn Xi\u00eam; c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 g\u1eedi cho ai, nh\u01b0ng qua n\u1ed9i dung, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 th\u01b0 g\u1eedi cho Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Ph\u00e1p [th\u1eddi Louis XIV]. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Launay ghi l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a V\u0103n kh\u1ed1 H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai (A.M.E, quy\u1ec3n 121, trang 127).<\/p>\n

Trong th\u01b0 n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ean N. c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u00f4ng<\/i>. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y trong b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u0129 de Bourges d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng k\u00edch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m<\/i> c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, v\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris<\/i>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb \u00abb\u1ecdn D\u00f2ng T\u00ean\u00bb<\/i> (ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a Lambert de la Motte, \u0111\u1ec3 xin \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c). V\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng cho bi\u1ebft vua Ph\u00e1p (Louis XIV) \u0111\u00e3 phong cho Lambert de La Motte ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Trung qu\u1ed1c<\/i> (Ev\u00eaque de la Chine). Ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ghi l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sang Trung qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh. <\/p>\n

2- T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ee9 hai, l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n tr\u00edch l\u00e1 th\u01b0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c, ti\u1ebfng La Tinh, g\u1eedi cho Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng (t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u A.M.E, quy\u1ec3n 877, trang 102), c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u01a1i g\u1eedi, \u0111\u1ec3 trong ngo\u1eb7c (Xi\u00eam, 12-7 v\u00e0 13-10-1663):<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00d4 danh v\u00ec mu\u00f4n ng\u00e0n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, nh\u1ecf l\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn n\u1ed7i \u0111\u1edbn \u0111au, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft qu\u1ef3 d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00ed T\u00f4n (Votre Saintet\u00e9) xin cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c thay t\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdn nghi\u00e3 v\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng t\u00f2a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. V\u1edbi l\u00e1 th\u01b0 n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i xin t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7m. \u0110\u1ee9a l\u00e3ng t\u1eed kh\u1ed1n n\u1ea1n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tai \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh cha c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u tr\u1ee3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn lao, t\u00f4i kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh (Si\u00e8ge Apostolique) trong l\u00fac t\u00f4i s\u1eafp \u0111i Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/i>\u00bb.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, l\u00e1 th\u01b0 xin t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c g\u1eedi Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng vi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 12-7 v\u00e0 13-10-1663.<\/p>\n

Launay ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong V\u0103n kh\u1ed1 H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai, ghi hai ng\u00e0y 12-7 v\u00e0 13-10-1663, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 hai ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 12-7 nh\u01b0ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u00f2n do d\u1ef1 ch\u01b0a g\u1eedi, \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 13-10 m\u1edbi g\u1eedi \u0111i[13]<\/b><\/a><\/b><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o s\u0129 de Bourges, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Lambert de la Motte, trong b\u00e0i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng to\u00e0, ng\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u00fd sau (xin t\u00f3m t\u1eaft):<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Lesley, T\u1ed5ng qu\u1ea3n H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai \u1edf Rome (Procureur \u00e0 Rome de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Missions \u00c9trang\u00e8res) v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u00abt\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i\u00bb c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe:<\/p>\n

– R\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe c\u00f3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

– R\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

– R\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 (un ouvrier).<\/p>\n

– R\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng k\u00edch v\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb<\/b> suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

– R\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec, n\u1ebfu [To\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh] ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 de Bourges tin r\u1eb1ng, Vatican s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1nh ki\u1ec3m (conduite) c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Xi\u00eam, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Vatican nghi ng\u1edd, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng k\u00edch Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb,<\/i> ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng k\u00edch \u00f4ng, \u1edf trong H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai, mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3, phe D\u00f2ng T\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng r\u1ed1i ren nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u00e0y 27-1-1664, Francois Pallu, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng To\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i t\u1edbi Xi\u00eam, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u0103ng Long, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp v\u1edbi Lambert de la Motte, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Xi\u00eam La.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00e0y v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n:<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1672, sau khi Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe t\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0ng Trong tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Xi\u00eam, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 bu\u00f4n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u0129 B\u1ed3 c\u00f4ng k\u00edch \u00f4ng k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng t\u00f2a, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f2ng \u00f4ng. Hai gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Fragoso v\u00e0 Marini quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t: Marini<\/p>\n

v\u1ec1 Roma “t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u00e0i” c\u1ee7a de la Motte v\u00e0 xin T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng v\u1ec1. Fragoso, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00ecnh Goa (l’Inquisition de Goa) \u1edf Xi\u00eam, n\u0103m 1666, ra l\u1ec7nh khai tr\u1eeb \u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea1o (excommution)[15]<\/a><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 4-6-1669, Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng IX (1667-1669) n\u00e2ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u1edf Xi\u00eam l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea1i l\u00fd Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng (Vicariat apostolique) v\u00e0 giao cho H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb (vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 1665). Ng\u00e0y 13-9-1669, Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Cl\u00e9ment IX tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n l\u1ec7nh Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng t\u00f2a.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 10-11-1673, Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Cl\u00e9ment XIV (1769-1774) k\u1ebft \u00e1n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00ecnh Goa[16]<\/b><\/i><\/a> <\/i>v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ra l\u1ec7nh gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n D\u00f2ng T\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gian nan c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng t\u00f2a Lambert de la Motte, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y theo ch\u00e2n linh m\u1ee5c Hainques, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba S\u1ea1i Paris, \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

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Linh m\u1ee5c Hainques (1637-1670) x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i <\/b><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft Louis Chevreuil sau t\u00e1m th\u00e1ng \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Xi\u00eam.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 8-8-1665, gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe g\u1eedi Louis Chevreuil tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Antoine Hainques. Chevreuil b\u1ecb \u1ed1m, ph\u1ea3i \u1edf l\u1ea1i d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, sau \u0111i Cam-b\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Hainques \u0111i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn Phan R\u00ed (thu\u1ed9c B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn), r\u1ed3i \u0111i Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean. Sau c\u00f9ng d\u1eebng \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

Trong 5 n\u0103m, t\u1eeb 1665 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1670, Hainques \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n m\u1ebfn m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 coi \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t “v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh”.<\/p>\n

Antoine Hainques (c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Haincq <\/i>hay <\/i>Haincque) sinh ng\u00e0y 24-1-1637[17]<\/a> t\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o khu Saint-Etienne, Beauvais (Oise). \u0110i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y 6-1-1661. Qua \u0111\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1670, t\u1ea1i Ph\u1ed1 M\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i B\u00ecnh S\u01a1n, Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i (tu\u1ef3 theo ngu\u1ed3n)[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 17-10-1666 t\u1eeb Xi\u00eam g\u1eedi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Pallu \u1edf Paris, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c khen ng\u1ee3i Hainques:<\/i><\/p>\n

“T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi c\u00e1c \u00f4ng Chevreuil v\u00e0 Hainques \u0111i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. Hainques \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o x\u1ee9 \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o Nh\u1eadt, v\u00e1c tr\u00ean vai t\u00fai \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng trang tr\u00ed nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf n\u0103m ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u0103m \u0111\u00eam t\u1ea1i Vanri <\/i>[Phan R\u00ed], kinh \u0111\u00f4 Ch\u00e0m, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o, nghe x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i vv… v\u00e0 \u1edf Fumoy <\/i>[Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean], h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00e0ng Trong m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y, m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00eam. Trong b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ec3 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i cho 41 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.”<\/i>[19]<\/b><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1667, Hainques \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u00ean th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 Joseph, 28 tu\u1ed5i, g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 Xi\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe phong linh m\u1ee5c[20]<\/a>.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t.<\/i><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe g\u1eedi Brindeau v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0ng Trong tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap. <\/p>\n

