{"id":10011,"date":"2009-11-19T01:04:00","date_gmt":"2009-11-19T01:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/damau.org\/archives\/10011"},"modified":"2019-02-26T03:04:36","modified_gmt":"2019-02-26T03:04:36","slug":"noi-ban-khoan-cua-con-va-cai-trong-tieng-viet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/10011\/noi-ban-khoan-cua-con-va-cai-trong-tieng-viet","title":{"rendered":"N\u1ed7i b\u0103n kho\u0103n c\u1ee7a "con" và "cái" trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t"},"content":{"rendered":"

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T\u00f4i nh\u1edb, thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1o t\u1eeb trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb l\u00e0 ai, cho bi\u1ebft, Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1c duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 "\u0111\u1ef1c<\/i> r\u1ef1a", c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i r\u1eb7t gi\u1ed1ng "c\u00e1i". Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u b\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o, nghi\u00eam t\u00fac hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u bi\u1ebfm k\u00fd, \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00fac tr\u00e0 d\u01b0 t\u1eedu h\u1eadu. Ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, ki\u1ec3u l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c!!!<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i m\u1ea1n ph\u00e9p thay m\u1eb7t "c\u00e1i" gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1c duy nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1edb ng\u1ed5n ngang "m\u1ea1o t\u1eeb" c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef, b\u1ed9c b\u1ea1ch d\u0103m ba n\u1ed7i b\u0103n kho\u0103n: "C\u00e1i" c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng "c\u00e1i b\u00e0n", "c\u00e1i n\u1ed3i", "c\u00e1i ch\u1ed5i", v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u "c\u00e1i" kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, l\u1ebd n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1i t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0 la<\/i> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi le<\/i> trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, die<\/i> \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi der<\/i> trong ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c, cho s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng? C\u00f2n ph\u00e1i t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng "m\u1ea1o t\u1eeb" kh\u00e1c trong Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd gom h\u1ebft ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i cho v\u00e0o "gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba", nh\u1eadp nh\u1eb1ng ch\u1eb3ng ra l\u00e0m sao, nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1o t\u1eeb trung t\u00ednh das<\/i> trong \u0110\u1ee9c ng\u1eef? Sao th\u1ea5y v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eeba b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng cho ch\u00fang qu\u00e1! Ch\u00fang l\u1ee1 v\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed9i g\u00ec m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb "c\u00e1i" gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u00edt \u1ecfi \u1ea5y b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1i t\u00ednh l\u1eedng l\u01a1, tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng \u1ea5y?<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i l\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 "gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef" cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam th\u00ec bi\u1ebft ra, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng "c\u00e1i", nh\u1eefng "con" v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 le<\/i>, la<\/i> hay der<\/i>, die<\/i>, das<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u00e0, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i quy\u1ec3n v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Klassifikatoren<\/i>: "Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb", hay ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 "lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb".<\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i xin c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

"C\u00e1i" v\u00e0 "con" l\u00e0 hai d\u1ea1ng lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u0129nh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb "c\u00e1i": c\u00e1i nh\u00e0, c\u00e1i t\u1ee7, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e8n, c\u00e1i \u00e1o, c\u00e1i k\u00e9o, c\u00e1i ch\u00e9n, c\u00e1i mu\u1ed7ng, v.v\u2026 Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: "c\u0103n" ho\u1eb7c "ng\u00f4i" nh\u00e0, "c\u00e2y" ho\u1eb7c "ng\u1ecdn" \u0111\u00e8n, "chi\u1ebfc" \u00e1o, "c\u00e2y" k\u00e9o. Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean? Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m thu\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh: cho "nh\u00e0" th\u00ec "c\u00e1i" l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, c\u00f2n "c\u0103n" c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 san s\u00e1t; qua t\u1edbi "ng\u00f4i", nghe ra \u0111\u00e3 v\u0103n v\u1ebb v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 th\u1ebf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: "Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1eedu n\u1eb1m trong v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y \u00eam \u1ea3, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t."<\/i> Ho\u1eb7c: ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a, ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, ng\u00f4i bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1. Ho\u00e1n v\u1ecb "c\u00e1i" thay cho "ng\u00f4i", v\u0103n ph\u00e1p th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3\u2026 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0i ba m\u1ee9c. C\u00f2n "c\u0103n"? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t k\u1ef9, th\u1ea5y khang kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a "ng\u00f4i" m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c (\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i xin khe kh\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 v\u00f5 \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng?). "C\u00e2y" l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: th\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecdn, c\u00f3 t\u00e1n r\u1ed9ng g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n c\u00e2y, mang lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb "c\u00e2y": c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e8n, c\u00e2y vi\u1ebft, c\u00e2y \u0111inh, c\u00e2y kim, v.v\u2026 Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 "c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u"? T\u00f4i \u0111o\u00e1n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \u1edf qu\u00ea th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng th\u00e2n hay g\u1ed7 c\u00e2y l\u00e0m c\u1ea7u b\u1eafc ngang s\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

