{"id":1010,"date":"2008-10-21T09:06:30","date_gmt":"2008-10-21T09:06:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/2008\/10\/l%e1%bb%9di-co-bu%e1%bb%99c-v%e1%bb%81-nh-van-lm-kh%c6%a1i-l%e1%ba%a1i-qu-kh%e1%bb%a9-dau-bu%e1%bb%93n-%e1%bb%9f-czech\/"},"modified":"2019-03-11T23:37:37","modified_gmt":"2019-03-11T23:37:37","slug":"loi-cao-buoc-ve-nha-van-lam-khoi-lai-qua-khu-dau-buon-o-czech","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/1010\/loi-cao-buoc-ve-nha-van-lam-khoi-lai-qua-khu-dau-buon-o-czech","title":{"rendered":"L\u1eddi Cáo Bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Nhà V\u0103n Làm Kh\u01a1i L\u1ea1i Quá Kh\u1ee9 \u0110au Bu\u1ed3n \u1edf Czech"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nguy\u1ec5n th\u1ecb H\u1ea3i H\u00e0<\/strong> chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/p>\n

Prague <\/strong>\u2013 Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trong m\u1ed9t v\u1edf k\u1ecbch \u0111ang r\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a Czech: Milan Kundera, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7p b\u00e1o vi\u00ean T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi C\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Czechoslovakia khi \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean 21 tu\u1ed5i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec7p vi\u00ean, Miroslav Dvoracek, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ed3i t\u00f9 14 n\u0103m, v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed5 sai trong h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf uranium.<\/p>\n

\"Milan_Kundera\"<\/a> Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u tay c\u1ee7a Kundera, \u201cThe Joke,\u201d (t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Chuy\u1ec7n \u0110\u00f9a), m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u00e0o ph\u00fang m\u1ec9a mai n\u01b0\u1edbc Czech d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Stalin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950; nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh, Ludvik Jahn, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng S\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111u\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc sau khi b\u1ecb b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a anh, Pavel, t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c. V\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u1ed9i kh\u00f3 ng\u1edd l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4i h\u00e0i, Ludvik \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

\u00cdt ai kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ngay s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 th\u00eam m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u2013 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i \u00e1m \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Kundera \u2013 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5y l\u00ean h\u1eb3n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t tr\u0103n tr\u1edf t\u1ef1 v\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c L\u1eddi c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7c san ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n Respekt ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 Hai v\u00e0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c Kundera \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1eed gia \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 cho d\u00f9 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t danh ti\u1ebfng Kundera, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i. \u1ede m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi chuy\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n Kundera m\u00e0 b\u1eaft v\u00e0o t\u00e2m t\u01b0 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111ang g\u1eb7m nh\u1eafm C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Czech v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp tay v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trong su\u1ed1t 41 n\u0103m cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a Czech, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a NATO v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i Soviet \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf. Tuy th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 r\u00f5 v\u00e0o d\u0129 v\u00e3ng.<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang v\u1edbi Kundera, n\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Czech,\u201d Petr Tresnak n\u00f3i; \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i b\u00e1o tr\u00ean Respekt. \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 gh\u00ea t\u1edfm nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra th\u1eddi \u1ea5y.\u201d<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cho qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 ganh gh\u00e9t mang \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh Trung \u00c2u r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Kundera, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea1t xa l\u00e1nh t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u00f4ng Kundera l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 trong gi\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u2013 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khen ng\u1ee3i v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn si\u00eau h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m nh\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c \u2013 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Czech \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tha th\u1ee9 cho \u00f4ng t\u1ed9i b\u1ecf x\u1ee9 \u0111i sang Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1975, v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng h\u01a1n khi \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch n\u1ed5i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\u201cS\u1ef1 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 Kundera \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Czech xem nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i h\u1ecd su\u1ed1t bao n\u0103m qua,\u201d th\u1ec3 theo l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Petr A. Bilek, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng so s\u00e1nh[1]<\/a> \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Charles. \u201cC\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n c\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 xem th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n khi\u00eau d\u00e2m v\u1edbi v\u1ebb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng Bilek n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c n\u1eeda th\u00edch n\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 Kundera th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eabn xem t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u201cThe Unbearable Lightness of Being,\u201d hay \u0110\u1eddi Nh\u1eb9 Kh\u00f4n Kham theo d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Tr\u1ecbnh Y Th\u01b0, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u201cph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng\u201d b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i t\u00ecm cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec1 lau k\u00ednh c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 cao \u1ed1c. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng khai \u1edf Czech v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, h\u01a1n 25 n\u0103m sau khi n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Ph\u00e1p. S\u1ed1 b\u00e1n ra ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 10,000 quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Khi b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, Kundera, hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 th\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc Czech trong s\u1ef1 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u00e1n c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1ch \u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch v\u1ec1 Kundera, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh gia c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed3ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch l\u00ean b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Respekt, cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o m\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n \u0111ang b\u1ecb th\u00f9 gh\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em ra xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 \u00fd ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 \u00f4ng Kundera nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Jiri Pehe, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc Czech r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc New York \u1edf Prague, n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi vu c\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 chia r\u1ebb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Czech th\u00e0nh hai ph\u00e1i: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin \u00f4ng Kundera c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng xem \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd cho s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp tay c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd; v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1eddi l\u00f2ng ghen t\u1ecb nh\u1ecf m\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng n\u00f3i Czech \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i chuy\u00ean h\u1ea1 b\u1ec7 anh h\u00f9ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u1ef1u T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Vaclav Havel, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Nhung[2]<\/a> l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1989 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1991, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Czech l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f4ng \u00c2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m trong danh s\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ec9 vi\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ea1o Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng Pehe cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u00ednh b\u1eaby h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft sao cho 99 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Kundera l\u00e0m h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed9t r\u1eeda m\u1ecdi t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u,\u201d \u00f4ng Pehe n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eed gia th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng trong b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o b\u00ed m\u1eadt nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean c\u1ee7a Kundera \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1eef k\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Kundera th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o. Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, m\u1edbi v\u1eeba th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m nay b\u1edfi c\u00e1nh thi\u00ean h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Czech \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3i s\u01a1 th\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u201cKh\u00f4ng ai n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng nghi ng\u1edd ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u1eadt hay gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y,\u201d Vojtech Ripka ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ban t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n. \u201cch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u0103n ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt danh ti\u1ebfng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00f4ng Kundera, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u00ecnh c\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1.\u201d Ripka n\u00f3i Kundera \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ripka cho bi\u1ebft tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng khi Adam Dradilek, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n \u0111ang bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111i\u1ec7p vi\u00ean \u0111i b\u1ed9\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 \u2013 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec7p vi\u00ean cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i Hradilek t\u00ecnh c\u1edd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Kundera trong khi thu th\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Iva Militka, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng xa v\u1edbi Hradilek, b\u00e0 v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 tr\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng Dvoracek b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m t\u00f9.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ec3 theo h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean trang Web c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng Ba n\u0103m 1950, \u00f4ng Kundera \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Dvoracek \u1edf Prague. Dvoracek \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Czechoslovak v\u00e0 sau cu\u1ed9c l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1948, tr\u1ed1n qua \u0110\u1ee9c, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o M\u1ef9 tuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Ripka n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Hradilek thu th\u1eadp cho th\u1ea5y Dvoracek \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Militka, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u0169, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u00fai h\u00e0nh l\u00fd \u1edf c\u0103n chung c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. B\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, Miroslav Dlask, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho Kundera nghe. \u00d4ng Dvoracek b\u1ecb b\u1eaft khi \u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y t\u00fai h\u00e0nh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng b\u1ecb tuy\u00ean \u00e1n t\u00f9 22 n\u0103m v\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n \u00e1n 14 n\u0103m, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed5 sai trong h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf uranium.<\/p>\n

Chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ed m\u1eadt n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00e0ng m\u1edd \u00e1m h\u01a1n khi Zdenek Pesat, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o cho CTK c\u01a1 quan th\u00f4ng tin Czech r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng Dlask \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o cho \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u00f4ng Dvoracek v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t b\u00ed m\u1eadt, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng Tr\u00e9nak, 32 tu\u1ed5i, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft b\u00e0i b\u00e1o Respekt, \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng Kundera, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, th\u00ec v\u1ec1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec Kundera \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p m\u1ea1nh tay theo ki\u1ec3u Stalin, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n x\u1eed b\u1eafn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng ta n\u00f3i th\u00eam l\u00e0 \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t b\u1ecb ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi hung h\u00e3n c\u1ee7a Kundera. \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi ng\u1edd nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a Kundera,\u201d \u00f4ng n\u00f3i. \u201cNh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 \u2018C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng?\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

Ivo Pondelicek, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean phong v\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00e3 quen bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng Kundera c\u1ea3 n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, n\u00f3i b\u1ea1n \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o ai c\u1ea3. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 50, Kundera l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00f2ng ganh t\u1ecb uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Kundera.<\/p>\n

\u201cMilan lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m \u2013 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf,\u201d Pondelicek n\u00f3i. \u201cN\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi cung c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y.\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Pondelicek n\u00f3i, Kundera \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafn l\u1ea1i trong m\u00e1y ghi \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u201cCh\u00fang n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0169 heo!\u00b4L\u00fac \u1ea5y \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 Kundera c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u1edf k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i, \u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng Kundera v\u1eeba ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh g\u00ecn gi\u1eef bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m nay \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ti\u00eau tan.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Source: The New York Times – Accusation Against Milan Kundera<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a> Comparative literature, hay v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng so s\u00e1nh l\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, phong t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 16 th\u00e1ng 11 cho \u0111\u1ebfn 29 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1989 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Czech<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trong m\u1ed9t v\u1edf k\u1ecbch \u0111ang r\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a Czech: Milan Kundera, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, b\u1ecb c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7p b\u00e1o vi\u00ean T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi C\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Czechoslovakia khi \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean 21 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1177,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,39,130],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-do-day","category-sinh-hoat","category-tin-van-hc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1010","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1177"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1010"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1010\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":56815,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1010\/revisions\/56815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1010"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1010"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1010"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}