Pierre Brindeau (1636-1670) sinh kho\u1ea3ng 1636, t\u1ea1i Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine) Ph\u00e1p, \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y 8-11-1661. T\u1edbi Xi\u00eam, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111i Trung Hoa. Brindeau l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1edbi Macao, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ph\u1ea3i \u1edf l\u1ea1i Macao; r\u1ed3i \u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 Goa, tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00ecnh,<\/i> nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p quan tha t\u1ed9i. Brindeau tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Xi\u00eam, nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap Hainques. \u00d4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi, th\u00e1ng 1-1671, trong v\u00f9ng Pho-moi [Ph\u1ed1 M\u1edbi], c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf Bau-tay (Ba T\u01a1?), Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i[21]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 hai gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Hainques v\u00e0 Brindeau \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c <\/i>ch\u1ebft \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 33 v\u00e0 34. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

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Hainques v\u00e0 Brindeau b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1ebft<\/b><\/p>\n

Hai v\u1ecb linh m\u1ee5c ch\u1ebft c\u00e1ch nhau \u00edt ng\u00e0y. Gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Vachet k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i:<\/i><\/p>\n

“\u00d4ng <\/i>[Hainques] m\u1ea5t cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1670.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00d4ng Brindeau, qua \u0111\u1eddi sau \u00f4ng <\/i>[Hainques] m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 v\u00ec hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng ch\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao hai v\u1ecb hy sinh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i An \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u00e8 \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha v\u00e0 \u1edf tr\u1ecd nh\u00e0 b\u1ecdn n\u00e0y,<\/b> ch\u00fang gi\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u1eeb xa t\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00ea t\u1edfm, ch\u00fang d\u1ef1 Th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch gh\u00ea gh\u1edbm c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, n\u00ean b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ai nghi ng\u1edd. \u00d4ng Brindeau, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t c\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1ng, trong c\u01a1n co d\u1eadt d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, c\u00f2n n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ngay b\u00e1o cho \u00f4ng Hainques \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n. Gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n Bin-sung <\/i>[?] tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi r\u00ean si\u1ebft \u0111\u1edbn \u0111au v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecd \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u<\/i>“[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean Vachet ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u00abCh\u00fang t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i An \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u00e8 \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha v\u00e0 \u1edf tr\u1ecd nh\u00e0 b\u1ecdn n\u00e0y\u00bb. <\/i><\/b>Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft \u00e1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c. <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i K\u00fd s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Xi\u00eam, \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i,<\/i> m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng k\u00fd t\u00ean, vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

“Thi h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Hainques \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y trong b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0y sau khi ch\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e2m li\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u01b0 th\u1ed1i, th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 \u1edf x\u1ee9 r\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng n\u00e0y; sau khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1eb7c cho \u00f4ng y ph\u1ee5c T\u0103ng l\u1eef, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t \u00f4ng v\u00e0o quan t\u00e0i, \u1ee7 v\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong ba th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e2u h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a thi h\u00e0i \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00f4n g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9 \u00f4ng Brindeau<\/i>[23]<\/b><\/i><\/a> c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 5 d\u1eb7m<\/i>[24]<\/b><\/i><\/a>. Nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c \u00d4ng L\u1edbn trong l\u00e0ng, d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu cho ch\u00f4n \u1edf ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0ng, b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: n\u1ebfu ch\u00f4n m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u1edf trong l\u00e0ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 g\u00ec. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu tr\u00e1i l\u1ec7nh, \u0110\u1ee9c \u00d4ng s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh ch\u00faa. V\u00ec<\/i> <\/i>th\u1ebf m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo, ch\u00f4n \u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea7u kinh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ec5<\/i>.”[25]<\/a><\/p>\n

Theo nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y, th\u00ec thi h\u00e0i Hainques \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00ab\u1ee7 v\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef trong ba th\u00e1ng\u00bb, <\/i>v\u00e0 \u00ab\u0110\u1ee9c \u00d4ng L\u1edbn ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o trong l\u00e0ng\u00bb <\/i>\u0111\u00f2i ch\u00f4n Hainques \u1edf trong l\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t vinh d\u1ef1, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh ch\u00faa, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f4ng khai, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea5u di\u1ebfm g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

Hainques v\u00e0 Brindeau, gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o theo phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng T\u00ean<\/i>, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 gi\u1ebft. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 theo th\u01b0 cu\u1ea3 linh m\u1ee5c Mahot t\u1eeb Xi\u00eam g\u1eedi cho Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai ng\u00e0y 11-6-1671, vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00abCh\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin bu\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng Hainques v\u00e0 Brindeau, sau nh\u1eefng n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 vinh hi\u1ec3n, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft, k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp nhau v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y.<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong kh\u00f3c nh\u1eefng m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u00f4ng Hainques nh\u01b0 cha chung c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng ai s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng \u00f4ng Brindeau<\/b>, \u0111\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc \u00f4ng<\/i>\u00bb.[26]<\/a><\/p>\n

Linh m\u1ee5c Mahot, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng th\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng t\u00f2a \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, m\u01b0\u1eddi ba n\u0103m sau, c\u0169ng ch\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 1-6-1684 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ed \u1ea9n, nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o theo \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng<\/i>.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ai l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m, nh\u01b0ng ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c Hainques, Brideau, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u00fang ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris v\u00e0 To\u00e0 th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng. C\u1ed9ng th\u00eam hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 B\u1ed3 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n B\u1ed3 trong vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n \u1edf Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tranh ch\u1ea5p t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tranh ch\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a hai gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Hainques v\u00e0 Brindeau, trong cu\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam<\/i> (La Cochinchine Religieuse<\/i>), Louvet vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau: “Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi hai, hai \u00f4ng Haingues<\/i> <\/i>v\u00e0 Brindeau b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c” (Dans les derniers jours de D\u00e9cembre, MM. Haigues et Brindeau furent empoisonn\u00e9s par leur domestique)<\/i>[27]<\/b><\/i><\/a>.<\/i><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n: linh m\u1ee5c Louvet quy t\u1ed9i s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb Vi\u1ec7t -ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p n\u00e0y- ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 Pers\u00e9cution<\/i>, \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng [Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i] m\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n k\u00ednh m\u1ed9 Hainques nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

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C\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c Hainques<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c Hainques, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc v\u00e0 t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

Vachet k\u1ec3: N\u0103m 1671, khi \u00f4ng th\u00e1p t\u00f9ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe \u0111i th\u0103m m\u1ed9 cha Hainques, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe th\u1ea5y con chi\u00ean qu\u1ef3 s\u1ee5p xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t mi\u1ec7ng l\u00e2m r\u00e2m kh\u1ea5n c\u00e2u “Ou thanh <\/i>[\u00d4ng Th\u00e1nh] Anton Haincq <\/i> cha yeu chung toi, cau cho chung toi”,<\/i> m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, sau th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd c\u1ee9 nh\u1eafc \u0111i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i hai ti\u1ebfng Anton Haincq <\/i>[Antoine Hainques] \u00f4ng m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n nghi\u00e3 c\u00e2u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o ngay cho Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c bi\u1ebft; Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c li\u1ec1n c\u1ea5m h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7u c\u00e2u kinh n\u00e0y, v\u00ec Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i ch\u01b0a cho ph\u00e9p, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i khi n\u00e0o Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u00f4ng Hainques l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh, th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u00f4ng th\u00e1nh Hainques<\/i>. Nh\u01b0ng Hainques kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vatican c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i l\u1ea1i y\u00eau m\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng Hainques nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?<\/p>\n