"V\u00ed d\u1ea7u c\u1ea7u v\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh,
<\/i>c\u1ea7u tre l\u1eaft l\u1ebbo g\u1eadp gh\u1ec1nh kh\u00f3 \u0111i" <\/i><\/p>\n

V\u00e0, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi "\u0111\u00e8n", v\u00ec c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 d\u00ednh l\u00edu v\u1edbi "l\u1eeda", n\u00ean mang th\u00eam lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb "ng\u1ecdn". M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 suy x\u00e9t chi ly, th\u1ea5y "c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e8n" v\u00e0 "ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n", tuy c\u00f9ng ng\u1eef t\u1ed9c nh\u01b0ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c: "Tr\u00f2 T\u00e8o, con nh\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o nh\u01b0ng si\u00eang h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00eam n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ng\u1ed3i h\u1ecdc b\u00e0i b\u00ean c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e8n d\u1ea7u th\u1eafp ng\u1ecdn leo l\u00e9t."<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb "c\u1ea7u" c\u00f2n s\u00ednh th\u00eam lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb "chi\u1ebfc". C\u1ed1 nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 Tr\u1ea7m T\u1eed Thi\u00eang c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c b\u00e0i "Chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e3y"<\/i> vang danh m\u1ed9t thu\u1edf: "M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y v\u00e0o thu\u1edf xa x\u01b0a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n kinh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng lao x\u00e2y chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u xinh\u2026"<\/i><\/p>\n

Th\u00f3i th\u01b0\u1eddng, "chi\u1ebfc" l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i: chi\u1ebfc gi\u00e0y, chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u0169a, chi\u1ebfc nh\u1eabn (c\u01b0\u1edbi), chi\u1ebfc b\u00f4ng tai, \u2026; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di chuy\u1ec3n: chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1ea1p, chi\u1ebfc xe b\u00f2, chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n, chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay, \u2026 Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 "chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u", "chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o", "chi\u1ebfc h\u00ecnh"? G\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, v\u00ec c\u1ea7u, \u00e1o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00f4i ch\u0103ng? C\u00f2n "h\u00ecnh", l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb "t\u1ea5m" ho\u1eb7c "b\u1ee9c", t\u1ea1i sao th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 "chi\u1ebfc h\u00ecnh"? Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch sao cho ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