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Hainques bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t<\/b><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 26-2-1670, Antoine Hainques vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 th\u01b0 r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef La tinh g\u1eedi H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng trong th\u01b0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte, c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung l\u00e1 th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Hainques v\u1edbi m\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec3m sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

1- Xin l\u1eadp thien ku <\/i>[?] <\/i>t\u1ee9c ban th\u1edd trong nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n (tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i).<\/p>\n

2- Xin cho ph\u00e9p tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y n\u00eau<\/i> ng\u00e0y T\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb ma qu\u1ef7 (tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5m, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf l\u1ec7 treo gi\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7 ma qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i tr\u1eeb kh\u1eed).<\/p>\n

3- Xin l\u00e0m gi\u1ed7 \u00f4ng b\u00e0, cha m\u1eb9, v.v… (tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: ph\u1ea3i theo \u0111\u00fang l\u1ec7nh gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng [Alexandre VII] v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh H\u1ed9i (La Sacr\u00e9e-Congr\u00e9gation) 1656)[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady, t\u00e1m th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qua \u0111\u1eddi, linh m\u1ee5c Hainques \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris xin thay \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u1eadt To\u00e0 th\u00e1nh cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4i, ch\u00e2m ch\u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy ch\u1ebf C\u1ea5m Nghi l\u1ec5<\/i> c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

Hai linh m\u1ee5c Hainques v\u00e0 Brindeau \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u0103m t\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc y\u00eau k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec hai \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd th\u1edd c\u00fang t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe v\u00e0 Vachet \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, \u0111\u1ebfn N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n, c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u01b0ng qua kh\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, hai gi\u00e1o s\u0129 trung th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng to\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng coi l\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd n\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4ng, l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c Guyart, T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c Mahot (sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng t\u00f2a \u0110\u00e0ng Trong), c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Nghi l\u1ec5<\/i>, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1edd \u00e1m. Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c L\u1eef Y \u0110oan, c\u0169ng trong th\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, vua Gia Long t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1o Gia T\u00f4, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p th\u1edd c\u00fang t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean<\/i>. V\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y cho t\u1edbi khi qua \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

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Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n l\u1eadp \u00abgi\u00e1o x\u1ee9\u00bb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Lam-Thuyen (L\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n?)<\/b><\/p>\n

Hainques v\u00e0 Brindeau qua \u0111\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1670.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m sau, 1671, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0ng Trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. \u00d4ng \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi hai gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Mahot <\/i>v\u00e0 Vachet<\/i>, kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Xi\u00eam ng\u00e0y 20-7-1671 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Xi\u00eam ng\u00e0y 29-3-1672[29]<\/a>. <\/i>Mahot s\u1ebd n\u1ed5i l\u00ean trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i, c\u00f3 t\u00e0i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 trao tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch.<\/i><\/p>\n

Guillaume Mahot <\/i>sinh kho\u1ea3ng 1630-1640 \u1edf Argentan (Orne) [thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng Ile de France]. \u0110i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y 8-11-1665. Ng\u00e0y 29-1-1680, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Bide. N\u0103m 1682, nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng to\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. \u00d4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf H\u1ed9i An ng\u00e0y 1-6-1684.<\/i><\/p>\n

B\u00e9nigne Vachet <\/i>sinh t\u1ea1i Dijon (C\u00f4te d’Or) ng\u00e0y 31-10-1641. \u0110i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y 13-2-1669. Qua \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf Paris ng\u00e0y 19-1-1720[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Theo l\u1eddi Vachet k\u1ec3, ng\u00e0y 20-7-1671, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe, Mahot v\u00e0 Vachet, l\u00ean m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n do b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ch\u00e8o. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3, sau khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n h\u1ea3i l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n \u00ab\u0110\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a\u00bb (La Terre promise) nh\u01b0 \u00abMoise \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m\u00bb, v\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Vachet vi\u1ebft:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00abT\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c an \u1ee7i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, m\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac m\u1edbi t\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u00faa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u1ed7i b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i an l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn ban \u0111\u00eam, m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7y tu ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t (un des pr\u00eates annamites) \u0111i b\u00e1o tin cho m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, \u00f4ng ta tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 10 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng, k\u00e8m v\u1edbi hai th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng, m\u1ed9t l\u1edbn, m\u1ed9t nh\u1ecf, v\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong l\u00e0ng t\u00ean l\u00e0 Lam-Thuyen<\/b><\/i> <\/b>[ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn trong v\u00f9ng Nha Trang, Di\u00ean Kh\u00e1nh], ni\u1ec1m vui r\u1ed9n r\u00e3 c\u1ea3 phi\u00e1 h\u1ecd l\u1eabn phi\u00e1 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/i><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 linh m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb khi hai \u00f4ng Hainques v\u00e0 Brideau qua \u0111\u1eddi <\/i>[1670], h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m trong tim h\u1ecd. <\/i>Sau khi b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, ban ng\u00e0y tr\u1ed1n trong thuy\u1ec1n, 7 gi\u1edd t\u1ed1i l\u00ean b\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m (une lieue)[31]<\/b><\/a>, l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n c\u00f3 l\u1ec7 t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp ng\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5, \u00f4ng ta s\u1ebd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/i>\u00bb[32]<\/a><\/p>\n

Vachet k\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp (xin t\u00f3m t\u1eaft): \u0110\u00eam \u1ea5y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd l\u00ean b\u1edd, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111i c\u00e1ng, Mahot v\u00e0 t\u00f4i m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. <\/b>H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n m\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3n h\u1ecd:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00abCh\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0o c\u0103n nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o t\u1ed1t b\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y 1-9-1671, kho\u1ea3ng hai th\u00e1ng sau khi kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc Xi\u00eam. T\u00f4i coi c\u0103n nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam (la premi\u00e8re paroisse de la Cochinchine), <\/b>b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 khao kh\u00e1t th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5. M\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n h\u01a1n 800 con chi\u00ean k\u1ebb tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 ban ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c cha m\u00e0 h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Cha C\u1ea3 (Grand P\u00e8re). Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bu\u1ed3n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Mahot m\u1edbi t\u1ea1m n\u00f3i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1m nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ec3 an \u1ee7i h\u1ecd, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ee9a l\u00e0 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i hai th\u00e1ng sau, khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u1ecd<\/i>.\u00bb[33]<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u1eady, n\u01a1i Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n, l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng L\u00e2m Thuy\u00ean<\/i>, c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3n kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m (une lieue). Gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, \u1edf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t s\u01a1 khai, ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 linh m\u1ee5c, v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con chi\u00ean quanh v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 c\u0103n nh\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam<\/b><\/i>, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris, nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Vachet ghi nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn Lam-Thuyen[34]<\/b><\/a> <\/i>l\u00e0m \u00abtr\u1ee5 s\u1edf\u00bb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong.<\/p>\n

Hai ch\u1eef Lam Thuyen<\/i> ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u, n\u1ebfu th\u00eam d\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh L\u00e2m Thuy\u00ean, <\/i>c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u00e3 g\u00ec. Ta l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean ch\u1eef cho th\u00f4n l\u00e0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u00e3, n\u00ean ch\u1eafc c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nho \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 L\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n<\/i> (n\u01a1i c\u00f3 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 su\u1ed1i) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u phi\u00ean \u00e2m th\u00e0nh Lam Thuyen. <\/i>V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng L\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, <\/i>m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng theo nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef L\u00e2m To\u1ea3n<\/i> hay L\u00e2m To\u00e0n, <\/i>cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb, <\/i>ph\u1ecfng theo <\/i>s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ea1 th\u1eddi Gia <\/i>Long (1811) c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea7u. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n tu\u1ef3 t\u00f9ng nghe th\u1ea5y t\u00ean L\u00e2m To\u1ea3n<\/i> hay L\u00e2m To\u00e0n<\/i> v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1671, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean Vachet ph\u1ea3i ghi l\u00e0 Lam Toan<\/i> r\u1ed3i. <\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh Di\u00ean Kh\u00e1nh, theo \u0110\u1ea1i Nam Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ed1ng Ch\u00ed, \u00abtr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 s\u1edf Nha Trang<\/i>\u00bb[35]<\/a>. Ngay c\u1ea1nh th\u00e0nh Di\u00ean Kh\u00e1nh (do Nguy\u1ec5n V\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e2y sau n\u00e0y) c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd H\u00e0 D\u1eeba, nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1eb9p, r\u1ea5t c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng t\u00f2a d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y<\/i>. V\u1eady theo d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, L\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n<\/i> c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c coi L\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n<\/i> l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai \u1edf ph\u00eda nam \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, v\u00f9ng Kh\u00e1nh Ho\u00e0, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t do ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ea7n m\u1edbi chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd nghi\u00e3 s\u00e2u xa: mong ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n cho ph\u00e9p \u00f4ng ra v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0ng Trong \u00abt\u1ef1 do gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o\u00bb v\u00e0 ba n\u0103m sau \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i: tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ba trung t\u00e2m: H\u1ed9i An, Qu\u1ea3ng Nam<\/i> (\u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng) <\/i>v\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n <\/i>(Quy Nh\u01a1n), <\/i>do c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

Vachet c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n linh m\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t (les pr\u00eatres annamites) \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe th\u1ee5 phong: hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong \u1edf Xi\u00eam, v\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong<\/i>. V\u00e0 \u00f4ng k\u1ec3: l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00faa v\u1eabn ra l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp cha c\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c, <\/i><\/b>nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng quan \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n k\u00ednh m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng quan Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m l\u00e0 quan Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 s\u1ebd gi\u1eef b\u00ed m\u1eadt. Qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean quan Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 h\u1ee9a: n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eebng h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1ed9 li\u1ec5u qu\u00e1 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng sao,<\/i> \u00f4ng c\u00f2n cho th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 n\u1eefa: \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u1edf nh\u00e0 quan \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Quan Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0o n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam, khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ee7 h\u1ebft, \u00f4ng h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c<\/i>. \u00d4ng mu\u1ed1n m\u1eddi ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 \u1edf trong dinh, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec dinh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra v\u00e0o, n\u00ean n\u1ebfu ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong v\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ri\u00eang, c\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1eddn bao quanh, k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o h\u01a1n<\/i>.<\/b> \u00d4ng n\u00f3i hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd h\u00e3y c\u1ee9 t\u1ea1m \u1ea9n n\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3, \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2y, quan Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n

“T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u00f4ng rao gi\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9c nghi\u1ec7p bu\u1ed9c t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i theo \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do theo \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng<\/i>“[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf nh\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n. Ng\u00e0i r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i cho ba m\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 b\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

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Mahot \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng coi gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn L\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

V\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i H\u1ed9i An, n\u00ean Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1eed \u00f4ng Mahot \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00f4ng coi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn L\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n <\/i>v\u00e0 hai v\u00f9ng Nha Trang<\/i> v\u00e0 Nha-Phu<\/i> [phi\u00e1 b\u1eafc Nha Trang]. V\u1eabn theo l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Vachet: Mahot \u0111i th\u0103m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd trong v\u00f9ng \u00f4ng cai qu\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd \u1edf l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u1edf m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng: Fu-moy [Ph\u1ed1 M\u1edbi ?] l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n nh\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, m\u1edbi t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ea9y, t\u00e1m tr\u0103m t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3, nh\u01b0ng hai n\u0103m sau, Mahot \u0111\u01b0a con s\u1ed1 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 4.000.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i [\u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 Vachet] d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf Nha Phu<\/i> v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 u\u1ef7 l\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 100 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1. Quan Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y g\u1eedi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eabn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng. C\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n ni\u1ec3m n\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u00e1m \u01a1n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 Ph\u00fac \u00e2m. \u0110\u00eam sau, quan Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 th\u1edd th\u0103m \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 n\u00f3i, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd sai \u0111em g\u1ea1o, s\u00e1p ong v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y quan Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e8n, n\u00e0o m\u1ee9t, g\u1ea1o h\u1ea3o h\u1ea1ng, h\u01a1n 60 s\u00e1p ong v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n t\u1eb7ng th\u00eam thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 bao h\u1ebft chi ph\u00ed cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn, b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i m\u1ea5t 4 ng\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

T\u1edbi N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n, ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n g\u1eb7p cha Barth\u00e9lemy d’Acosta, D\u00f2ng T\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt, nghe tin \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn, t\u1edbi ch\u00e0o v\u00e0 cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hay tin bu\u1ed3n: n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i [1670], m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn<\/i> Macao, tr\u00ean c\u00f3 cha Marquez, nghe \u0111\u1ed3n, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm[38]<\/a>. Theo \u0110\u1ed7 Quang Ch\u00ednh, cha Marquez ch\u1ebft v\u00ec b\u1ecb t\u1ea7u b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm \u1edf g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o H\u1ea3i Nam<\/i> n\u0103m 1670[39]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u0103m 1671, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0ng L\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n <\/i>(Di\u00ean Kh\u00e1nh), th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o khu L\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, <\/i>v\u00e0 <\/i>c\u1eed gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Mahot \u1edf l\u1ea1i cai qu\u1ea3n c\u00e1c h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1o L\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, Nha Trang, Nha Phu, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng Kh\u00e1nh Ho\u00e0, Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Lambert de la Motte v\u00e0 Vachet b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb L\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111i N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n (Quy Nh\u01a1n). N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/i> \u1edf phi\u00e1 nam \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, do ba cha D\u00f2ng T\u00ean Cristoforo Borri, Francesco Buzomi v\u00e0 Francesco de Pina, s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng n\u0103m (1618-1622), v\u00ec v\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ti\u00ean kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y; cho n\u00ean N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi D\u00f2ng T\u00ean, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 phe B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i l\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c<\/i> Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c<\/i> v\u00e0 Vachet b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c<\/i>, ph\u1ea3i \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y s\u00e1u tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng T\u00f2a c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng khi\u1ebfn Vachet ph\u1ea3i thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i H\u1ed9i An, t\u00ecm gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Guyart, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eefa. Guyart l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ph\u00e1i \u0111i H\u1ed9i An tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u00abt\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c\u00bb chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ch\u1edd ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u00e0m di ch\u00fac, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf, theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1: Guyart tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu Guyart ch\u1ebft, th\u00ec Mahot s\u1ebd thay th\u1ebf. Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f2i l\u00e0m T\u1ea9y l\u1ec5 l\u00e2m chung<\/i> cho \u00f4ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u00f4n m\u00ea. May thay, 15 ng\u00e0y sau, Guyart v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i An v\u1ec1 k\u1ecbp.[40]<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c n\u00e0y, Vachet k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau (xin t\u00f3m t\u1eaft):<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n, th\u00ec bi\u1ebft tin c\u00f3 cha Barth\u00e9lemy d’Acosta, t\u1eeb tri\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi quan Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 (Vachet lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i le<\/i> gouverneur,<\/i> nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 t\u1ec9nh n\u00e0o). <\/i>Barth\u00e9lemy d’Acosta, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt, D\u00f2ng T\u00ean, l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n, r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n v\u1edbi Jean de la Croix, ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 lai \u1ea4n, th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00fac s\u00fang c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa. Vi\u00ean quan Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 n\u00e0y, theo l\u1eddi Vachet, h\u1ed3i nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i, sau l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, r\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u1edbi ba, b\u1ed1n n\u00e0ng h\u1ea7u. V\u1eabn theo l\u1eddi Vachet, d’Acosta b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n th\u1edd c\u00fang t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, n\u00ean \u00f4ng ta “chu\u1ed3n” ngay v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 Jean de la Croix [\u1edf Hu\u1ebf?]. Quan Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd \u0111u\u1ed5i n\u00e0ng h\u1ea7u \u0111i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd trong dinh, m\u01b0\u1ee3n gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0. Vachet k\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp:<\/i><\/p>\n