"Chi\u1ebfc" c\u0169ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng cho "l\u00e1" (v\u00ec l\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng l\u00e1 k\u00e9p ch\u0103ng?), ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n "Chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 thu phai"<\/i>, t\u1ef1a m\u1ed9t ca kh\u00fac tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1 nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 Tr\u1ecbnh C\u00f4ng S\u01a1n. "\u2026M\u00f9a thu qua v\u1ed9i. M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m t\u1eafm g\u1ed9i. Gi\u1eadt m\u00ecnh \u00f4i, chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 thu phai\u2026"<\/i> M\u00e0 "l\u00e1" l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh cho nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 m\u1ecfng, nh\u1eb9, ph\u1ea5t ph\u01a1: l\u00e1 b\u00e0i, l\u00e1 th\u01b0, l\u00e1 c\u1edd, \u2026 Ho\u1eb7c g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1: "l\u00e1 gan", "l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i", "l\u00e1 s\u00e1ch" l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n th\u00eam \u1edf ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng, ng\u1ed9 ngh\u0129nh (hay c\u1eafc c\u1edb) \u1edf ch\u1ed7, m\u1ed9t trang gi\u1ea5y c\u0169ng m\u1ecfng, c\u0169ng nh\u1eb9, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea5t ph\u01a1 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb "l\u00e1", m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 "t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y" m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 suy ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng: t\u1edd b\u00e1o, t\u1edd th\u01b0 (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 "l\u00e1 th\u01b0" ho\u1eb7c "b\u1ee9c th\u01b0", nh\u01b0ng khi th\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3i trong phong b\u00ec, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0 "phong th\u01b0", nghe \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n).<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3ng d\u00e1n l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cu\u1ed9n hay cu\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh "cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch", "cu\u1ed1n v\u1edf", \u2026 \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb "quy\u1ec3n". \u0110\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nghe n\u00f3i t\u1edbi "quy\u1ec3n", ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung ra ngay \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec: quy\u1ec3n nh\u1eadt k\u00fd, quy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, quy\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n, v.v\u2026 B\u00e0n r\u1ed9ng ra, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u "quy\u1ec3n", ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t n\u00f3i "b\u1ed9" hay "pho": B\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch, b\u1ed9 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, pho t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n, pho kinh \u2026 "B\u1ed9" c\u0169ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111u\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed9p chung v\u1edbi nhau: b\u1ed9 b\u00e0i, b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef, b\u1ed9 ch\u00e9n d\u0129a, b\u1ed9 \u1ea5m tr\u00e0, b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, b\u1ed9 b\u00e0n gh\u1ebf, v.v\u2026<\/p>\n

Thay v\u00ec "b\u1ed9 b\u00e0i", "l\u00e1 b\u00e0i", ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u00f3i "c\u1ed7 b\u00e0i", "c\u00e2y b\u00e0i", \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi s\u0129 Ho\u00e0ng C\u1ea7m th\u1ea7m th\u00ec g\u00f3i gh\u00e9m trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 "C\u00e2y tam c\u00fac"<\/i>:<\/p>\n

"C\u1ed7 b\u00e0i tam c\u00fac m\u00e9p cong cong
R\u00fat tr\u1ed9m r\u01a1m nh\u00e0 \u0111i tr\u1ea3i \u1ed5<\/i><\/p>\n

\u2026<\/i><\/p>\n

Ngh\u00e9 c\u00e2y b\u00e0i t\u00ecm h\u01a1i t\u00f3c \u1ea5m
Em \u0111\u1eebng l\u1edbn n\u1eefa ch\u1ecb \u0111\u1eebng \u0111i<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 \u0111\u1ecf \u0111en chui s\u1ea5p ng\u1eeda
\u1ed4 r\u01a1m th\u01a1m \u0111\u1ecdng tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec … <\/i>"<\/i><\/p>\n

Khi b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 Ph\u1ea1m Duy ph\u1ed5 nh\u1ea1c c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng "L\u00e1 di\u00eau b\u00f4ng"<\/i>, "Qua v\u01b0\u1eddn \u1ed5i" <\/i>(t\u1ef1a \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 l\u00e0 "Qu\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1eddn \u1ed5i"<\/i>), v.v\u2026, cho th\u00e2u \u00e2m v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1980 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00e8m theo l\u1eddi l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 "ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng" c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh nh\u1ea1c s\u0129, \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn thi s\u0129 \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t phen kh\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1n [1]<\/a>. B\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh\u2026tr\u1eadt l\u1ea5t, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ca kh\u00fac ph\u1ed5 th\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2n nh\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t nam.<\/p>\n

"B\u00e0i" c\u0169ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft: b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, b\u00e0i h\u00e1t, b\u00e0i th\u01a1, \u2026 \u0110\u00f4i khi "b\u00e0i" \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01a1 tr\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh v\u1eady th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1a ca kh\u00fac "B\u00e0i cho em"<\/i> c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 T\u1eeb C\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee5ng; nh\u01b0ng nghe qua, hi\u1ec3u ngay \u00fd nh\u1ea1c s\u0129: "Chi\u1ec1u nay ng\u1ed3i vi\u1ebft ri\u00eang cho em, cho em b\u00e0i h\u00e1t \u00eam \u0111\u1ec1m, tr\u00f4i theo t\u1eebng ti\u1ebfng t\u01a1 m\u1ec1m\u2026" <\/i><\/p>\n