“\u2026 Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng, b\u1ea7y b\u1eefa \u0103n ch\u01a1i r\u1ea5t th\u1ecbnh so\u1ea1n; \u00f4ng ta <\/i>[Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7] t\u1ef1 tay m\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o hai b\u00e1t s\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ed7i b\u00e1t m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 m\u1ee9t cam t\u1ea7u, d\u1eb9t, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 m\u1ee9t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0103n n\u1eeda qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0103n ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 r\u01b0\u1ee1i. \u00d4ng ta kh\u1ea9n kho\u1ea3n m\u1eddi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u1ec9 l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng thu x\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7, n\u00ean \u00f4ng ta sai \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd. Hai gi\u1edd sau, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ng\u1ee7 thi\u1ebfp \u0111i tr\u00ean v\u00e1n g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfu.<\/i><\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam t\u00f4i gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh t\u1ec9nh d\u1eady, v\u00ec b\u1ecb nh\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u kinh kh\u1ee7ng, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ru\u1ed9t gan, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng quay cu\u1ed3ng l\u1ed9n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00f4i nghe th\u1ea5y m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe nh\u01b0 xa x\u0103m l\u1eafm, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00f4ng n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng: C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i cha g\u1ecdi con kh\u00f4ng? \u00d4ng b\u1ea3o:\u201cPh\u1ea3i\u201d[41]<\/b><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

Sau khi c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y vi\u00ean thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, u\u1ed1ng xong ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i ti\u1ebfng, Vachet b\u00f2 ra s\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng ng\u00e3 l\u0103n ra b\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh. Vachet s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh trong 18 th\u00e1ng, \u00f4ng k\u1ec3:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00f2n Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rithe, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1t n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1n s\u1ed1t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 24 ng\u00e0y l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t s\u1ee9c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft t\u00f3c v\u00e0 m\u00f3ng tay v\u00e0ng kh\u00e8 nh\u01b0 v\u00e0ng r\u00f2ng; ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u1edf trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u00f4ng Guyart v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Maurillon v\u1ec1 k\u1ecbp. \u00d4ng Maurillon l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 cho thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady<\/i>\u201d[42]<\/a><\/p>\n

Vachet k\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp: Sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c h\u1ebft s\u1ed1t, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha Luc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, cho bi\u1ebft: vi\u00ean Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 b\u1ecb thi\u00eau n\u1eeda ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ee7. \u00d4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fa t\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ee3 con l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 t\u1ebf, b\u1eb1ng hai qu\u1ea3 m\u1ee9t cam T\u1ea7u, theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb t\u00ean l\u00e0… (Cha Luc “gh\u00ea t\u1edfm” n\u00ean “kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m” nh\u1edb t\u00ean!) \u0111\u00e3 cho \u00f4ng ta ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch thi h\u00e0nh, n\u00ean \u00f4ng ta b\u1ecb Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t. 24 gi\u1edd sau, \u00f4ng ta qua \u0111\u1eddi.[43]<\/a><\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Guyart k\u1ec3: T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Maurillon l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa cho \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. Th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1edbt, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i chuy\u1ec3n ng\u00e0i l\u00ean Qu\u1ea3ng Nghi\u00e3 [Ng\u00e3i]. C\u1ea3 \u0111o\u00e0n m\u1eb7c y ph\u1ee5c b\u00ean l\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ee9c \u00f4ng n\u1eb1m v\u00f5ng, t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Vachet \u0111i ng\u1ef1a. Ai h\u1ecfi th\u00ec b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n; t\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eadu \u1edf H\u1ed9i An, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3. \u0110i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf su\u1ed1t v\u00f9ng nam t\u1eeb N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n l\u00ean Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, v\u1edbi 40 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u, ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o. \u0110\u1ebfn Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, t\u00f4i \u0111i H\u1ed9i An, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ee9c \u00f4ng \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 2 th\u00e1ng[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Guyart vi\u1ebft th\u00eam:<\/p>\n

“Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, \u0110\u1ee9c \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o cha Barth\u00e9lemy d’Acosta, D\u00f2ng T\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u00e1u Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/i> [sang japonais<\/i>] ph\u1ea3i theo ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Cl\u00e9ment IX <\/i>[\u0111\u1ea1o <\/i>lu\u1eadt 1669 c\u1ee7a Cl\u00e9ment IX: c\u1ea5m Nghi L\u1ec5] nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh, c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 gan n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng Ch\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u1ebf T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5p cho \u00f4ng ta b\u1ea3n sao ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh; v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta c\u1ea7n qu\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n y c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n \u00f4ng ta c\u00f3 ba \u0111i\u1ec3m: ra l\u1ec7nh, chu\u1ea9n y v\u00e0 x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u th\u00e1nh. Sau khi t\u00f4i <\/i>[Guyart] ch\u1ec9 cho \u00f4ng ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u: n\u00f3i b\u1eady nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng To\u00e0 th\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u00edch th\u00edch nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 trong nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, \u00f4ng ta m\u1edbi h\u1ee9a l\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1eefa.”<\/i>[45]<\/b><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