D\u00f9ng chung cho tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 "tr\u00e1i" (ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u00f3i "qu\u1ea3"): tr\u00e1i chu\u1ed1i, tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i, tr\u00e1i m\u00e3ng c\u1ea7u (qu\u1ea3 na), … Lo\u1ea1i hoa tr\u00e1i hay s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u01a1m th\u00e0nh ch\u00f9m, th\u00e0nh nh\u00fam, lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u1ee9 v\u1eady m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng: ch\u00f9m nho, ch\u00f9m hoa, ch\u00f9m ch\u00eca kho\u00e1, nh\u00fam t\u00f3c, ch\u00f9m l\u00f4ng … Sau n\u00e0y "ch\u00f9m" c\u00f2n mon men len v\u00e0o l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c thi ca: "Ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi ch\u00f9m th\u01a1 n\u0103m b\u00e0i, thi s\u0129 X \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong thi \u0111\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t nam"<\/i>, nghe r\u1ea5t… \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/i><\/p>\n

R\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ec1u mang lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb "tr\u00e1i" ho\u1eb7c "qu\u1ea3": qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u, qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng, tr\u00e1i tim, \u2026 C\u0169ng thi s\u0129 Ho\u00e0ng C\u1ea7m, trong thi ph\u1ea9m "Nam\u00f4 Xu\u00e2n"<\/i>:<\/p>\n

"\u0110\u1ecba c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o g\u1ea7y,
<\/i>c\u1eafn bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ea1m ng\u00f3n tay em c\u1ea7m \u2026"<\/i><\/p>\n

Cho ri\u00eang tr\u1ee9ng g\u00e0, tr\u1ee9ng v\u1ecbt, B\u1eafc n\u00f3i "qu\u1ea3 ", Nam kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i "tr\u00e1i" m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb "h\u1ed9t"; B\u1eafc \u0111a s\u1ef1: "qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng g\u00e0", Nam ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn: "h\u1ed9t g\u00e0". "H\u1ed9t" hay "h\u1ea1t" (gi\u1ecdng B\u1eafc) c\u00f2n l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng m\u1ea7m c\u00e2y tr\u00e1i (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ra, v\u00ec l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u00f3i "h\u1ed9t g\u00e0", "h\u1ed9t v\u1ecbt" ch\u0103ng?): H\u1ea1t na, h\u1ea1t nh\u00e3n, h\u1ed9t s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang, h\u1ed9t xo\u00e0i, \u2026 Nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u00f3: h\u1ea1t ti\u00eau, h\u1ea1t v\u1eebng, h\u1ed9t g\u1ea1o, v.v\u2026 V\u00e0, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3: h\u1ea1t s\u1ea1n, h\u1ed9t c\u00e1t, h\u1ea1t m\u01b0a \u2026 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea7m mi\u1ebfc g\u00ec r\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Ca dao Vi\u1ec7t nam c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u t\u1ecf t\u00ecnh m\u1eb7n m\u00e0:<\/p>\n

"H\u1ed9t mu\u1ed1i m\u1eb7n, ba n\u0103m c\u00f2n m\u1eb7n.
<\/i>L\u00e1t g\u1eebng cay, s\u1eafc ch\u00edn n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n cay.
<\/i>Anh th\u01b0\u01a1ng em cha m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng hay,
<\/i>nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00f3, bi\u1ebft xoay h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o?"<\/i><\/p>\n

Hay khi c\u00f4 con g\u00e1i ng\u1ea9n ng\u01a1 bu\u00f4ng l\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho duy\u00ean ph\u1eadn:<\/p>\n

"Th\u00e2n em nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t m\u01b0a r\u00e0o,
<\/i>h\u1ea1t r\u01a1i gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee3, h\u1ea1t v\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa.
<\/i>Th\u00e2n em nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t m\u01b0a sa,
<\/i>h\u1ea1t v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0i c\u00e1c, h\u1ea1t ra ru\u1ed9ng c\u00e0y."<\/i><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi t\u00f3c v\u00e0 l\u00f4ng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb "ch\u00f9m". D\u00e0nh cho b\u1ed9 t\u00f3c d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u1eef ph\u00e1i, h\u1ed3n th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ban cho lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb "d\u00f2ng", g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t con s\u00f4ng, d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0, bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 sau l\u01b0ng, tr\u00ean g\u1ed1i. C\u00f2n t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a nam ph\u00e1i? Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a cha \u00f4ng ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3c d\u00e0i, khi \u0111i ng\u1ee7, xo\u00e3 ra bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u ch\u1eebng tr\u00f4ng c\u0169ng n\u00e3o n\u00f9ng, g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m l\u1eafm ch\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng th\u01a1 v\u0103n kim c\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ai ca ng\u1ee3i, r\u1eb1ng "ch\u00e0ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng t\u00f3c \u0111en m\u1ecbn m\u00e0ng\u2026" Kh\u00f4ng, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng. M\u00e0, t\u00f3c \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1edb… l\u00f4ng che \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c "m\u00e1i" l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i. Th\u00ec ra, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb ph\u00e1i t\u00ednh. C\u00f2n l\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng nghe ai n\u00f3i "d\u00f2ng l\u00f4ng" hay "m\u00e1i l\u00f4ng" c\u1ea3, v\u00ec l\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y d\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecbn m\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f3c. Th\u00f4i th\u00ec "nh\u00fam", "ch\u00f9m" v\u1eady! C\u00f9ng chung s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn nh\u01b0 l\u00f4ng l\u00e0 r\u00e2u: ch\u00f2m r\u00e2u. Trang tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n ch\u00fat th\u00ec n\u00f3i: b\u1ed9 r\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ebb t\u00f3c, l\u00f4ng v\u00e0 r\u00e2u ra, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 "c\u1ecdng" ho\u1eb7c "s\u1ee3i":<\/p>\n

"T\u00f3c mai s\u1ee3i v\u1eafn s\u1ee3i d\u00e0i,
<\/i>l\u1ea5y nhau ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1eb7ng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u00e0i ng\u00e0n n\u0103m."<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1eady, chia tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a, c\u01a1n n\u1eafng ra, c\u00f3: c\u1ecdng m\u01b0a, s\u1ee3i n\u1eafng, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ng\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00ed v\u1ecb v\u0103n thi s\u0129 s\u00ednh d\u00f9ng. L\u1ea5n sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh cho ph\u1edf, m\u00ec, h\u1ee7 ti\u1ebfu, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00f3n b\u00fan, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 "s\u1ee3i", "c\u1ecdng" m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. M\u00e0 "c\u1ecdng" c\u0169ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a rau c\u1ecf:<\/p>\n

"Gi\u01a1 tay anh b\u1ee9t c\u1ecdng ng\u00f2.
<\/i>Th\u01b0\u01a1ng em \u0111\u1ee9t ru\u1ed9t, anh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f2 ng\u00f3 l\u01a1."<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0n sang nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt trong Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n

"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi" l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh cho sinh v\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1eddi: ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n xin, \u2026 D\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf, ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ee5 \u00fd khinh mi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 "\u0111\u1ee9a": \u0111\u1ee9a con trai, \u0111\u1ee9a con g\u00e1i, \u2026 ho\u1eb7c: \u0111\u1ee9a \u1edf, \u0111\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ee9a c\u1edd b\u1ea1c, \u2026 H\u00e0m \u00fd coi thu\u1eddng, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd: th\u1eb1ng cha, th\u1eb1ng l\u01b0u manh, con m\u1eb9, con g\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u2026 Tr\u1eddi, l\u00f4i cha m\u1eb9 ra m\u00e0 k\u00eau "th\u1eb1ng" v\u1edbi "con", \u0111\u00edch th\u1ecb con nh\u00e0 m\u1ea5t d\u1ea1y, d\u1eef d\u1eb1n, h\u1ed7n \u1ea9u. Hay n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c: th\u1eb1ng T\u00e2y, th\u1eb1ng M\u1ef9, th\u1eb1ng ch\u00e0-v\u00e0, con \u0110\u1ea7m, con x\u1ea9m, \u2026<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi ri\u00eang lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb "con", ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9: v\u1eeba d\u00f9ng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean nam n\u1eef, v\u1eeba ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng: th\u00fa v\u1eadt. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i h\u1edb h\u00eanh: "Con" l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sinh v\u1eadt. Ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n theo con nh\u00e0 b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee5c c\u1ef1a, nh\u00fac nh\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 "con", t\u1eeb "con ng\u01b0\u1eddi" cho t\u1edbi "con vi khu\u1ea9n". Ngay t\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0 "con" tu\u1ed1t: con s\u00f4ng, con su\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi "con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng", tuy kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng theo t\u00f4i, v\u00ec d\u00f2ng xe c\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u00f4i khi\u1ebfn ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c "\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng" c\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00f4i th\u00ec\u2026 "con" lu\u00f4n cho kho\u1ebb!<\/p>\n