Hai c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Vachet v\u00e0 Guyart tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd:<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3 hai gi\u00e1o s\u0129 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Guyart v\u00e0 Vachet \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u1ea3 nghi \u00ab\u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c\u00bb \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c: quan Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 <\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vachet ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u00f4ng n\u00e0y tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 t\u00ean. Guyart v\u00e0 Vachet \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch Barth\u00e9lemy d’Acosta<\/i> (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt), h\u1ed7n h\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng nghe l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u00e3 v\u1edbi Jean de la Croix<\/i> (ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3). Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5 t\u1ed9i cho phi\u00e1 th\u00e2n B\u1ed3, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u201cc\u00f3 l\u00fd\u201d, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n vi\u00ean quan \u201ctr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7\u201d?<\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7<\/i>, Vachet g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gouverneur<\/i>, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 t\u1ec9nh n\u00e0o? N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 th\u1eadt, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ra l\u1ec7nh b\u1eaft Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 xong. Vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nghe l\u1ec7nh ai? B\u1edfi v\u00ec Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0o “l\u1eadu”, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c xong th\u00ec b\u1ecb Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi ph\u1ea1t ch\u1ebft ch\u00e1y ngay! Ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 n\u00e0y h\u01a1i thi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0 ai ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c<\/b>, cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m m\u1ee9c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nguy hi\u1ec3m, khi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng to\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n, l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa \u1edf Quy Nh\u01a1n do c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 v\u00e0 \u00dd l\u1eadp ra.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, c\u0169ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft th\u00eam:<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c d\u1eebng \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i t\u1edbi hai th\u00e1ng, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i th\u1eb3ng H\u1ed9i An v\u1edbi Guyart:<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103m m\u1ed9 Hainques v\u00e0 Brindeau.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i,<\/i> h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1o do Hainques v\u00e0 Brindeau g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, n\u01a1i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c nho h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p L\u1eef Y \u0110oan,<\/i> t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u1eadp Kinh Th\u00e1nh di\u1ec5n n\u00f4m S\u1ea5m Truy\u1ec1n Ca<\/i>. L\u1eef Y \u0110oan (Louis \u0110oan) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c s\u1ebd c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd c\u1eady \u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u. N\u00ean Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p L\u1eef Y \u0110oan, v\u00ec ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh di\u1ec5n n\u00f4m, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edd<\/i> L\u1eef Y \u0110oan vi\u1ebft d\u00f9m l\u00e1 th\u01b0 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n,<\/i> xin ch\u00faa cho \u201ct\u1ef1 do gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d nh\u01b0 ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng sau.<\/p>\n

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Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp D\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 (Les Amantes de la Croix)<\/b><\/p>\n

Theo Vachet, khi t\u1edbi Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u1edf nh\u00e0 b\u00e0 Luce, m\u1ed9t g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o, quen bi\u1ebft cha Hainques khi \u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3ng trinh mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 Ch\u00faa, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c h\u1ecfi b\u00e0 Luce c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che ch\u1edf cho nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? B\u00e0 g\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi. V\u00e0 nh\u00e0 b\u00e0 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 \u1ea5m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3ng trinh n\u00e0y. Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe b\u00e8n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i n\u1eef tu D\u00f2ng M\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1<\/i> (Les Amantes de la Croix) t\u1ea1i An Ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng Visitation<\/i> do th\u00e1nh Fran\u00e7ois de Sales \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp ra ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

D\u00f2ng M\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u00e1m n\u1eef tu, S\u01a1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec ba m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i, l\u00e0 em g\u00e1i tu s\u0129 Joseph[46]<\/a>, linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00e0ng Trong do cha Hainques \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 g\u1eedi sang Xi\u00eam, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong linh m\u1ee5c th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1667. Hai anh em \u00f4ng l\u00e0 hai tu s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/i> \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng: B\u00e0 l\u00e0 S\u01a1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec D\u00f2ng M\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cai qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n nh\u01b0 cha X\u1ee9, do Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Xi\u00eam.<\/p>\n

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C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng H\u1ed9i An 1672<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c Fuciti v\u00e0 Baudet \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i kh\u1ecfi, cha Marquez kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i An.<\/i><\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Guyart \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi t\u1edbi H\u1ed9i An b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng r\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe sang, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng H\u1ed9i An, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u00abph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ecdng\u00bb v\u00e0 \u00abth\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00bb, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u nh\u00e0 bu\u00f4n<\/i>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o s\u0129<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (Synode), t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Cho n\u00ean Guyart \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n v\u1ec1 th\u1eb3ng H\u1ed9i An tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec3 lo li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, trong khi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u1edf l\u1ea1i Qu\u00e3ng Ng\u00e3i hai th\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 L\u1eef Y \u0110oan v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c nho h\u1ecdc, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp D\u00f2ng M\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1<\/i> t\u1ea1i An Ch\u1ec9, Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 15-1-1672, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i An[47]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i An l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 “qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf”, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Gia-T\u00f4 l\u1edbn, l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, theo Vachet, Baonh\u00e9 <\/i>[B\u1ebfn Ngh\u00e9?] l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 8.000 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi 4 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd. Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh 12 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 nghe x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i, r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i B\u1ebfn Ngh\u00e9, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng to\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng H\u1ed9i An. G\u1ed3m c\u00f3: s\u00e1u gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u00c2u ch\u00e2u, b\u1ed1n linh m\u1ee5c b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 80 th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng.<\/i>[48]<\/b><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n uy c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng to\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. C\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 n\u0103m ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng, m\u00e0 b\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Alexandre VII [phong ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng t\u00f2a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p cho \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i] v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Cl\u00e9ment IX [c\u1ea5m L\u1ec5 Nghi]. Ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Cl\u00e9ment X, k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng H\u1ed9i An 1672 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/p>\n

– X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ea1 v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng to\u00e0, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c cha D\u00f2ng T\u00ean ng\u01b0\u00f2i B\u1ed3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

– X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i La M\u00e3 v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5m Nghi l\u1ec5<\/i>.[49]<\/a><\/p>\n

– Gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Guyart \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ch\u1ee9c T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong<\/i> (Vicaire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral), l\u00e0m cha B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean, thay m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf H\u1ed9i An.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 15-2-1672, Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe r\u1eddi H\u1ed9i An \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Xi\u00eam, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, \u00f4ng gh\u00e9 N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c khi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111em theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean v\u1ec1 Xi\u00eam h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o<\/i>, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng<\/i>, tuy \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea5m. Gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n, th\u1ea5y Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t m\u1eebng. Trong t\u00e1m ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u00e0m c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 ki\u00ean t\u00edn (confirmation), l\u1ec5 x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i. Cha Joseph, linh m\u1ee5c b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c phong Cha X\u1ee9 (Cur\u00e9) cai qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c xu\u1ed1ng Fumoy [Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean] thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Mahot ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch, u\u1ef7 l\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y. R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng Nha Phu, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 Xi\u00eam, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft qu\u00e1 x\u1ea5u, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 chia tay Guyart, T\u1ed5ng \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ec5n ch\u00e2n \u00f4ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 29-3-1672, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe l\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n r\u1eddi \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, v\u1ec1 t\u1edbi Xi\u00eam cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng t\u01b0[50]<\/a>, <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Claude Guyart, T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong<\/b><\/p>\n

Claude Guyart, (c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 ghi Guiart) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 Guyart l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 kim ho\u00e0n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf Paris, \u00f4ng sinh kho\u1ea3ng 1636, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd trong gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn Saint-Barth\u00e9lemy, \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y 8-11-1665. Qua \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0y 24-5-1673 \u1edf Bau-Nghe [?] Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1665, khi linh m\u1ee5c Jacques de Bourges[51]<\/a> t\u1eeb Xi\u00eam tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9 th\u00eam gi\u00e1o s\u0129, Guyart \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i theo[52]<\/a>. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng 29 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1671 Guyart \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi sang \u0110\u00e0ng Trong \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong c\u1ee7a Lambert de la Motte. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c, ngh\u0129 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng qua kh\u1ecfi, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u0103n tr\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vachet: Guyart k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p, n\u1ebfu Guyart ch\u1ebft, s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn phi\u00ean Mahot. S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Hai gi\u00e1o s\u0129 tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i, t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb Xi\u00eam ng\u00e0y 11-7-1671, g\u1eedi H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o, Guyart k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c g\u1eedi \u0111i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, \u00f4ng tr\u00e1 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i bu\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i An s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Maurillon, m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n g\u1ee5i ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n [Maurillon ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eefa cho Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 Vachet b\u1ecb ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c \u1edf N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n]. Theo Guyart, Maurillon cho \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u0103n nh\u00e0 \u1edf H\u1ed9i An v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u00f4ng l\u00e0m tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c, Maurillon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xin ch\u00faa cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0o x\u1ee9 hay \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111i. N\u1ebfu ch\u00faa b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng, \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng sang \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh[53]<\/a>. Tuy nhi\u00ean l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed1n v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0ng Trong kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00eam nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i K\u00fd s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 T\u1ed5ng \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong<\/i> c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai, vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