\u1ea4y, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2u! B\u1edbi l\u00f4ng t\u00ecm v\u1ebft, r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c c\u0169ng l\u00f3 ra v\u00e0i th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u00fac nh\u00edch, c\u1ee5c c\u1ef1a g\u00ec r\u00e1o, m\u00e0 "c\u00e1i" gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ma m\u00e3nh kia, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd nh\u1eb1m h\u00f4m \u0103n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i r\u1ed3i, g\u00e1n lu\u00f4n cho "con": con \u1ed1c (\u0111inh v\u00edt) v\u00e0 con dao. Cho "con \u1ed1c" c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f4i co l\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 sau: v\u00ec l\u1ee1 mang danh ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u1ecf c\u1ee9ng, n\u00ean th\u00e0nh "con" l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i r\u1ed3i, oan \u1ee9c g\u00ec n\u1eefa? C\u00f2n dao? R\u1eafc r\u1ed1i d\u1eef!<\/p>\n

May thay, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u00fat \u00edt kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Xin m\u1eddi Qu\u00ed v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c B\u1ea1n theo d\u00f5i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t sinh lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb "con" cho dao sau \u0111\u00e2y, cam \u0111oan h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m:<\/p>\n

"X\u01b0a kia, x\u01b0a l\u1eafm\u2026 Ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, th\u1ea7n ch\u1eef ra l\u1ec7nh cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sinh linh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u t\u1edbi di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng minh lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111em v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m \u0103n. \u0110\u00fang ng\u00e0y h\u1eb9n, th\u00fa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0169 l\u01b0\u1ee3t mang theo \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt t\u1edbi dinh th\u1ea7n ch\u1eef. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u00fa \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed3 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ea3nh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, v\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3 d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd nh\u00e0 dao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0y bi\u1ec7n l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n trong \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt. <\/i><\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7n ch\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nghe ti\u1ebfng con nh\u00e0 dao b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh hi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00edch g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u1eb7t ch\u00e9m, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 dao r\u1eb1ng: <\/i><\/p>\n

– Ta ban cho d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ‘con’, bi\u1ebft c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ph\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y qua b\u00ean ch\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u00fa m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng. L\u1ee1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f3 n\u1ed5i m\u00e1u hung d\u1eef, \u0111\u00f2i xin t\u00ed huy\u1ebft, th\u00ec ch\u00fang n\u00f3 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea9n tr\u00e1nh. <\/i><\/p>\n

B\u00e8 l\u0169 nh\u00e0 dao v\u1eeba r\u1ee5c r\u1ecbch, r\u1ed5n r\u1ea3ng b\u01b0\u1edbc qua, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u00fa h\u00e3i qu\u00e1, gi\u1eabm l\u00ean nhau t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n. Quang c\u1ea3nh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n. Th\u1ea7n ch\u1eef th\u1ea5y v\u1eady, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p cho dao tr\u01a1 tr\u01a1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u0129nh v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 c\u0169. Trong l\u00fac h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p, th\u1ea7n qu\u00ean r\u00fat l\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ‘con’. L\u00fac nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd nh\u00e0 dao \u0111\u00e3 qui c\u1ed1 hu\u01a1ng m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i!"<\/i><\/p>\n

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Khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ea5y l\u1ed9 ra v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd. Cho d\u1ec5 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c v\u1ebd c\u1ee7a Leonardo da Vinci, t\u1ea5m "Vitruvmann"<\/i>, nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t ho\u1ea1 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam: \"clip_image002\"<\/p>\n