Khi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb gi\u00e3 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eb7n T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Guyart ph\u1ea3i \u0111i th\u0103m h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 Guyart l\u00e0m ngay.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00d4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i ban \u0111\u00eam, ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb ch\u00fa \u00fd”. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n m\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 xin ch\u00faa gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ec7n, n\u00ean v\u1eabn di chuy\u1ec3n k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o\u00bb<\/i>[54]<\/b><\/i><\/a>.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 6-2-1672, Guyart vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu tu s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o:<\/p>\n

\u00abT\u00f4i \u0111ang \u1edf gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh <\/i>[entre des soldats] ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n. T\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00ec quen bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tu s\u0129 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 theo \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c cha \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng cho h\u1ecd tin theo…<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n l\u1eafm, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c […] Ba \u0111\u00eam cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i cho 26 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9. \u1ea4y l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 xin l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1edbi, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 ban ph\u00e9p l\u00e0nh.<\/i><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9c su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 nghe x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec9 hai gi\u1edd tr\u00ean h\u0103m b\u1ed1n. Cha Joseph, linh m\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, c\u0169ng b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i th\u00fa th\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng, tim t\u00f4i r\u01b0\u1edbm m\u00e1u khi th\u1ea5y bao nhi\u00eau t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm ho\u1ea1c h\u00e9o m\u00f2n v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu gi\u00e1o s\u0129. M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng cho bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i cho 2.400 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb khi hai \u00f4ng Hainques v\u00e0 Brindeau qua \u0111\u1eddi. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i cho kho\u1ea3ng 500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb khi t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y<\/i>[55]<\/a>“.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u00e1 th\u01b0 Guyart vi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 10-3-1673 g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 To\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh,<\/i> l\u00fac n\u00e0y Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 Xi\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, Guyart n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai.<\/i><\/p>\n

 <\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Guyart<\/b><\/p>\n

Sau khi Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 Xi\u00eam, Guyart ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i th\u0103m nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd trong x\u1ee9, theo l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chung c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn xin l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng sau khi nghe nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i theo<\/i>,<\/b> h\u1ecd b\u1ecf. S\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n ra d\u1ee5 c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea1o [cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y d\u1ee5 c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n] m\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai<\/i>.<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong th\u01b0 ng\u00e0y 10-3-1673 <\/i>g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 To\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh,<\/b> vi\u1ebft cho <\/b>c\u00e1c H\u1ed3ng Y trong H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o La M\u00e3, Guyart \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Guyart t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng: m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau khi Hainques v\u00e0 Brindeau qua \u0111\u1eddi, s\u1ed1 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eabn l\u00ean r\u1ea5t cao:<\/b><\/i> <\/b>th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng t\u00ean Hilaire, k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho \u00f4ng nghe m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i cho 2.400 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 600.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb khi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0ng Trong cho t\u1edbi l\u00fac \u00f4ng \u0111i kh\u1ecfi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 trong g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 2.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi,<\/i><\/b> ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00f4ng Mahot v\u00e0 \u00f4ng, hai tu s\u0129 Ph\u00e1p, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi hai tu s\u0129 Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh. Trong khi Barth\u00e9l\u00e9my d’Acosta, linh m\u1ee5c D\u00f2ng T\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Guyart \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: Ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o<\/i> c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5t \u00fd theo \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ta th\u1ea5y Guyart \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i 180 \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n quan ni\u1ec7m l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u, \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch Barth\u00e9l\u00e9my d’Acosta v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng theo s\u00e1t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai.<\/p>\n

Guyart tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Hainques ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc: \u00f4ng<\/b> ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5m th\u1edd c\u00fang t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean l\u01b0\u01a1ng theo \u0111\u1ea1o<\/b>. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 Barth\u00e9l\u00e9my d’Acosta, theo l\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng T\u00ean, thu ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Ba th\u00e1ng sau Guyart qua \u0111\u1eddi. \u1ede tu\u1ed5i 37.<\/p>\n

Vachet ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0i d\u00f2ng ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Guyart:<\/p>\n

“Ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u00d4. Guyart kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, b\u1ed7ng \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y gan ru\u1ed9t \u0111au qu\u1eb7n th\u1eaft. Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y h\u0103m b\u1ed1n gi\u1edd sau, \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi. \u00d4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eed ki\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. \u00d4ng ra \u0111i ng\u00e0y 3-6-1673.<\/i><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Claude Guyart, T\u1ed5ng \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m cho \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb9p tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi trong x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu tin l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngoan \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u00f4ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ban nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1…<\/i>[57]<\/a>“<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed Guyart m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u00e9p \u1edf tr\u00ean, H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai ghi \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y 24-5-1673 \u1edf Bau-nghe, t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i[58]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ai vi\u1ebft g\u00ec th\u00eam v\u1ec1 Guyart n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Hainques, Brindeau, Guyart \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n, n\u00ean h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp)<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

  <\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Launay, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823,<\/i> t\u1eadp I, trang 1. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ef1a theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Launay, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00f4ng ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i V\u0103n kh\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai <\/i>(Archives des Missions \u00c9trang\u00e8res) (A.M.E). Ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed Lambert de la Motte tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Launay L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823<\/i>, t\u1eadp I, trang 76.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Fran\u00e7ois Deydier l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe c\u1eed \u0111i \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i (xem k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> H\u1ed3i k\u00fd c\u1ee7a Vachet, in trong Launay, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823,<\/i> t\u1eadp I, trang 7.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/missionsetrangeres.com\/mgr-pierre-lambert-de-la-motte-1624-1679<\/i><\/a>.<\/i><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Theo b\u00e0i Mgr Pierre Lambert de la Motte (1624-1679),<\/i> m\u1ea1ng: Missions \u00e9trang\u00e8res de Paris,<\/i> v\u00e0 b\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c cha Pierre Lambert de La Motte<\/i> (Lisieux. 1624-1679) <\/i>c\u1ee7a Trinh Nguy\u00ean<\/a>, m\u1ea1ng: Gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam Paris: http:\/\/giaoxuvnparis.org\/chi-tiet\/duc-cha-pierre-lambert-de-la-motte-lisieux-1624-1679-trinh-nguyen.html<\/i><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Launay, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf B\u1eafc k\u1ef3,1658-1717, <\/i>trang 78-116.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> K\u00fd s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i trong n\u0103m 1672-1675, <\/i>Launay, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf B\u1eafc k\u1ef3, 1658-1717, <\/i>trang 177.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Th\u01b0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte g\u1eedi \u00f4ng Brisacier ng\u00e0y 16-11-1676, in trong L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf B\u1eafc k\u1ef3, 1658-1717, <\/i>c\u1ee7a Launay, trang 177.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Theo b\u00e0i Mgr Pierre Lambert de la Motte (1624-1679),<\/i> in tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng: https:\/\/missionsetrangeres.com\/mgr-pierre-lambert-de-la-motte-1624-1679<\/i><\/a>. <\/i><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Th\u01b0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte, <\/i>in trong L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1832, <\/i>I, trang 10.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> Mrg Lambert de La Motte au Pape <\/i>(Th\u01b0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de La Motte g\u1eedi Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng), A.M.E, vol 876, p.103, in l\u1ea1i trong Launay, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823,<\/i> t\u1eadp I, trang 11. Nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu ti\u1ebfng La tinh, Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1edd Google d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Google.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0i Mgr Pierre Lambert de la Motte (1624-1679)<\/i><\/a> <\/i>tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng Missions \u00c9trang\u00e8res de Paris, <\/i>l\u1ea1i <\/i>ghi ng\u00e0y 3-10-1663<\/i>. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a Launay b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m h\u01a1n b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai, tr\u00ean Internet, v\u00ec b\u00e0i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ghi xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ai l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> Etat des affaires et des propositions qui doivennt \u00eatre expos\u00e9s par M. de Bourges<\/i>, in trong, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1832, <\/i>Launay I, trang 11.<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> Theo b\u00e0i Mgr Pierre Lambert de la Motte (1624-1679)<\/i><\/a> <\/i>tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng https:\/\/missionsetrangeres.com\/mgr-pierre-lambert-de-la-motte-1624-1679<\/i><\/a>. <\/i><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> Theo b\u00e0i Mgr Pierre Lambert de la Motte (1624-1679)<\/i><\/a> <\/i>tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng <\/i>https:\/\/missionsetrangeres.com\/mgr-pierre-lambert-de-la-motte-1624-1679<\/i><\/a>.<\/i><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> Ho\u1eb7c 14-6-1637, t\u00f9y theo t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1832, <\/i>Launay, quy\u1ec3n I, trang 44.<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1832, <\/i>Launay, quy\u1ec3n I, trang 46.<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1832, <\/i>quy\u1ec3n I, trang 62.<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1832, <\/i>Launay, quy\u1ec3n I, trang 45-46.<\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1832, <\/i>Launay, quy\u1ec3n I, trang 63-64.<\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> Thi h\u00e0i Brindeau ch\u1ec9 tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y 2 ng\u00e0y ch\u01b0a kh\u00e2m li\u1ec7m v\u00e0 20 ng\u00e0y sau khi li\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> 5 d\u1eb7m: kho\u1ea3ng 21km500.<\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1832, <\/i>Launay, quy\u1ec3n I, trang 64.<\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> Th\u01b0 \u00d4. Mahot g\u1eedi ban gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai, in trong L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1832,<\/i> Launay, <\/i>quy\u1ec3n I, trang 63.<\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> La Cochinchine Religieuse <\/i>c\u1ee7a Louis-Eug\u00e8ne Louvet in n\u0103m 1885, quy\u1ec3n 1, trang 287.<\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1832, <\/i>Launay, quy\u1ec3n I, trang 53-54.<\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam k\u1ef3, 1658-1717, <\/i>Launay, trang 78-116.<\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 76.<\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> D\u1eb7m<\/i> <\/i>(une lieue), thay \u0111\u1ed5i tu\u1ef3 n\u01a1i, t\u1eeb g\u1ea7n 2 c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n 5 c\u00e2y s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

[32]<\/a> <\/i>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 82.<\/p>\n

[33]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 83. <\/p>\n

[34]<\/a> <\/i>V\u1ec1 L\u00e2m Thuy\u00ean c\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Lambert de la Motte<\/i> <\/i>\u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 t\u00ean L\u00e2m Thuy\u1ec1n hay L\u00e0m Thuy\u1ec1n? <\/i>c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7 in tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed X\u01b0a v\u00e0 Nay, s\u1ed1 553 th\u00e1ng 7-2023. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i: Lam Thuyen<\/i> l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng To\u00e0 d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 g\u00ec, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i khi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 t\u00ean L\u00e2m Thuy\u1ec1n, <\/i>v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: \u00ab\u0110\u00fang t\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 L\u00e2m To\u1ea3n, ho\u1ea1c L\u00e2m To\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u00e2m Tuy\u1ec1n<\/i>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

[35]<\/a> \u0110\u1ea1i Nam Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ed1ng Ch\u00ed, t\u1eadp 3, Nxb Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1, 1992, trang 93.<\/p>\n

[36]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 84-85.<\/p>\n

[37]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 85- 86.<\/p>\n

[38]<\/a> Vachet vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y: Ch\u00faa Hi\u1ec1n giao cho cha Marquez 10.000 \u00e9cus \u0111em sang Macao mua h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi, n\u00ean ch\u00faa tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eafm t\u00e0u. D’Acosta cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7u n\u00e0o d\u00e1m \u0111i t\u1eeb Macao, v\u00ec s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb ch\u00faa b\u1eaft, t\u1ecbch thu h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n ch\u00faa b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t. \u0110o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 tin: T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00faa l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eafm chi\u1ebfc t\u1ea7u tr\u00ean c\u00f3 cha Marquez? V\u00ec t\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eafm, cha Marquez ch\u1ebft, ch\u00faa m\u1edbi m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n, v\u1eady ch\u00faa c\u00f2n tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 ai? L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 86-87.<\/p>\n

[39]<\/a> \u0110\u1ed7 Quang Ch\u00ednh, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef 1620-1659, <\/i>trang 22, ch\u00fa th\u00edch s\u1ed1 1.<\/p>\n

[40]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 87-88.<\/p>\n

[41]<\/a> <\/i>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 93.<\/i><\/p>\n

[42]<\/a> <\/i>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823,<\/i> Launay I, trang 94.<\/p>\n

[43]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 92-93-94.<\/p>\n

[44]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 94.<\/p>\n

[45]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 94.<\/p>\n

[46]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 97, 114.<\/p>\n

[47]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang104.<\/p>\n

[48]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 106.<\/p>\n

[49]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 107.<\/p>\n

[50]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1832, <\/i>Launay I, trang 112- 116.<\/p>\n

[51]<\/a> Jacques de Bourges c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Fran\u00e7ois Deydier, l\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean theo Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e9rythe sang Xi\u00eam, v\u1ec1 sau hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c T\u00f4ng to\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

[52]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1832, <\/i>Launay I, trang 75.<\/p>\n

[53]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1832, <\/i>Launay I, trang 118.<\/p>\n

[54]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 119.<\/p>\n

[55]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 118-119.<\/p>\n

[56]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 119- 120.<\/p>\n

[57]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 121.<\/p>\n

[58]<\/a> L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, 1658-1823, <\/i>Launay I, trang 75.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft, \u00e2m m\u01b0u, k\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft b\u00ed \u1ea9n trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e1m \u0111\u1eb7t nghi v\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i l\u1ec7nh Vatican v\u1ec1 Nghi l\u1ec5, khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Lambert de La Motte, \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng to\u00e0 \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u00f4ng gai, hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1108,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,9,181],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-101267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-nghien-cuu","category-tu-lieu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101267","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1108"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=101267"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101267\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":101268,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101267\/revisions\/101268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=101267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=101267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=101267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}