Th\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ranh \u1ea3o ph\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i ngu\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc, ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n kh\u00edt khao l\u00ean nhau. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o\u2026 xui x\u1ebbo n\u1eb1m ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ranh \u1ea5y, t\u1ea1o ho\u00e1 ban cho ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t. N\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb tim v\u00e0\u2026 cu\u1ed1ng ru\u1ed9t d\u01b0. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u00fd lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef d\u00e0nh cho ch\u00fang. H\u01a1i\u2026 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e9t \u1edf tr\u00ean, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1eb7p, khi \u0111\u1ee9ng ri\u00eang, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb "chi\u1ebfc". Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00f4i n\u00e0o, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng ai n\u00f3i "chi\u1ebfc" m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 "con m\u1eaft" m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao l\u00e0 "con"? Th\u00f4i th\u00ec c\u1ee9 cho l\u00e0 m\u1eaft t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00fac nh\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean con m\u1eaft m\u1ea5p m\u00e1y, m\u00e0 ta cho l\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb) ai \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t nh\u1eafc nh\u1edb (ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eedi r\u1ee7a). Chia ri\u00eang \u0111\u00f4i tay, ta c\u00f3 "c\u00e1nh", "b\u00e0n" v\u00e0 "ng\u00f3n tay". Cho b\u1ed9 nh\u0169 hoa c\u1ee7a n\u1eef gi\u1edbi, l\u1ea1i\u2026 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u1ea3, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng may \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u0169 th\u00ec kh\u1ed5, kh\u1ed5 l\u1eafm l\u1eadn, d\u00e1m ch\u1eebng \u1edf g\u00f3a su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi. C\u00f2n \u0111\u00f4i v\u00fa k\u1eb9p l\u00e9p c\u1ee7a nam gi\u1edbi l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng, v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c c\u1ea3. Xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, th\u1ea5y c\u1eb7p tinh ho\u00e0n, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng tr\u00f2n tr\u00f2n gi\u1ed1ng h\u00f2n s\u1ecfi, qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng th\u00ec l\u00e0 "h\u00f2n" ho\u1eb7c "tr\u1ee9ng", ch\u1edb c\u00f2n g\u00ec n\u1eefa. Cho c\u1eb7p ch\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t n\u00f3i "\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n", hay r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n: "b\u1eafp \u0111\u00f9i", "\u1ed1ng quy\u1ec3n", "b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n", "ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n", v.v\u2026<\/p>\n

S\u0103m soi moi m\u00f3c l\u1ee5c ph\u1ee7 ng\u0169 t\u1ea1ng, lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p l\u00e0 "l\u00e1" (\u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n \u1edf tr\u00ean). B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y tr\u00e1i, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh ngay "tr\u00e1i" hay "qu\u1ea3", ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e3i c\u1ecd, khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u00f4 \u00edch: tr\u00e1i th\u1eadn, tr\u00e1i tim. Ngo\u00e0i ra, tim t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 bi\u1ebft ph\u1eadp ph\u1ed3ng, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb "con", \u0111\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec7u qu\u00e1.<\/p>\n

C\u00f2n c\u00e1i gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef? D\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4i. C\u1ee7a qu\u00ed \u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111ang l\u00e0 "ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m" t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ef1a qu\u1eady tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh "ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng". \u00d4ng th\u1ea7n ch\u1eef th\u1ea5y v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n suy ngh\u0129 l\u00e2u l\u1eafc, cho ghi ngay v\u00e0o s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch t\u1eeb "con", tr\u00e1nh chuy\u1ec7n tranh c\u00e3i l\u00f4i th\u00f4i v\u1ec1 sau. Li\u1ebfc qua c\u00e1i \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a qu\u00ed b\u00e0, th\u1ea5y \u00f9 l\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng chi h\u1ebft, k\u00eau l\u00e3nh "c\u00e1i" v\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ec3 ghi v\u00e0o b\u00e1ch khoa t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n, l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n h\u1eadu th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t l\u1edbn. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng t\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m: bi v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c quan. Cho nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb bi quan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i "n\u1ed7i": n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n, n\u1ed7i \u0111au, n\u1ed7i ng\u1eadm ng\u00f9i, n\u1ed7i u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c, \u2026 T\u1eeb "n\u1ed7i" t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean, kh\u01a1i d\u1eady trong ta th\u1ee9 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0103m \u1eafp nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea7u bi, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng; g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi v\u1edbi "ni\u1ec1m": ni\u1ec1m vui, ni\u1ec1m h\u00e2n hoan, ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o, \u2026<\/p>\n

Khi g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, "s\u1ef1" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em ra s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tu\u1ed1t: s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, s\u1ef1 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn, \u2026 Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 "s\u1ef1" g\u1eafn v\u00e0o, tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u1eb3n ra: "D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta, ch\u1eadm m\u00e0 ch\u1eafc, s\u1ebd t\u1eeb t\u1eeb Xu\u1ed1ng H\u1ed1 C\u1ea3 N\u0169." <\/i><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t, nh\u1eefng ng\u1eef v\u1ef1ng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng lo\u1ea1i \u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu, l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u00e0nh cho tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. X\u01b0a c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nay, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft gia, n\u00f3i chi t\u1edbi l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c. Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Trung hoa, ti\u1ebfng \u1ea4n \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4ng hay ti\u1ebfng La-tinh, ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn "\u0110\u1ed1 k\u1ef5 c\u00e1i tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng" <\/i>[2]<\/a> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n V\u00f5 Phi\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n

"<\/i>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hai ph\u00eda: ph\u00eda c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5, ph\u00eda suy t\u01b0; v\u0103n c\u00f3 hai th\u1ee9: th\u1ee9 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, th\u1ee9 lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft. Ta xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/i>.<\/i> Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ph\u00eda hay ho \u0111a. C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan m\u1eabn nhu\u1ec7, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac tinh vi, ta tha h\u1ed3 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5, s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi phong ph\u00fa, \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0. Ph\u00eda th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 k\u00e9m, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady v\u00e0o ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n chi\u1ebfc l\u01b0\u1ee1i tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c ch\u00e9n tr\u00e0 ngon, t\u00f4 ph\u1edf ngon, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghe nh\u1ea1c hay b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4i tai s\u00e0nh s\u00f5i c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xem tranh ngo\u1ea1n c\u1ea3nh b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, y\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u00e0o r\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng con tim k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 thi\u00ean khi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1c quan tinh nh\u1ea1y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u1eddi c\u01b0ng sao?<\/i>"<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam th\u1eaft \u0111\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u: Ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb nhau \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m chung. Chung \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc, c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1ng An-nam-m\u00edt. C\u00e1i t\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y, t\u1eeb n\u00e0o t\u1edbi gi\u1edd, c\u00f3 h\u00e0i t\u00ednh cao, gi\u00e0u t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u1eb7ng "t\u00ecnh" h\u01a1n "l\u00fd", tranh c\u00e3i gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn, chu\u1ed9ng c\u00e1i qua qu\u00edt h\u01a1n tinh t\u1ebf, th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f4ng lung h\u01a1n t\u1eadp trung, \u2026 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u00f5 trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t nam, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 kho t\u00e0ng ca dao truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng phong ph\u00fa, m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1i Vi\u1ec7t-t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u nay.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i c\u1ee9 ho\u00e0i nghi, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb "\u0111\u1ef1c" trong "\u0111\u1ef1c r\u1ef1a" c\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb hay kh\u00f4ng? Th\u00ec ra, ngay b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f2n l\u1eafm n\u1ed7i b\u0103n kho\u0103n, \u0111\u00e2u ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang g\u00ec "con" v\u1edbi "c\u00e1i".
 <\/p>\n

(11.2009)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/a> http:\/\/www.vietnhim.com\/dongnhim\/archive\/index.php\/t-20794.html<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/vantuyen.net\/index.php?view=story&subjectid=5082<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i nh\u1edb, thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1o t\u1eeb trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb l\u00e0 ai, cho bi\u1ebft, Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1c duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ef1c r\u1ef1a”, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i r\u1eb7t gi\u1ed1ng “c\u00e1i”. Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u b\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":438,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"h5ap_radio_sources":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10011","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bien-khao","category-nghien-cuu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10011","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/438"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10011"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10011\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":52666,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10011\/revisions\/52666"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10011"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10011"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/damau.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10011"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}